Music Theory Everyone Should Know

hey everybody I just went live on my second channel to make sure that everything is lined up properly here and with the front-facing camera I haven't done one of these lectures in a long time everybody that watches this channel there has for years knows that I do whiteboard lectures and haven't done one in a very long time but I'm gonna do it again because there's so many new people that have come to the channel probably four hundred thousand since the last one I did something like that maybe three hundred thousand at least so these are basic elements of music theory that everyone should know these are these are things when you hear things like one four five progression Zoar major chord minor chord suspended chord things like that I'm gonna explain these things I'm gonna try and do it in 30 minutes it's gonna be a 30 minute lecture I'm gonna begin right now right into this here I'm gonna take questions right now but I'm going to begin with the circle of fifths this is what this is here this is the circle of fifths and what this does is it tells you how many sharps and flats are in each key know if you have a key signature okay like this let's say you've got a staff here staff staves have five lines okay and you know let's say it's a G clef here trouble clef we call this okay and let's say you have something like this right here you have one flat like that okay that's that's supposed to be on this middle line here I didn't do it very clearly but that line is b-flat there notice B okay but the thing to know is that that's one flat okay so if you look on this chart here and you say one flat well you're in the key of F or you're in its relative minor we'll talk about that a little bit but your first flat is B flat so the way this chart works is this is the sharp side where the sharps are and this is the flat side these are the flat keys these are the sharp keys okay sharps and flats always in the same order okay so this is your sharps go F sharp C sharp G sharp d sharp a sharp a sharp B sharp they always happen that way if a key has two sharps it's always gonna be F sharp and C sharp well that must be the key of D the key has three flats you're gonna be in the key of E flat major okay and the three flats are gonna be B flat E flat a flat so in your heat signatures gonna have those or you don't even have to read music to understand music theory that's good to be able to read amuse you should be able to read the basic notes in trouble in bass clef but you don't need to know that reading is not necessary to understanding basic music theory okay so I don't want you to think oh we're gonna teach us how to read and everything no but memorizing this chart one interesting thing you'll see about this if you look at the this fcg da eb b EA d c a G C F this is backwards okay so if you go starting at F and F C and C G & G the order of sharps and the order of flats are exactly opposite right B EA D G C F b EA D G C F okay so it actually makes it easy if you memorize it one way you can memorize it the other way the other thing is you have to memorize the chart like this but going around the chart always either way moves in fifths okay so it's CG da EB F sure the same thing you see a red C ji Dae B once you get used to counting fifth intervals it becomes easy you just do it alright D flat a flat E flat B flat F C you know you just start to think that way or C F B flat E flat a flat D you start to see these little pattern B ei D right B flat E flat a flat D flat okay B e ad bead if you remember that you've got like you pretty much have almost the whole thing memorized right so down here I have F sharp and G sharp so F sharp major and G flat I'm sorry F sharp and G flat F sharp major and G flat major are the same they have the same number of sharps and flats they have six sharps or six flats that's my transition point okay that's a tritone away from or an Augmented fourth or diminished fifth away from the key of C okay that's on the opposite side of the wheel so this chart you need to memorize now in my Beato book the very first thing that I go over our keys okay and by the way I have a discount on they be out a book like I always do my live streams RB 216 is the live stream it's 20% off anything in my store okay any mugs I've got mugs that have formulas of scales on them I have mugs they have formulas of triads on there we're going to talk about those next but it in my book I begin because in order to understand music theory you have to understand keys period okay that has to be memorized there's no shortcut to that as a matter of fact everything I tell you today you have to memorize okay but how do you memorize it you memorize it by looking at over and over and reciting these things and you figure out little tricks here but if you can say CJD a eb f sharp right then you go D flat a flat E flat B flat F C and you just just get used to it you think oh man that's gonna be too hard no you can totally get used to it okay so key centers if somebody says what key how many sharps or flats are in the key of B you look at you know your chart you write it out you say there are five sharps what sharps are they F sharp C sharp G sharp d sharp e sharp those are your five sharps you count five if you say key of b-flat how many flats are there well there's two flats B flat E flat okay okay so that's the first basic thing that you need to know with music theory you have to know that okay once you know that then you know about chord progressions yr chord progression is important to know because you hear people talk about them all the time you hear one four five right blues or you hear one four five six which is every sign that's on the radio pretty much so chord progressions well the first thing we're going to do is talk about major keys so the the circle of fifths I only did with major here every major key if you once you