Hello everyone. In this video we're going to be talking about monitors Now a monitor is the primary output component
of a computer. On a desktop computer it connects
to the computer's video card through a monitor cable and it displays images on
the screen. A computer monitor may have one or several video ports that monitor cables
plug in to. Those ports and cables could be VGA, DVI, HDMI, or DisplayPort. And some modern
monitors may include USB-C and thunderbolt ports. So if you're in the market of getting a new monitor, you need to make sure you get one with the correct
video port to match your video card. Because otherwise you'll end up using adapters or exchanging the monitor. Now an older type of monitor is called CRT which stands for a cathode ray tube, which was the
technology first used in TV sets. These monitors are
bulky and very heavy and they take up a lot of space. And they are no longer existent in the marketplace today. An image is produced on a CRT by using 3 color electron guns.
These colors are red, blue, and green. Which when you combine them, they can produce any color on the color spectrum. These guns shoot beams of electrons on the
screen and create an image that we see. These beams
repeatedly sweep across the face of the monitor many times per second. So it's constantly redrawing the image that we see on the screen. And this redrawing of the image is known as the
refresh rate. The refresh rate is measured in hertz.
So for example, if the refresh rate is 60 Hz then that means that the beams sweep
across the entire face of the monitor, redrawing the
image at a rate of 60 times per second. Today some higher end LCD monitors,
which we'll talk about next, may have refresh rates as high as 240 Hz. Having a higher refresh
rate reduces eye discomfort. I'll also reduce motion blur and it will give you a smoother visual experience. Another type of monitor which has succeeded
the CRT, is the LCD. LCD stands for liquid crystal display. These monitors are lighter, thinner, use less power, and take up less space than CRTs. LCDs are also known as flat panel displays. LCD monitors produce an image on a flat surface by using liquid crystals. A backlight shines through these crystals to produce an image
on the screen. And it uses filters to produce different colors. LCDs
were first used in laptop computers. And now it's the primary
type of monitor that is used today for desktops. In order for LCD monitors to show an image
on the screen, it needs to have a light source, and there are a couple of different types
of backlighting that an LCD monitor uses. The older type of lighting is by using fluorescent lamps. These fluorescent lamps are the circular,
glass, straight tubing types, similar to regular fluorescent lamps that we're all used to seeing.
These lamps emit ultraviolet light that's created when the mercury vapor inside the
lamp is ionized. Another type of backlighting that LCD monitors
use is LED. LED monitors use multiple light emitting diodes that are arranged
in a pattern that displays the images on the screen. Now this is a modern
form of backlighting compared to The older fluorescent lamp backlighting. The advantages that LED monitors have over
the standard LCD, is that it can produce sharper and more accurate colors. Another advantage is that it has a higher
contrast ratio. The contrast ratio refers to the contrast between black and white. The
higher the contrast ratio that a monitor has, the better, because it can produce a brighter
white and a darker black. So for example..if a monitor has a contrast ratio of 1000:1, that
means that the whites are 1,000 times brighter than the blacks. LED monitors also consume
less power, and it can also be made with a thinner form factor. Now both of these monitors are considered LCD monitors but the LCD that uses the LED backlighting,
is considered an LED monitor. So an LED monitor is just an LCD monitor that uses LED backlighting. Now LCD or LED monitors will have 3 different
types of flat panels. These types are TN, VA, and IPS and these will vary in performance,
color reproduction, and price. So the first one is TN. TN stands for twisted
nematic. This type of flat panel works by liquid crystals actually twisting the light
as it comes through. TN is the oldest of the 3 which makes it the most affordable, but at the same time it's also the best as far as performance because it will have the highest refresh rates and the fastest response time. Which makes it ideal for gaming. The response time is the time in milliseconds
that it takes for a monitor to change from one color to another color, for example from
black to white. A very fast response time would be 1 millisecond, as compared to a slower response time of 10 milliseconds. When a monitor has a fast response time, it
helps eliminate monitor ghosting. Ghosting is when an image on a monitor leaves a trail
behind it as it moves across the screen And since TN monitors are the fastest they are
the best at eliminating ghosting when compared to other monitors. However, TN monitors do have some drawbacks
and one of those drawbacks is the color reproduction which are not as good as the other types.
