Reading a Cisco Routing Table | Cisco CCNA 200-301

[Music] [Music] and welcome everybody hey I am so glad that you are here we're just a few seconds before the top of the hour Pacific time so I'm going to just say hello Tara who's gotten here early I appreciate it how are you how's your day I had something happen today I want to share with you and then I have a couple things that I will talk about and then we'll get right into interpreting an IP routing table um my car I have an electric a little teeny electric car I bought it used I love it it's it's one of those things I really a lot of pleasure out about and a couple days ago a little light came on saying be sure to wear your safety belt because the passing the driver side airbag has alert seems like it's not working so I thought oh no I took it in to the dealership site this morning I got up my normal time ten minutes to six I did a quick cardio workout drove it to the dealership dropped it off and he says with labor and everything this is gonna be to give me a price and I said I tried that's like what my first car didn't cost that much my first topics and I like your choice of what you would like to see next week so sometime between now and the end of the stream type in what you'd like and then I've got two choices for you to choose from oh SPF or anything related to OSPF open shortest path first which is a pretty nifty link-state routing protocol one of my favorites or router on a stick so let me know which one of those if either would be most interesting to you and I'll go ahead and prepare that for next week same bat-time same bat-channel also I wanted to chat with you about peer reviews you might say Keith what are peer reviews as CBT Nuggets we do peer reviews with another trainer they look at our content we look at their content and make sure it's acceptable and I'm not just acceptable but the bar is pretty high we're gonna make sure our contents were really engaging useful and everything else and I gotta tell you um I'm working on some dev net content the CCNA content is just about wrapped up as well and when you can have your peers watching your content and we do it over web camera and so I'm watching their faces they're going through the content and then they're saying oh that's how that works it is so amazing and I've also done that with my son I have a son who he's 21 his name's Riley and I hired him to come in look at my videos and actually go through the hands-on labs that we're providing at CBT Nuggets just to make sure that these are solid and ready because I remember back in the I want to say how maybe back in the late 80s that's a long time ago in a galaxy far away when I was first working with Novell way way way back then I learned about how it all worked right the protocol stack and everything else and I still remember there's a feeling that's gonna be common if you're just getting into IT and just getting into networking when they come on you as the expert and we had a company call me and say we can't print so I went in and like oh no they can't oh no they can't print so what happened though because I had practiced and I had studied with at that time it was Novell networking I bet sequin and I said okay let me take a look take I logged in print queue printer driver oh here's the group membership that was off boom fixed it I was almost surprised that I could just solve it so darn quick but it was because I had spent a lot of time studying and preparing so in the real world when we get to the field and we're working with things like first hop redundancy protocols or working with dynamic routing protocol like OSPF or we're working with a troubleshooting routing or switching or whatever it is it's gonna be amazing to you if you join us in this journey of studying and practicing that when it comes down to actually doing it you'll be much quicker at identifying problems and solving them and troubleshooting issues because you understand how the pieces all fit together so I'm very excited about I'm excited about a lot of things I'm super excited about with you CCNA content or creating so as CBT what we do is we take I'll saw a question often comes up Keith what CBT Nuggets what is that CBT is an acronym for computer-based training and a long time ago when online or digital training was first out so they called it computer-based training so CBT Nuggets is about taking available training it's offline or online on your mobile device or on your computer and making really concise top like Nuggets like gems like the juice of what you wanna learn and make it very effective and it just so happens that the team at CBT is corny enough and you know real enough to expose ourselves enough in the videos that we make it entertaining and it feels like just like right now with you and I talking with each other so I look forward to seeing you in those videos so in today's livestream on the topic of routing and switching and sorry on the topic of so excited about everything on the topic of reading a routing table here's why it's important when a packet comes in to a router here it comes to to to to to that router when it looked at it it's going to look at the layer 3 destination IP address and it's gonna say is this for me is it do I have an IP address that matches that if the answer's no is that gonna look at the routing table and see whether or not it has a route for how to forward that packet on its way and it's sort of like hot potato what do you mean like hot potato well routers IP routers that route IP packets it's like hot potato let's imagine that you and I are playing a game called hot potato and it involves a hot potato so let's say this fan control is a hot potato what happens if I toss it over to you and you catch this hot potato in your hands what are you gonna do with that and the answer is right on you you're gonna say wow the hot potato poof get rid of it that's what routers do they take a packet in they look at the IP address they route it or get rid of it as quick as they can based on their routing table and