you know them has a minor relative minor key okay and they work in fifths as well so before I get to chord before I get to chord progressions let me just quickly do this so C major and a minor are the same they have zero sharps and flats okay zero g major and E minor are the same so I put lowercase letters mean minor this has one sharp one sharp and then if you go by your order of sharps this sharp is f sharp so I'm actually going through and showing you how to do this right then you go to D major and the way it works is if you go down a minor third well you're gonna be like well what is a minor third but we'll get two minor thirds here D major and B minor are the same key okay they have to or they have the same key signature two sharps which are F sharp and C sharp okay the next key is a and F sharp minor they have three sharps the next key is e and C sharp minor they have four sharps okay well and you'll know if you memorize your thing F sharp C sharp whoops I'm sure hold on I get my eraser C sharp G sharp those are my 3 ok the last sharp here is always going to be a half step below the tonic ok same thing here after C sure you already know what I'm going to do here G sharp and then once a half step below this D shirt okay but you start to see patterns here Vee a you see that there I always look for those things you see EAD well what's gonna come next be right V major relative minor is G sharp minor and that's gonna have five sharps once again if you know these four you just put those there and then you put the one that's a half step below that so f sharp all the same same ones plus a sharp okay so both G sharp minor and B major have a sharp in them okay so these are what they call your relative minors flats weren't the same way if you know your the flat side okay so B flat and G minor then you've got a flap C minor what am I gonna do here remember be EAD you know the drill right a flat D flat okay a flat it's gonna be F minor D flat is gonna be B flat minor okay those are and then G flat okay well if you say G what you're gonna see em flat okay you see this e be e now if you were to do you know more flats get into some weird and harmonic you say B flat E flat and then so and so forth so these are these are relative minors here look for patterns so that's really the key for these things alright let's start with chord progressions all chord progressions and keys have a particular order your one chord is a major Keys first major your one chord is always major okay you write major chords with a uppercase Roman numeral okay your two cord is always going to be minor you write minor chords with lowercase Roman numerals that's what a lowercase Roman numeral looks like you're three-quarters minor your four chord is major your five chord is major six chord is minor and your seven chord is diminished that little circle means diminished that's not a six it's a should be a circle okay so this is always your pattern of chords in a major key now you'll notice one four five or major so if you're doing a blues you've got one C okay four five one okay that is those are the chords that are in a blues now if you're playing a a jazz blues you might have more chords than that but here playing a a rock blues you know they might all be seventh chords we'll get into that after your two three and six chords are minor chords okay so if did I wait to memorize them in group so I say major one four five minor chords in a key and your major key are two three and six and then there's a diminished chord which is your seventh chord talk about the use of that okay these are major keys this is important minor keys are not necessarily as important but if you if you took if you took the relative minor which is really starts on the sixth degree and you make that a one and you do the same pattern it comes out in the same way okay so that'd be the one course or one your minor one would be like this one then two chord would be diminished those your minor key this would be major this would be minor right minor four minor five major six six and this would be a major with the seven that so this is your relative minor key there okay so you got major keys and relative minor keys do this major minor once you have the major key memorized the minor key just starts over right here I see some there thanks Rick for doing theory basic videos there you go awesome I appreciate that and your guys are welcome to use what's it called chat donate to the chat I figured it's go super chat that's what it's called okay so these are major and minor keys those are the those are the the degrees the scale degrees that we have in them so anytime somebody says oh it's a you know it's a six I'm sorry it's a four one six five in a key well if you know the notes in a scale and then you know the scale order then you know you just plug them in okay so let's just do that let's say that we have the key of C major okay now let's say our chord progression or let's just fill it in first okay we'll follow the pattern one chord is major so that's C 2/4 minor so that's D minor three chords minor E minor four curves F major five chord is G major it's six chord is a minor and the seven chord is being diminished well how did I know that because I know all the notes in the C major scale because I've already memorized the circle of fifths okay so you just plug it in with any key let's say I'm in the key of B flat major okay I've memorized in my circle of fifths there are two flats in the key of B flat major B flat and E flat okay so when I go writing mine eight letter names down I'm going to write the letter names down first B flat C D E flat right F G a then you go and you fill in with her major minor this two is minor three is minor major major my there you go done okay uh and it would work like this you could say if you want to see it like this two three four five six seven this is this called Roman numeral