Particle Nature of Matter | Grade 8 Science DepEd MELC Quarter 3 Module 1

[Music] hi there in this video we will talk about the properties of solids liquids and gases based on the particle nature of matter so let's get started when you compare the pencil laptop and smartphone surely you will say that the laptop is the heaviest of the three objects while the pencil seems to be the lightest on the other hand the smartphone may not be as heavy as the laptop but it is not as light as a pencil what does this indicate it means that objects or things around us may be light or heavy or simply put that these things have mass mass is the measure of the amount of matter the object has the objects in the picture show that they occupy a space volume is the measure of the space occupied by an object so what do we call these objects that have mass and volume we call them matter how about air inside a balloon does it have mass does it occupy space the air plays inside the balloon occupies space thus we are able to inflate balloons air also adds mass to balloons hence the air inside balloons are considered as matter how about heat and light do they have mass do they occupy space heat is energy in transit and light is a form of energy they do not have mass and they do not occupy space so they are not considered matter [Music] variety in matter can be traced to the nature of the particles composing them one example of matter noted for its variety in physical form is water water is a common substance that we encounter every day the icebergs the ocean water and the vapor in the sky are all considered water but they are of different states alright let's do a quick activity fill a cylindrical glass bottle with water up to the 10 ml mark the bottle has line markings for the 10 ml and the 16 ml mark the lower line marking is the 10ml mark while the higher one is the 16ml mark add five 1 4 teaspoonfuls of sugar in the bottle mix or shake thoroughly until all the sugar is dissolved [Music] what is the volume of the sugar and water mixture what should be the total volume of the solution now let's recall the volumes in our experiment we poured 10 ml of water in the cylindrical glass bottle we added 1 4 teaspoon of sugar to the cylindrical glass bottle 5 times note that 1 4 teaspoon is equivalent to 1.2 ml therefore 1.2 ml times 5 equals 6 ml of sugar so the total volume inside the cylindrical glass bottle must be 10 ml of water plus 6 ml of sugar equals 16 ml you have observed that the resulting volume is less than 16 ml why is this so water is made up of tiny particles called molecules with spaces between them sugar is also made up of molecules bigger than the molecules of water the water molecules could fit in the spaces between the sugar molecules or vice versa let's continue with another activity pour one cup of tap water into a transparent glass bottle add one small drop of food coloring slowly you may have observed that the food coloring starts to spread to the other parts of the water set aside the bottle with food coloring in a locker or corner of your room without disturbing the setup after one day what happens to the food coloring dropped in the bottle containing water think about food coloring and water as made up of particles you may have observed this time that the food coloring is evenly scattered all throughout the water who figured out that all matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms it was the greek philosophers leosippus and democritus at about 5th century bc who had an idea that all matter consisted of small uncuttable particles called atomus and later on came to be known as atoms all forms of matter are made up of tiny particles that are in constant random motion scientists call this characteristic as particulate nature of matter after more than 2 000 years the ancient philosopher's idea about atoms became a theory when john dalton put together many observations and results of several experiments done by other scientists and formulated the atomic theory early scientists attempted to explain the composition and behavior of matter through the molecular theory of matter this theory has the following assumptions 1. all matter is made up of small particles called molecules two there are spaces between molecules three molecules are constantly moving and four molecules attract one another this theory was later on improved through the course of time and named as kinetic molecular theory of matter [Music] a molecule is a particle consisting of two or more atoms combined in a specific arrangement it is an electrically neutral particle and is the smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist independently for example a molecule of water consists of an oxygen atom combined with two hydrogen atoms atoms of the same element can also combine to form a molecule for example oxygen in the air consists of oxygen molecules which are made up of two oxygen atoms going back to our previous example we said that the iceberg ocean water and the vapor in the sky are all water so why do they look very different from each other this observed difference in water originates from the nature of water particles the particle theory of matter describes the phases of matter at the microscopic level it also explains the differences in the properties of solids liquids and gases moreover the theory also explains the changes of bases of matter in an iceberg the particles are packed closely together and vibrate a little in place but in fixed positions icebergs are considered as solids its particles are held together by strong forces solids have definite shape and volume they are incompressible why does a solid behave differently from a liquid or a gas this question can be answered using the concept on the molecular structure of solids liquids and gases let's take for example air inside a balloon the particles of air inside a balloon are in constant motion and are far apart from each other they are considered as gas since their particles can move to any space available when you inflate or deflate a balloon its shape changes the shape changes because air is a gas gas is a state of matter that has no definite shape or volume the particles of a gas move very quick and fast so they can break away completely from one another there is low attraction between particles of a gas and between particles of the same element in the solid or liquid state the particles of water are closer to one another than the gas particles and they are in constant motion water in a glass is considered as liquid their particles move fast enough to overcome some of the attraction between them the attraction between their particles are stronger than those in gases liquids do not have a definite shape and just like gases they take the shape of their container the particles slide past one another but stay together [Music] liquids have unique characteristics a special property of liquids is surface tension surface tension is a force that acts on the particles at the surface of a liquid surface tension causes some liquids to form spherical drops like the beads of water different liquids have different surface tensions for example cooking oil has a very low surface tension and forms flat drops another important property of liquids is viscosity viscosity is a liquid's resistance to flow usually the stronger the attractions between the particles of a liquid the more viscous the liquid is for example if we drop a pebble in different containers with honey oil and water the pebble will sink to the bottom fastest in water followed by honey and last in oil this is because oil is the most viscous liquid among the three while water is the least viscous now let's wrap things up matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms atoms are the smallest particles of matter molecules are atoms bonded together the states of matter are the physical forms in which a substance can exist shape is the external form or appearance of an object volume is the measure of how much space an object takes up surface tension is a force that acts on the particles at the surface of a liquid and viscosity is a liquid's resistance to flow here is a table summarizing the characteristics of solids liquids and gases solids retain a fixed volume and shape liquids follow the shape of the container it occupies gases follow the shape and volume of its container in solids particles are locked into place in liquids particles can slide past one another the particles in gas can move fast between one another solids and liquids are not compressible gases on the other hand can be compressed in solids spaces between particles are unnoticeable in liquids there is little free space between particles and lots of free space between particles and gases lastly solids do not flow liquids and gases do that's all for now we will be discussing about physical changes in matter in terms of the arrangement and motion of atoms and molecules in our next video so stay tuned see you on our next video and don't forget to 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Channel: The Learning Bees

Views: 151,912

Keywords: The Learning Bees, Department of Education, DepEd, MELC-Based, Most Essential Learning Competencies, Science, MELC, Grade 8, Chemistry, particle nature of matter, phases of matter, states of matter, solid, liquid, gas, mass, matter, volume, does air have mass, is fire and light matter, molecules, science activity, John Dalton, Leucippus, Democritus, atom, atomic theory, Kinetic Molecular Theory of matter, particle theory of matter, surface tension, viscosity, characteristics of solid liquid gas

Id: EkToa-7tXnw

Length: 13min 36sec (816 seconds)

Published: Sat Feb 27 2021