when that routing table is what do you call it messed up or not correct or pointing in the wrong direction or missing a route that's what causes networks to fail and for the routers not the forward packets so we create our content in skills a set of videos that are on one topic and I have a set I like to share it with you and bring out the screen and oh my gosh our animations are so fun this is a little yeah so this is for a review of how networks operate and it basically goes something like this when a packets going through the network what level of the protocol stack does have to go through well if it's going through a switch they'll be processed at the daily player it's going to a router would be the network layer and so forth and so on anyway I'll put that to the side so this is a representation of a skill that I've been working on actually it's done it's got nine videos one's an intercom and one's a closed set eight fairly short videos but check this out see these little cubes right here these little cubes represent there's a lab associated with each one of them and I feel it's really important whether it's you know if you have your own physical gear or if you want to use packet tracer which is a great resource or if you want to use gns3 if you want to use viral or even G or world hands-on labs through some other somebody else getting the practice is really important for that muscle memory so I would encourage you to get practice wherever you can and we offer these as part of the new CCNA that's going to be released I don't know the exact date but currently is 2019 and it is the 13th of November and it'll be really sometime after today how's that for a loose date hey most like a lot of the content is done and just being proved in final touches so what I would love to do is we have a few minutes for this dream and I think I would love to go ahead and play you a couple of these videos these are the essent right now of this live stream these have not been released to the public so the only people have seen these are my peer reviewers at CBT Nuggets my son my son Riley who I watch and the benefit of me watching him go through it is I'm looking at his face I'm looking at and doing the labs and I want to see cuz he's he's 21 he doesn't have an IT background I want to see whether or not he is able to learn when I'm you know picking up what I'm putting down and also be able to apply that in the labs and so I'm very very happy about this I'm happy to share him with you too so I'm gonna turn the volume up on my external speakers here they'll be picked up by this microphone for the live stream and then I'll size it up so we can see it all all perfectly as well so let me start I think a lot of time you know what I'm gonna see if I can squeeze in the intro which is really really short and - video - and video 3 that way we can enjoy them all together and also in the meantime I will be looking on the side channel for any questions or comments and when we come up from after these we'll take those so here is the intro video right here one of the common questions that we're gonna ask routers a lot is why as in why did you drop that package or why did you forward it that way not that way and we get those answers with the command show IP route now the better we understand that routing table and determine what the elements mean the better we're able to understand why the router did what it did so here you and I get to do in this set of videos we're getting interpreting the IEP routing table is we're gonna break down the routing table step by step to make sure we're clear on each of the components and that way when we do a show IP route we can look at the output say oh I get it I understand it that's why and then I'll finish up this set of videos by applying our skill of interpreting the routing table to identify in a production network why the network as a whole is forwarding traffic the way it is so we're gonna keep this intro a really short and I look forward to seeing you in just a few moments in the very next video and look how easy that is so in the player these will be a nice beautiful playlist for you but in studio here where I create and I live I'm gonna go ahead and launch them individually for you so we can enjoy them together if you run a situation where you heard some information from somebody then you say how did you know that or where does that information come from well that same type of question is really relevant on a Cisco router as well as we take a look at the routing table we ask it hey where did you learn that route or where does that route come from we're gonna solve that problem and answer that question with the router protocol codes on a Cisco router let's take a closer look so to look at the routing codes to help determine hey where did that Rob come from go ahead and login to the lab and then from DC node we're gonna open up MT buddy up in the upper left hand corner and let's open up a console to our routers and let's start with router one and to see the routing protocol codes and to answer the question where did that route come from all we need to do is a show IP route just like that and then I'm gonna press enter just a few times until I have at least one OSPF route that's showing up and you can replicate this right alongside of me in the lab and when doing a show IP route the first thing that often hits me is that yeah there's so much information here and that's what we're gonna break it down just one little step of time so in this output of show IP route on the far left-hand side here there are some codes and these codes are explained up here or they identify what those codes mean so let's start off with a few that we've seen before including see now if there's a route in this case it's the one one one one that works a 32-bit route if it says C that means it is directly connected what are we in cubes how do we get a directly connected Network well it's simple will you take an interface and we bring it up we assign an IP address press ENTER and poof whatever network