analysis it's also the nashville numbering system if you say ah let's say hey guys we're gonna play i'm on a session in Nashville and I'm in a demo studio and a guy comes in and I'm the special session leader and they start playing the track and I'm listening I go okay that's the four chord that's the 1 chord that's the six chord that's the five chord okay and we're in the key of B flat major alright so I'm I'm the leader so I write out a lead sheet and and I say for court so we're in b-flat major whoops and I go for chord which is gonna be flat one chord is b-flat six the sixth chord is G minor and the five chord is f major so Nashville guys are not going to write this down they're just gonna go for four one six five you can do that very easily for 165 you don't have to use the Roman numerals that's the natural numbering system right there that easy same thing okay uh what makes this what's good about this is that it if they want to change the key you in Nashville know people when they make their demos they already know it it's gonna sound like but a lot of times you'll be on a gig and the singer might say you know what I my voice is killing me can we do it down a half step oh yeah of course or can we do it down a whole step well once you know what the keys are and you know what the Roman numerals are here the numbering system you can just transpose you just know you know if you're in the key of C and you say well what is four one six five in the key of C right well F is the four chord C is the one chord a miners assist chord G majors the five chord okay so once again this is just memorizing so these are major and minor keys very important okay now so in order to know this though you have to have your circle of fifths memorized okay because none of this works if you don't know what notes are in each key okay you can't figure out you can't do the natural numbering system nothing that's basic information all this information is built upon itself now let's talk about building basic chords we start with triads which are three note chords triads okay if you take a scale a C major scale so I have a piano right here that's a C major scale thank you very much I see that Mike appreciate that alright so if I take the first note third note and fifth note of the scale okay one three five when you peoples's you hear people say one three five that's pretty much what they mean they mean that you're basically skipping it okay that's a C major chord but they have particular we always will talk about the the the numbering based on a major chord this is the way that it's easy to memorize so C major equals the note C E gene that tells you that those notes are in a C major chord thank you mark free shaded so c e g make up a c major chord it doesn't matter what order they're played and they can be played they can be played as as single notes if he play em if I play them as single notes or as a chord it's C major that collection of notes is C major okay and so we go this is the way I do it 1 3 5 now if I were to spell AC minor chord remember - equals minor well with a minor chord you flat the 3rd you flat that middle note so it's gonna be seeing flat G ok so here's your C major C D G then he's gonna move down to E flat that is C minor ok 1 flat 3 5 ok the other two chord types are your C diminished which is one let me write this down actually 1 flat 3 5 and then you have C diminished which is C E flat G flat ok well what is that that's 1 flat 3 flat 5 I took my C major chord I lowered the 3rd and I lowered the fifth down a half step that's a C diminished chord and once again doesn't matter what inversion it's in any order of those notes is a C diminished chord ok and then the fourth one is C augmented the plus equals I've mented the circle equals diminished and that's gonna be c e g sharp 1 3 sharp 5 ok these formulas I have a mug for in my store which is 20% off everything in my store is 20% off today and the code is RB 216 today's date ok but I have mugs in there that have all the Triad formulas all the formulas of the major scale the melodic minor scale the harmonic minor scale the a harmonic major scale and the double harmonic major scale so all the other modes and all the formulas of all their modes so when you drink in your coffee in the morning and you're look at your mug you say oh boy I know what an Augmented chord is or I know it as a suspended chord we're gonna get to those in a second these are your basic four chord types that you find in major minor keys particular mining keys demented chords you you you find in melodic minor in harmonic minor you don't find it in the major you don't find it natural minor and you don't find it in the major scale for the major keys okay so your other types of chords are your suspended chords you guys have heard you seen sauce you ever see something that goes like this C sus for that so stands for suspended it doesn't mean sustained a lot of people think it means sustained I see those uh the chat super chats thank you guys for that really appreciate that so si sus 4 means that the third is suspended so the third the middle note of the chord the e becomes suspended that's why you hear I just had a suspended and I've resolved it so see major right it's a lot of times you hear that in the middle of a song or at the end of a song or you could hear oh never talk about that in a second a CSS for is C F G or 1 4 or 5 now don't get confused it's not a one four five progression it's the first note of the scale the fourth note of the scale in the 5th note of the scale okay if you have a sus to see sus - these are all common things it's gonna be C D G or one two five that's a suspended two so if you take a C major chord and you move it down thank you for that donation there appreciate that I'm sorry can't read those have my phone I'm using here so I see sus 2 is C D I'll go look at him after C d gz c sus 2 and