MPLS Fundamentals - I

hi my name is Lauren Rotarians from micronics Network in your training where we conduct CCIE and other Cisco classes I was flattered when Cisco learning networks asked me to do this little presentation for you all so I'm going to take a small example about official sergeich for CGI - which is version 5.0 and walk you through LDV configuration so let's get going so let's say we have 4 gravity so we have r1 r2 r3 and r4 and these matters are connected to each other via ethernet so I keep in a connection between these routers so I'm going to throw this line in the middle of these routers to identify what happens in the control plane and what happens in the data so anything a block is mine will identify the control plane and anything below this line will I identify of the day so rather one has this loopback interface with an IP address of one Devon Devon that 1/24 another one was to advertise this prefix to rather two three and four so you don't for us to do that we need a routing protocol so here we have choices wicked use read the entry RT o sv f or even high science but it happens to be that in the core of our MPLS Network we typically used and link state routing forever such as is is or OSPF why because they take on whatever else have te or traffic engineering capability so let's say over here in this discussion we're going to use low SPF so I'm going to run Westy F in the control now what does always bf do for us OS we have populates the routes in the red grabbing information in this discussion our focus is gonna be on this network in this network only so SPF will populate that into routing information base already now once the control plane is done with that every brother in this set apology knows about them for 100 1.0 now what table do I look at in the data plane - for the packet to work one up and up on the one here we're going to have to use forwarding information base and notice fail or for information base runs in the data field over here here and of course here now from 20,000 feet it's safe to say we're in secular assume that fear is combination of red and layer to tail once again this is from 20,000 feet we're not going into my new details so from here on if rav4 receives an IP packet he's going to have to check the content of failure so let's test these connections how do we test them let's say I'm standing over here and I'm paying $1.00 so if I say 1 1 1 1 1 4 is going to receive an IP packet when it receives an IP packet is the content of fit freak will tell about four to answer that additional things go to this next half rather three gets an IP packet each X the content of fit v is going to tell about a three to exit out here go to this next up like guilders now that is going to receive an IP packet is gonna check the content of v and v will tell this guy to exit out of here go to this next hop IP address and rather one is going to get an IP packet another one gets an IP packet will tell it to exit out of loopback interface and you're there so we saw a very simple and predictable behavior so now let's say you want to run ladies now why are you eyeballin on labels we'll talk about this a little later here we have choices as well we have an obsolete choice which is called tag distribution portable or keeping B or we have an industry standard that a choice is called LD label distribution protocol now live or a label distribution protocol or LED runs in the control just like Ostia now that does help if you do for us Ltd populates the labels in a table called live or let live label information news now this time LDP will do a router table lookup and will originate with a sign and label to each and every route it's easy the routing table then what I do is we'll take the ID to label binding and we'll put that binding in a special table called live information now in many ways helping me reminds me of SPF now in websphere initially we'll do a demo discovery once we discover a directly connected neighbors then we can establish lowers we have adjacency with these neighbors we do the same thing in LP in LBP we do a neighbor discovery in that process we use UDP 646 as the source and as a destination and once we discover these neighbors then we're going to establish milk in this session with these neighbors in that process we're going to use TCP 646 now how do we configure SPF in a global config more rigorous a router always be at the process and we're going to use Network statement to run boys VF on the links that interconnect the routers now we do the same thing in configuring LVD in a mobile complete mode I'm going to configure the routers with anger label protocol LGD and I'm gonna run a OTP on these things using MPLS ID correct for example right one on this interface Ogata 100 use MPLS ID and these two interfaces around two are going to MPLS like me and we'll do the same thing on these two interfaces of course configure MPLS I peed on this interface now in SPF we have our not ready if what is not statically configured you'll take the numerically highest IP address of any new back notice if one does not exist it will take the highest IQs configured on that device well lgt does the same thing LTP go through the same process to choose an honorary but how do we configure router IP ospf we're going to grab our SPF and we're going to say matter - ID and we're gonna use an array in OSPF the rattle ID is not an accurate us I would say my rabbi D is zero zero zero one Corrado one two for attitude and slow for zone but in LDP the matter I need is an IP address and it must be reachable it must be reachable for these guys to establish an early recession now in some ways this LDP reminds me of the old frame relay now in for every day we were using galaxies in LDP we use labels in family the first usable Delsea was there C 16 and a very much fusible del C was 1007 that if we were using Cisco in LTP the first usable bangle is once again 16 and that last usable label is 1,048,576 why - 50 just like a friend DNA where the LC 0 to 15 were reserved in lv d labels 0 to 15 are reserved so let's talk a little bit about the labels so any point is more if we go with the default behavior these routers will assign the very first label to this prefix here the first usable label is 16 which means rather magnitude 60 run to the 216 so Gladys 3 & 4 now when we first study LEP this can be pretty confusing even though it doesn't really matter and labels are globally significant but it can be confusing with 16 was originated by rich model so for that reason I'm going to do is I'm going to range these labels how do we lay these labels I'm going to go through three more of these routers and I'm gonna say MPLS label range 100 to 199 or I won 200 to 99 or rather three $359 for an obviously four hundred and four ninety-nine for now how do you do this so if you see a label in the lid if you see a label in this range you know exactly which LSR or label switch router originated of it now we will do this in the real world environment if any we wanna extend the range now you cannot extend the range more than 1 million forty eight thousand five seventy five so what am I saying about extending the range on a low-end Cisco routers such as 37:25 2811 1840 ones and human 1900s the might be for the labels scarf you see Steve and they go all the way up to the hundred thousand for example if I remember this correctly on a sixty five hundred switches it starts with sixteen and it goes to three hundred and fifty three thousand but that doesn't mean that this is all these guys can do we can actually use this command to increase the range from their default range to their maximum about allowable value