that is the router believes is directly connected there is another option or two to get directly connected networks including static routes that point to an exit interface only but we'll save that for another discussion so the primary way is configuring an interface with an IP address and boom it's a connected route next let's tackle the s so we have this default route and the S here represents that this is a static route how did you get into the routing table somebody configured me that's what the router would say it's a static route and this little star is little asterisk next to it that indicates that it's a candidate default I mean hey that could be the default route what do you mean it's the candidate well there may be four or five or dozens of potential default routes being advertised or communicated to this router so put a little asterisk next to the ones that are a candidate and not only was it the candidate this right here implies that it actually won because we have a gateway of last resort so the routing protocol code of s represents that route was brought in to this router as a static route next let's take a look at these three routing protocol codes actually it's one code used three times and that are if we look at the decoder up here on top represents rip rip is a fairly old dynamic routing protocol but if this router is running rip and I'll learn network via rip the routing protocol code on the far left is going to give the story away and let us know hey these routes were learned via rip then going down a little bit further we've got another directly connected network also if we have an Ethernet interface and we configure an IP address on that interface this example 10.10 dot something that we configured with a 24-bit mask and so the router believes it's directly connected to the 10 1 0 Network it will also create a 32 bit route as an L and we can look at the yellow up on top as a local grout now that local route being automatically added has not always been the case over the years but when they added it they mentioned it's going to help improve the performance of the router by having that local 32 bit route so when we have even the interfaces that local route is going to show up next to the actual network that the interface is connected to in this case is gig 0 0 and then one last one here on this page is oh the routing protocol of oh if we look up here in the decoder that represents its and OSPF learn route so if we wanted to ask the router hey how did you learn about the 10.20 network I mean what was the mechanism over on the left the routing protocol code says OSPF and that's a great and easy way to very quickly identify how that route was learned by this router so in this video in that we've answered the question how did you get that route and by looking at the routing protocol code it can give it away because I always learn via OSPF with the know or learn via trip with an R or it's directly connected with the C so that my friends is how we could use the routing protocol code to give us inside information on how that route showed up in the routing table and as we proceed through the routing table we'll take a look at each of the other components step by step can we have a master picture of how to determine interpret and read a routing table so I'll see you in the next video meanwhile I hope this has been informative for you and I'd like to thank you for viewing all right and let's do let's do this T one more should I feel guilty by enjoying watching these I feel like I could binge watch my own videos I feel a little guilty about that but I think you know what man it's on point so I the intention behind the scenes whenever I make a video is I have a main topic that I want to communicate like what I want the learner to get out of it what like at the end of the day if they trade they if you trade five minutes of your life and watch this video what do you get for it and I'm very specific in my notes as far as what I want to convey and what I'm gonna transfer in the learning process so it's a two-way street it's you and I and going through this content together and enjoying it having a good time and I've enjoyed creating it I hope you enjoyed it as well let me bring up one more and that'll be on the network prefix which is another way of saying the left hand most side of a network address and a mask and I'll bring that up right now as you and I issue the pan show IP route to look at the ipv4 routing table on a Cisco router on the far left it's gonna have that routing protocol code where did this route come from fantastic and then following that it's gonna have the network as well as its mask and there's that that I'd like to discuss with you that network in the mask that I said chat with you about right now so to reinforce this I would love you to join me in the hands-on lab and we're on our admin machine DC bug and let's open up M putty and let's open up a console to r1 and here on r1 let's look at the routing table and the command of course we show IP route and then we'll press enter and that's going to give us one page at a time and what you just hit spacebar a couple times to go ahead and cycle through all the pages and let's take a look at the very end so over here on the left in this column we have the routing protocol codes which we covered in the previous video and then next we had the actual networks followed by the masks and let's talk about that for a moment now fortunately these are sorted for us these days numerically so lower numbered networks will be before higher numbered networks and it's easier to find things that it has not always been the case over the years but fortunately it is now and then for you to the networks we're gonna have this entry here because 10 is a Class A address it's going to show us 10000 with an 8-bit mask and then below it it'll show us the carved out networks and sub networks that are included in that 10 address space so even if we don't have any 8-bit masks configured anywhere because it's a Class A address it'll