Menstrual Cycle Phases | Female Reproductive System | Follicular Luteal Proliferative Secretory

hey everyone it's sarah thread sterner sorry and calm and in this video I'm going to be going over the reproductive cycles specifically the woman's menstrual cycle this video will be part of an in klux review series for maternity so if you're studying this section be sure to check out my other videos in this series and as always in the description below or at the end of the video you can access the quiz to review your knowledge on this material so let's get started okay behind me I have the whole menstrual cycle laid out for you and what I want to do is I'm going to walk you through it by cycle day so you can understand what is going on now as a nursing student what you specifically want to pay attention to during this lecture because it's things ass on your exam are the following you want to pay attention to each phase what is happening in that phase and when that phase is occurring specifically those cycle days then you want to pay attention to hormones because tests Club to ask about the hormones like the role of the hormone what it's doing to the body so first let's look at what's going on okay a typical woman's menstrual cycle is 28 days so here we have our timeline 1 to 28 and mid cycle is when ovulation occurs so that is day 14 now the whole roll the whole goal of a reproductive cycle is to reproduce so what the body is doing it's taking your ovaries and your uterus they are working together in case an egg is fertilized and you have the development of a baby that is the whole goal and if that doesn't happen then the cycle will start all over again which monthly cycles women have monthly cycles so that is what why all this is happening and what is going on so what happens is that you will have ovary changes and changes in the uterus and E Faye's each each stage has three phases the ovary will have three phases the follicular ovulation and luteal and then your uterine will have three phases the minstrel the proliferative and the secrete Ettore now some of these phases overlap with each other with a like with a follicular will overlap with the minstrel and proliferative and then ovulation will happen and then the luteal and the secrete Ettore will overlap together because as you're going to see these phases are actually helping each other what's happened with the changes that are going on in the ovaries is actually helping the uterus get prepared for that potential baby that may be formed so let's start with ovarian changes okay we have follicular follicular faith' happen cycle days 1 through 13 and the whole goal of the follicular stage is to prepare a follicle to be released a mature egg let the name help you for each stage so follicular follicle that is the big goal of the ovary it wants to mature a follicle in the egg to be released so it can be fertilized and implant in the endometrium so what happens what is a follicle ok you have two ovaries you have your right ovary and your left ovary and you have little fluid-filled sacs in each ovary lots of them a woman is born with lot of them and they contain little immature eggs and what happens is that your body will release hormones to cause some of those follicles to mature and then you'll release it during ovulation so the body is doing that during the cycle so how does it do it okay your hypothalamus it will release gonna tropen gonadotropin-releasing hormone which will cause your anterior pituitary gland to release follicle stimulating hormone also called FSH and luteinizing hormone LH and these two hormones play a huge role in getting that egg developed and released so what happens is whenever your ovary senses the anterior pituitary gland releasing FSH it starts to stimulate those follicles to grow now several follicles will start to grow but only one will mature into what's called a graphing follicle crabbin follicle is the mature follicle that will release the egg and all those other follicles will die they will not release an egg now as this follicle grows and gets bigger and more mature you will notice if you're charting hormones that estrogen will start start increasing because that follicle is releasing estrogen and whenever estrogen is released it's slowly going as that egg maturing you will have a negative feedback loop from your hypothalamus to the ovary which is going to cause a little dip in FSH and luteinizing hormone because it's signaling to your body the estrogen rises is that that egg is maturing so your body doesn't really need all the FSH and LH right now because that egg is doing its job so you'll have a slight dip but then as that egg matures and it's ready it's ripe it's ready to come out you will have that massive peak of estrogen because it's signaling that egg is ready whenever you have that massive peak of estrogen you will have a positive feedback loop which is going to cause your anterior pituitary gland to release a massive amount of luteinizing hormone called the LH surge LH plays a huge role in getting that egg out of that graph and follicle to go into the fallopian tubes to possibly get