how do we do this when we go above apologies rather for a switch we will say MPLS label range space 16 if you put a space question mark you will see that the last allowable value is 1k deal 48556 and how these labels are advertised so let me wipe this for a little bit so here right away or LED hoodies have it back he'll put the very first label and we'll hopefully assign that leg remember we have ranges ladies gratitude will assign the very first label of you on red locally rather three will have label 300 and we're talking strictly what happens in the leg rather floor will you stay for 400 once these routers assign labels from to this prefix they're going to start advertising these labels to each other for example in this case red one is going to advertise this label to run too from ragged-tooth prosthetic since someone we want to it gave me that label from his perspective label 100 will show up as a remote if I check the lid of this wrap unless these routers will only advertise the labels that pay originated in this case round two will advertise label 200 and light with a rather feeble advertise label 302 or four now that the labels are propagated we need to test this to test this we need to use and table in the they are going hard now how does it how does can we get our fear if we take faith and put it in a blender with play it's going to give us else so we can have healthy in the there so now we have two tables in the database so from here on if you receive I'm gonna check the content of faith if I receive a little packet we're going to check the content of elf so let's go through this let's test this so once again I'm going to stand over here and I'm going to be decide here goes so when IP router for receives an IP packet so rather force project the content of it if I freeze this process and I would run for and web show IP set one dot dot one dot 0 / 3 4 space detail it will tell me that I'm going to post a for 300 I'm going to send you out of this interface I'm going to send you to this next time so now what we have is an IP packet that came in ninth will leave as a label palette so another three receives a label packet is going to have to check the content of healthy LP will tell this router that if you come in with a top label of 300 I'm going to swap you with label 200 I'm going to send you an additional face to this next hop now rather who's going to get a label packet it's going to check the content of healthy alex says if you come in in the label 200 I'm going to swap it with label by my bread school a to 100 here I will send you out of here to this desktop so now this guy this poor guy since this when I get a label packet he has to lucasz he's going to have to check the content of everything pop Leibel now he has a 90 packet now he has to do it recursive look into a fifth or not a recursive loop but another look up in the field and he won't tell it to exit out of here and go on your day so we see the line matter that originated that prefix this poor guy has to do two table lookups so for that reason they came up with this process the process is called can ultimate can automatically send a mass ha this is the up top leaving that or PHP really that rather 2 is going to be my PHP radda radda who's gonna pop the label and give you a key and how does that go let's walk through this so in this case when round one advertises the prefix they would advertise the prefix with a pump action the action is label number three label number three is the set of instructions that will tell the local data store to pop that Lake so now he's going to get it pop so let's see how this help I'm going to be here I'm gonna play Wanda Wanda Wanda one writer for is going to receive an IP packet okay favorable to staff will impose level 300 you will send this guy a dissenter face to this next are these going to get a table with a top level of 300 he will inscribe well elfin table lookup and how people say if you come in with label 300 I'm going to swap with level 200 I'm going to say that this interface to this desktop now obviously rather who's going to get a label back he's going to have to check the content of alpha and F you can say if you come any we label 200 I'm gonna add that label on way out of the set of things to this next up so now this rather rather one will get an IP packet and because of that it does a single table lookup to forward this process is called an alternate how so now the big question 1 or why unique labels let me buy this more and we'll explain why we need plates so that's we have three bottles you are one connecting to R 2 and R 2 connects to our three now the IP addresses over here 12 1 1 0 here router to connect to router using 23 1 this is the 3 2 1 another one has this network 1 0 0 0 / it I recommend to keep the topology extremely simple an IP address e as predictable as possible so your focus goes on the subject map and that's acceptable so anyway let's go back to the server so in here in this case the question is can 101 or in here establish an IV g PP r session with rather 3 if these farmers have full reach ability to each other obviously one over here could establish with rattle three now to another one advertise this network in ibgp two rather three sure why not so if I will show a PD GTR are three undersea that work one zero zero zero now this only means that the control plane worked now let's test the data can privately ping this host understand the answer is no why because it's going to fail right over here rather clue is not aware of mr. this network was advertised in IBG so even though the control plane worked the data value but what's going to happen if we establish and GRE tunnel from here to here and I'm going to establish my hydrogen review session based on the source and destination IP address of the spoon can brothers one and three establish and I need to be pure session with each other and the answer is once again yes camera one advertise this network in ibgp two rather three sure it can the can radically now ping one of our hosts on this map in this case yes why because is going through the farm now what if I told you LDP was nothing but a tunnel so what is one major benefit over here this matter in the middle is going to have two networks it is related as a directly 12 0 and 23 1 0 these two end routers or edge routers can exchange $100,000 take it actually exchange more than hundred thousand drugs and wanna and they struggle in the middle is not good be aware of those routes is only going to have two routes over here and if you look at the MPLS now from emulation perspective do quarter by MPLS is going to be gt3 so what I've done is by establishing this connection my muscle problems when pinky rails are pushed to the edges and the poor router is sitting there just doing little squad now I know that this was a short discussion but if you need to learn more about MPLS I suggest that you pick up a copy of an official certification guide for CCI radicals which is version 5.0 because in that book we have more detailed information about LBP our given MPLS and other topics within the CCR Iran again switch

Channel: Narbik Kocharians

Views: 54,625

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Keywords: Cisco Systems Inc. (Business Operation), cisco, Multiprotocol Label Switching (Protocol), mpls, Virtual Private Network (Software Genre), vpn, networking, micronics, micronicsnetworkingandtraininginc, ldp, routing, narbik, kocharians, fundamentals, Open Shortest Path First (Protocol), ospf, Data, Technology, Management, Security, Office, Training, Information, design

Id: 76FY2OOXVeI

Length: 23min 52sec (1432 seconds)

Published: Mon Dec 29 2014