show up as this heading in the routing table and then they'll show us the more detailed routes that we have in our routing table so in short this 10 network with the native mask is not a route this is just a heading for these networks blo that begin with 10 so let's talk about the keyword of network and I'm also going to use word Street because that works are very much like streets and we can also use word prefix because oftentimes we're referring to networks by the name prefix so whenever you hear the word network or prefix we're simply talking about a network set with an IP network segment and these terms prefix a network from a routing table perspective can be used interchangeably so let's go ahead as an example and pick on this one specific route or right here so this route points to the once-through to 16 6.0 / 26 network and just as well these 10 networks or under this heading of 10.0.0.0 so here we have this heading of 170 to 1600 / 16 because the first doctor to 132 means it's a Class B address and then blow it into indicating all the subnets so for this one route the network is 172 16 6.0 just as it appears / 26 now I've got a question for you what would that mask be just for grins what would that mask be in dotted decimal so if we went to bits further into this last octet well with the mask sneak attack hey I'm gonna ask you to do this think about this so if you're brand new to IP don't know about subnetting yet you're excused from this exercise but if you have a familiarity with masks or we've been through some of the training on it I'd like you to take a moment right now and identify in dotted decimal that last octet for the mask for a slash 26 what would it be I'll give you three choices 128 192 or 224 it's one of those three if you type that in as your answer and I will go ahead and resume the video here in just a few moments [Music] [Applause] all right I couldn't resist a little bit of that specific music for for my own pleasure all right so um hopefully you provided your estimations and let's go ahead and continue the video and this is the kind of interaction I would also recommend as we're going through the videos together once these are all released on the CBT nugget site or you're watching out of mobile what have you is that whenever I ask a question and pause if I ask you to a lab pause do the lab do the hands-on and that way we're both gonna benefit from the experience I'm going to get I want you to get every ounce of benefit that you possibly can out of this training because that will turn into skills and knowledge and then when you get it applied to the work experience it becomes more and more valuable to you and your family and your employer and everyone else so I'm going to hit resume and let's take a look at the answer B in that last octet to represent a 26 bit mask and if you're fairly new to that process one of the techniques I strongly recommend is just putting the numbers up here 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 I also you can start from the right and just go 1 2 4 8 and double it double it so 24 bits is up to this point if we had two more that'd be this one and this one for the mask and all the rest would be zeros and then we just add those up so 128 plus 64 equals 192 so the mask and a decimal would be 192 so if this router received a packet that was destined for 172 dot 16.6 taught all right so this is where it gets a little bit interesting because if I want to have a host that has an address in that subnet I have to know what the range of that subnet is so if I did a quick calculation the block size for the subnets is between 64 so because the block size is a 64 that would mean when that would be 1 Cindy 2.16 6.64 so I'd want to make sure I had a host address on that real subnet so if a packet came in and was going to once to 216 6 dot and let's put 50 that's perfect there Robert would look at that destination IP address and say well my match is right this is the route and as a result it would go ahead and use 10.12 dot 0.2 as its next hop and that's exit interface the egress interface gonna be gigabit 1 / 0 and it would forward that packet on the router 2 and then there would be our two's problem to process that packet and to continue forwarding it in the right direction in this video we've taken a look at the routing table with a focus on the network portion along with the mask included in individual routes I'll see you in the next video meanwhile I hope this has been informative for you and I'd like to thank you for viewing all right and as these videos continue the next one would be the next hop and in administrative distance and the routing table metric and the Gateway of last resort and so forth and so on and hey I wore the appropriate shirt for today I didn't realize pretty to do any kind of anyway it's my binary shirt love it a lot of fun alright also just as a heads up this content would have come will come in a playlist where the learners and you know I would already have the experience of going through bit network basics like how does switching work and how do trunking work and what is an IP address and how to do subnet masking and the basics of all that and that was being into routing we're reinforcing that or revisiting that because you know if you're a router or for a router and we get a packet the way that router looks and identifies the longest match based on a packet coming in as the route he's going to choose and sometimes you have to go back to our submitting skills to identify oh well you know I've got five subnets here my routing table which IP address does this fall into that's yet another reason to you know brush up and become pretty good at IP subnetting so I got feedback from Jake and from Josh regarding what your comments were earlier it looks like we have an overwhelming majority for OSPF next Wednesday 6 p.m. Pacific time which is that's what we'll do I love OSPF only tell you when I first learned up a long long time ago in a galaxy far away I was a CCIE in 2001 that's when I got my first one and