And another drawback is poor viewing angles especially when viewing vertically. A newer and more modern type of flat panel
is IPS. IPS stands for in-plane switching. IPS was developed because of the limitations
of TN monitors. This type of monitor works by instead of the liquid crystals twisting,
like in a TN monitor, the liquid crystals in an IPS monitor will stay in place and are
aligned in parallel with the glass. And because of this, an IPS monitor will have a better
and more accurate color reproduction and it will also have a better viewing angle than
a TN monitor So if you were to view a TN and an IPS monitor
on a vertical angle. The IPS monitor will look relatively the same with very little change. But on a TN monitor the image will dramatically change. So as you can see, on a TN monitor, the colors get washed out. But the disadvantages of IPS monitors is that
they are more expensive, they will have a lower refresh rate and they will also have a slower
response time compared to TN monitors. Now a VA or vertical alignment monitor is sort of
in the middle. VA monitors will have a refresh rate and response time faster than an IPS
monitor, but slower than TN. And it will also have a better color reproduction than a TN monitor, but not as good as an IPS. So a VA monitor is basically a mixture of a TN and an IPS. So which flat panel type is the best? Well that question depends on your specific needs. If your profession is in graphics and photography,
then you're going to want the best for color reproduction and accuracy. Therefore you should go with
an IPS monitor. Or if you're a gamer, you need a high performance monitor with the highest
refresh rates and the lowest response time. Then in this case you should go with a TN monitor. Or if you want something sort of in the middle then you might consider a VA monitor. And another type of monitor is OLED which stands
for organic light-emitting diode. OLED is used on monitors, modern smartphones and high-end
TVs. The biggest difference between OLED and LCD is the light source. So as I stated before LCD monitors will either use fluorescent bulbs or LEDs
for backlighting. But OLED monitors are different with OLED each pixel will produce its own
illumination without having a separate backlight. Electrical current is applied to organic compounds
that cause them to glow. OLED monitors are relatively new in the market
place, so they are more expensive. They produce great colors including producing the darkest
black color available today with the highest contrast ratio. A standard LED may have a
contrast ratio of 1000:1, but an OLED will have a contrast ratio of 100000:1
And unlike LCD monitors that use filters to produce colors, OLED produces their own colors
without using filters which is why they are even thinner than LED monitors. OLED monitors will also have the best viewing angles.
So previously we compared a viewing angle between 2 LED monitors, which was an IPS and
a TN monitor and the viewing angle on the IPS monitor was clearly better. But if we compare an IPS with an OLED,
the OLED comes out the winner. So as you an see, there is no loss in the colors when viewing an OLED on a vertical or horizontal viewing angle. The image is identical. Another thing to know about monitors is
resolution. Resolution is defined as the number of pixels that are being used to display an image.
A pixel is the smallest element in an image. The higher the resolution, the
higher the number of pixels will be used. Which means a clearer and sharper image. And
monitors come in different maximum resolutions. So for example, if a monitor has a maximum resolution of 1280 x 720, which is called HD or high definition. Then that means that there are
1280 horizontal pixels, by 720 vertical pixels. Which means that there are over 921,000 pixels that are being used. If a monitor has a maximum resolution of 1920
X 1080, which is known as FHD or full high definition This resolution will use over 2
million pixels. And if a monitor has a maximum resolution of 2560
x 1440, which is known as QHD or quad high definition Then this means that there are over 3.6 million
pixels that are being used. This resolution is also known as 2K. And then there's 4K, which is also known as UHD or ultra high definition. And this will have a resolution of 3840 x 2160 Which means that over 8 million pixels will be used. And then finally there's the aspect ratio. The
aspect ratio of a monitor is the ratio between the width and the height of the monitor. Today the standard aspect ratio is called widescreen. Which has an aspect ratio of 16x9. The 16 refers to the width and the 9 refers to the height, Which means that, for example if a monitor happens to be 16 pixels wide, the height would be 9 pixels. Now before the widescreen ratio of 16x9, there was the standard ratio of 4:3 which was more of a square shape. And this was used by CRT monitors and older LCDs.
Today there are even wider aspect ratios than widescreen, such as the ultrawide which has
a ratio of 21:9 And even wider than that, there's the superwide
which has an aspect ratio of 32:9 So guys if you want to know which monitor that I personally use, I'll put a link below in the description of this video. I bought it 3 years ago and
I've been using it ever since. It's a TN monitor, so it's a high performance monitor. So it's very fast and it has to be because I use it to record and make these videos. So I highly recommend it. And once again I'll
put a link below. So I want to thank everyone for watching this video on monitors. Please subscribe. Follow me on Twitter. And thank you for watching.