these things work really nice you know [Music] you hear it a lot in you know you know all over the place substitute words are really common they sent really cool when you put a different note in the bass okay so that's a CSS - well then you have chords that people like me use like a see Lydian chord see Lydian ly D Lydian comes from the Lydian mode we're not to that you don't necessarily need to know that right now that equals one or I'm sorry C F sharp G this is one sharp four five okay Celie and try it that would be this now C Lydian try it is a great sound you think of it as like a suspended sharp four so I went sharp four to the third down to this us - these are really really great because oh yeah that's happy that's some heaviness a lot of times like you'll see dream sequences like a watching Toy Story yesterday which I love Taurus three three which is one on best Pixar movies and there's this dream sequence that happens and it's I have to think about this here it starts like it starts on b-flat it's that a dream sequence put it yeah it's kind of a dream it goes from B flat seven to G major two goes from G major to a defect reconnect okay we're back are we back yeah we're back sorry about that my Internet's been weird today buffering okay we're back we're good so I'm gonna do it again B flat seven G major D flat Lydian those Lydian chords are really cool they can be used a lot of different ways you know you can go like a I did appear right or you'll hear something like anybody that watched HBO about 15 years ago six feet under the first chord is a flat Lydian is the E flat Lydian track so one sharp four five b-flat a d-flat okay e flat major it be B flat Lydian whoops has a great great sound to it yeah it's used in film scoring all the time and a lot of times that Lydian that sharp four will resolve will resolve down to the third okay so that's a Lydian try they're they're incredibly cool those right there those triads are very important to know there's other ones but those particular ones though there's one more there's a C Phrygian triad which equals C D flat and G 1 flat 2 5 this has that flat to this is worried a lot of your metal comes from a lot of metal music that's based you know that the people have written over the last I don't know 30 years or so we use those flat to kind of sounds but you know they be [Music] Metallica uses a lot of flat - to open you know I mean every every metal band that's not Italica like every millions of bands if flat - is really pulls you down to the tonic ok 1 flat 2 5 that's called the Phrygian triad Lydian pulls you up to the 5th Phrygian pulls you pulls you down so pulls you down to the tonight Lydian pulls you up to the fifth all right so that's that's your other tried you have to notice so the ones you got to know are and you just rewind this or get the B out of book it's got all of them then you can just open it up and and and research it rb2 sixteen twenty percent off and anything in my store but here's the one you have to know major minor diminished augmented sus two sus for Lydian and Phrygian triads okay f goes memorized the formulas with them major one three five minor one flat 3 5 diminished one flat 3 flat 5 augmented one three sharp five I like to group them this way though I like to put major and augmented together and minor and diminished I'll tell you why Thank You Eduardo very much very much major and augmented are easy to memorize because from major you just move up the v up a half step you oughta meant it okay when people talk about augmented they mean they're talking about the augmented the sharp five okay major augment it's this one three five and then when you go from minor to diminish you flat the fifth [Music] diminish to diminish something you it contracts that's how you remember remember it so you flat the fifth augment you raise it you you make it larger so that fifth moves up a half stuff okay so so those are the Triads those formulas you really need to know okay this these are really the basics of music theory key key centers the the basic triads that go in a key and how they're constructed chord progressions okay one four five four one five six you know so that the formulas are those you don't need modes nothing like that and then seventh chords would be the next thing to know but you don't necessarily need to know seventh chords there's there's one seventh chord you need to know as you're facing straight dominant seventh chord okay that that in the key of C the dominant seventh falls on the five chord that these turns dominant or tonic that you've heard these relate to scale degrees okay and they always go in a particular order the last thing I'm going to cover here okay so fix that these are what you call the scale degree names scale degree I'm wearing my glasses right now and it's really weird looking through them because I don't wear them that often and it's very weird okay your scale degree names your one chord is the tonic so your the tonic then talking about the one chord your two chord see these things all work together is the super tonic I'll separate the words here so it's easier to memorize your supertonic your three chord is your mediant i mean i and ii right yeah your four chord is your sub-dominant it's weird right if you don't I don't write very often how many of you guys write very often thank you George appreciate that anybody that I've missed here on the super chat I'll go back and look here your five chord is your dominant see I'm using those Roman numerals dominant your 6th chord is your but medians and your seven board here where the diminished is your leading tone because it's leading you back to the tonic okay leading tone to the tonic okay so when somebody mentions the dominant oh it's the dominant of the key that means it's the five chord if they say it's the super tonic it's the two chord the sub-dominant it's the four chord