so as part of that what I did was I didn't have any access to virtual gear so I bought routers I bought switch well in those days I bought routers I bought switches and I bought a token ring switch boo anyway and I racked them all off at my house and they vented it out the top of the house so that with an exhaust fan so directly so the heat would be maintained where was I going with all that Oh os yeah right so I learned all the basics like a lot of things daling switching and OSPF and rip and EIGRP and etc etc but when I every time I have a chance to come back and revisit it which is like every two or three years hey there's a new CCNA oh hey we're gonna do professional level training oh hey we're teaching juniper with OSPF for every time I visit it I swear I I learn things I didn't realize before about that protocol and maybe it's cuz I forgot some of it but most likely because I have a comfort level with it and that's truth our videos too so if you go back and watch something the first time and then you give it a rest and you come back and watch it again maybe do some hands-on labs and reinforce that you're gonna pick up new things almost every time so if though SPF hears that huh my gosh with OSPF it's a link state routing protocol and with a link state routing protocol it's like having two routers that have an agreement like hey buddy hey you don't like let's say you and I are o SP F routers and we have an agreement we're part of our agreement is hey I'm gonna say hello every you know every so many seconds to you every 10 seconds or something I'm gonna say hello and I'm gonna say your hellos and we're gonna make sure that you're still there and you're good and everything else is fine and we're also going to agree as neighbors on what is the common network segment between us and what is the security between us and all these other parameters that are required for us to become neighbors but once we become neighbors and we're sharing information with other OSPF routers with a thing called an LSA which is a link state advertisement which is pretty darn cool now if we're CCNA we only need to worry about two types type 1 and type 2 will cover other LSA types at the professional level but when that relationship gets established based on the type of network there's a lot of really cool magic and it's not magic but there's a lot of cool things that happen with an Ethernet segment versus a point-to-point and I I remember struggling like back in 2001 or 2002 ICC and studies maybe mm ish 1999 with some of those topics and now because I've had the opportunity to work with them many many times also in production environments with OSPF and routing protocols I can take the concept like what really matters like what is the most important aspect of this as far as implementing it and troubleshooting it and teach that at the CCNA level while at the same time realizing you know there's another world out here with more information but we'll take that one step at a time so I had so much fun I have a confession to make here it is I think like one other person knows this and now everybody will I was creating a skill on OSPF and I wanted to be very concise and very thorough and it turned out that it was gonna be too long right I was gonna have too many videos to do everything and the labs and so to solve that because I don't want to have one skill that's like you know 15 or 20 videos long that's too long we want to nice and tight containers so I did was I talked to the team at CBT and I said I was Matt we have a guy named Matt m81 T and we call him a 20 or maybe just one team anyway I asked him what do we do I'm looking I'm early on and it's gonna be too many and the idea we came up with was well have one skill on understanding OSPF and that way you can focus on the concepts the neighbor ships how to configure the basics of it and so forth just on the fundamentals like the concepts and ideas and some hands-on labs to reinforce those ideas like designated routers and backup designated routers and dr others and everything else like it's fantastic so I've got labs for all that and then we switch over to implementing OSPF where we focus on the implementation and verification of OSPF and then the for the finale what we do is we apply all those skills it's like training wheels we do small networks first and then as we build the skill then we apply it to what I call the production network which is the our master CCNA topology which which rocks it's a lot of fun see how the benefit of all those pieces I wanted to keep this moderately short to be respectful of your time I really appreciate everybody who came live I know a lot of people enjoy watching this after the fact it's recorded being here live means a lot to me because I know I'm not alone I'm alone in the room hey you wanna hear one more story I'm gonna tell you another story that's a little embarrassing and fun though fun and short I won't tell you the company and I won't tell you the exact time because if somewhere between 9 and 15 years ago so somewhere that's fluff you can look at my history and find out where I was but I was teaching an online class and they wanted it for the recording so they wanted me to teach this class on the topic X and they were gonna record it and they didn't sell any seats meaning they didn't try to sell any seats they were just gonna have me record it and then they thought oh no if Keith is teaching and he thinks no he's in class he's not gonna have his you know hey how you doing and personally anyway I was ready to do that by the way I was ready to teach just like this well you're live and I'm like but I'm prepared to teach to an audience that's give me in the future we do it all the Davidson CBT nights anyway long story short they put five fake seats in the class they had five people from the company log in and just leave it mute it shut it you know in the background and so I started teach this class not knowing that everybody in the five people in the class were not real and so I started interacting or trying to interact with what this sounds like okay what is the dust like we just did what is the what is the dotted decimal mask for a / 26 or or what is the range for this subnet or whatever and I was getting crickets nothing no one responded and so during my first break I contacted the powers that be and said hey I've got a problem I I think every is dead or something there's no one is responding not a comment not a peep and then they tell me oh yeah we yeah those aren't real students anyway they fake they corrected it they pulled them all out and like the benefit is that and this is a benefit of CBT to as I teach in this studio here in Las Vegas which is where I do most of my recordings is that I can take the time to get it right like if I have a little slip-up or I type something and it's it's like fumble fingered let me leave that in because it's very human right it's like that's what humans did we sometimes make a little mistake but if I like today I was recording today on the control plane of the data plane and the data complaint and the management plane on network devices so I found a clever way to explain it a clever way to describe it that made sense so that somebody watching this for a few minutes to say oh yeah I get it and then examples of it well I was doing a video and I recorded half of it and then realized huh hit the button for stop record not you know what I'm gonna do that whole thing over with a slightly different angle and so I can do two or three takes or four takes a lot of times it works like this though one tank and that's because I do a lot of prep work before so I sit down with the topic and I write out what's the core thing what is it that I want you to walk away with knowledge wise after we have our time together in this video and I'm very clear on that and that's my primary and then I spent a lot of time lobbing it up practicing it rehearsing how it's going to go and then when I go live I hit record I'm talking like I am to you right now so a lot of us people will come to me and say Cisco lie or other place in fact that's me in an elevator say hey you sound a lot like Keith Barker I get that a lot my um one of my kids was a store and she had some CBT Nuggets paraphernalia on like a hat I think her and they way so he stopped her and said hey Jim is it do you know do you know Keith Barker and she's like yeah that's my dad's my dad and anyway it's pretty cool I love the relationship that I have I do I love the relationship I had to learn her out a couple weeks ago and I hope I can say his name it's Gus I dare I did it so I love meeting people in they come to Vegas I will always make time when possible to you know say hello have a bite to eat give you recommendations what dude here in Vegas but I am in a love affair with my students I see my students I feel pretty personal about having you in my classes so it means a lot to me that you're joining me in these live streams hopefully hopefully the time that we invest together whether it's on this channel or training videos or some other place in the future I want to make sure I'm providing value at the end of the day I want you I want you to have more come out a better more valuable than then we started so everybody I touch I want them to walk away saying you know what yeah yeah I'm better now I could if it's technical skills great I can read a routing table I can walk into a production environment I can configure OSPF ipv6 static routes OSPF etc and increase our value all the time so anyway well that was a little Keith Barker soapbox I am very grateful next week same bat-time same bat-channel 6 p.m. Pacific we will cover OSPF will look at I will handpick a few of the videos from the two OSPF collections that I have one on concepts one an implementation and I'll carve them out that you can enjoy them also I know many of you have already subscribed as so you'd alerts and so forth for live streams and new updates if you haven't please do so now if you have a friend or two that is introduced it interested in IT or CCNA or just wants to see hey is this something I could do the answer is yes most people can get into IT and turn them to this channel this is a community of support for anybody who wants to get better at IT and I haven't I've been around the block almost twice and I still love it and guess what I still have I still have two and I get to get up every day and realize today is a day that I get to learn something new or reinforce something or keep moving because the moment we say oh yeah I know everything I need to know that's not a good day so I'm in the same boat whether you're just starting an IT or you've been there for 10 years or you're an old Original Gangster of IT like myself I'm in for the long haul so I'm gonna close it off by finding some really fun music let me look that up real quick and some fun music and let's do that yeah this is called gears of Steel somebody asked in the previous stream they said Keith where do you where do you get the music music is interesting on YouTube so I have a subscription that is it called anyway where they have a library that I can use for my content on YouTube but also I've often used in the past I still do a license for Camtasia by TechSmith which is fantastic and they have a free library they have a library of free music and they also have some additional music you can pay for and then currently in my processing I use some Camtasia and I also use Adobe Premiere which I have recently moved to more predominantly but still have licenses for the other as well so I get those questions a lot so I want to answer them and I'm gonna do a little sign off here with gears of Steel thanks everybody [Music] [Music] [Music]

Channel: Keith Barker

Views: 19,139

Rating: 4.9185061 out of 5

Keywords: ccna, ccna training, certification, cisco, cisco ccna, network+, route, router, routers, routing, static, static route, static route configuration, static router, static routes explained, static routing

Id: xmI8DHITewA

Length: 37min 14sec (2234 seconds)

Published: Wed Nov 13 2019