the but the common ones that you hear a tonic sub-dominant and dominant those are the common ones II that you really should know the names of the other ones they're not not that important that's only when you start getting into a little bit more advanced theory that you want to understand those things but as you can see these all relate these Roman numerals all you need to do is have that circle of fifths and you can plug these things in so if I'm in the key of D and I know all the notes of DD has 2 sharps F sharp and C sharp I just write them here D major E minor right cuz that's minor F sharp major or I'm sorry F sharp minor G major a major B minor C sharp diminished ok how do I know that because I just look at my Roman numerals diminished minor my major major minor minor major right and I know the notes in D major d e f sharp seat the right F sharp and C sharp or sharped D e F sharp G a B C sharp so D major E minor F minor G major a minor a major beef B minor C sharp diminished it's easy for you to say oh who is that 49 oh man dab you're the best you're the best Michael awesome appreciate that so much okay so this is these are the basics of music theory to know with that dominant chord the very last thing I'm going to cover the dominant when you hear the term dominant seven they're just talking about a set like in the key of C the five chord so it's five seven you do that right five seven that's your five chord your dominant chord dominant seven or like this five seven in the key of C it would be g7 okay and they would have the notes G B D that F is your seventh one three five and it's a flat seven because interval from here to here is called a minor seven you don't necessarily need to know that right now that's where you start to get into more advanced things so but that would be that would be a g7 chord one three five right major chord and then put a flat seven if I had a major seven it would be that okay and all the all of the seventh chords are derived from that really diamond seven major seven minor seven minor major seven minor 7 and so on your major said you could be a major seven or five so on so forth that's that's very very advanced that's it those that's those are the basics of music theory that everyone should know the circle of fifths which gives you what notes are in every key okay the what two chords are in every major minor key one four five or major in a major key one four five or major two three and six or minor sevens diminished don't worry about minor keys even now you're how do what the formulas of triads are major triad one three five minor triad one flat three five diminished triad 1 flat 3 flat 5 augmented triad one three short five and then you have you're suspended for suspended two Lydian and Phrygian okay and then the last thing is are your scale degree names tonic supertonic median sub dominant dominant sub mediant leading tone out of those you should know the tonic the sub-dominant and dominant and that's it so that's that's pretty much all the basics of music theory covered in 37 minutes but if you really want to learn them and be able to look at them get to be out of book it's incredibly helpful anybody that follows my channel for things like music theory film scoring anything like that and by the way a lot of people don't know because I've done a lot of the things you know what makes this on great things like that but my channel is really a music theory music History Channel and and music production ok music production songwriting but the basis of my channel I have 613 videos including this one and I'd say you know a lot of them are music theory based things like that you can always go back and watch early ones but I decided too because people don't like to go back and watch old videos and frankly my video production has gotten better from having a nicer camera and but it's it's good to go back and watch these things but I wanted to put together a simple video here that anyone can watch thank you very much urban fella appreciate that I want to put together a video just a simple video everybody can watch and say ok understand the basics of music theory here ok this is stuff that everyone should know you guys are the best subscribe here if you haven't subscribed go check out my my funny video where I was talking about the new ariana grande song don't be offended I was good I was I was basically making it was a comedy video based on the fact that the hi-hat is too loud in the track compared to the rest of the songs on the same album ok so and everybody the comments section is hilarious but I'm that condemning I love pop music I know all my friends that are jazz or classical musicians think it's weird but I'm a music producer and I've been doing it for 25 years I appreciate simple songs and I appreciate really creative production because it's not easy to do this stuff even with the 10 writers and everything that are on there and I was making fun of that that there's 10 writers and three producers on all these songs but but there is an art to that even if you think that the music is drek there's always I try to find the positive thing in there to learn from I'm not on here to bash styles of music or anything I'm here to teach you what you're hearing always know what you're hearing urban fella thanks awesome you guys are the best we'll talk later thank you check out my Instagram Rick Beato one I put stuff up there all the time I don't have that many Instagram subscribers but I do put some cool stuff up

Channel: Rick Beato

Views: 125,373

Keywords: Rick Beato, music theory, major scale, everything music, guitar chords, music theory 101, jazz theory, chord progressions, modal scales, jazz improvisation, jazz scales, chord analysis, chord construction, scale construction, key centers, circle of 5ths, circle of fifths

Id: c9d26tpvA4U

Length: 40min 0sec (2400 seconds)

Published: Sat Feb 16 2019