fertilized so LH is rolled is the cause the egg to be released to mature and it does this whenever you get that huge surge it's going to break that wall of that graph and follicle that has that much egg and that eggs want to come out of there and then it's going to call that follicle that released that egg that grass and follicle to turn into a very important structure called the corpus luteum now here in the luteal phase you will see what the corpus luteum does it plays a role in secreting progestogen progesterone and estrogen and what those hormones do is it's going to make your body your endometrium specifically receptive for potential implantation of a fertilized ovum so that's what it's going to do now after you had this LH surge about 24 to 36 hours after that surge the egg will be released so you have the surge then a little bit later the egg will be relief now the most fertile days for a woman are about the last five days of the follicular phase and in 24 hours after ovulation so about cycle days 9 through 16 depending on when the woman ovulate and everything because this stuff is not clear cut and dry every woman varies so about 9 to 16 days of the cycle is whenever she is fertile because remember and your LH surge happens 24 to 36 hours and then the eggs release so typically the LH surge can happen days 11 through 13 and then you have the release of the egg and sperm if a sperm is present it can live in the reproductive tract in ideal conditions up to five days so it can be there and hanging out until that egg is released now corresponding with your follicular phase remember we got some uterine changes going on and the first phase of the uterine cycle is the menstrual phase and this is cycle days one through six this is when the woman will have bleeding and she is shedding a layer of the endometrium and this layer is called the stratum function Alice of the endometrium and what's happened is that lot last cycle pregnancy did not occur so the protest region and estrogen levels dropped that caused the body to cycle all this back over so hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone then causes the anterior pituitary gland to release FSH LH which is going to start stimulating those follicles and the menstrual phase is happening during the follicular phase all this is working hand-in-hand so after about 1 to 6 days we will go into the proliferative phase and this is cycle days 7 through 14 so here in the menstrual phase she shed the layer now the goal is to rebuild the stratum function Alice in case the egg is fertilized and it needs a place to implant so it can grow which is in the endometrium so it will start rebuilding how does it rebuild it rebuilds with due to estrogen being secreted and where as estrogen being secreted from that growing follicle that's fixing to release the egg because it knows hey a mature egg is coming we've got to get ready we've got to rebuild this layer in case it implants so it's working hand in hand and also that estrogen will cause you know the layer to rebuild but it also will affect the cervical mucus will cause the cervical mucus to thin become more sperm friendly which a sperm does present at the thin mucus will allow it to migrate easier easier to the fallopian tubes for potential implantation okay so we've had our LH surge we're now on day 14 and this is the ovulation phase of the ovarian space so we have ovulation the egg is released after LH surge now the ovum it's now called an ovum it's released into the - neil cavity then it's swept into the fallopian tube with the help of the fimbriae the fimbriae have cilia on them and these will cilia act like little fingers and move in a wave type motion and whenever that ovum is released from that ovary into the peritoneal cavity the fimbriae cilia get that ovum and sweep it in to the fallopian tube so it can get fertilized and the egg will only live for 24 hours and then it disintegrates now a woman if she's charting her basal body temperatures she may notice a dip in basal body temperature and then around ovulation and increase 0.4 to 1 degrees Fahrenheit now if sperm is present to fertilize the most common site of fertilization I would remember this is the em and put em Pugh lobe of the fallopian tube the ampulla is most commonly where the sperm and the egg will meet up and fertilization will occur now so let's move to day 15 through 28 rest of our cycle we're in the second half of our cycle we just did the first half we had our midway point of ovulation now we're in the last part of it okay it's called the luteal phase and this is cycle days 15 through 28 it also corresponds with the uterine phase phase changes which is the secrete Ettore which is 15 through 28 as well and again you're going to see they're working hand-in-hand because the whole goal of this whole face is to prepare the endometrium for potential implantation of this hopefully fertilized ovum but if it doesn't there isn't any fertilization of that ovum what will happen is that our cycle will restart again and we'll come all the way back over here and I'll just repeat itself ok so what's happening here is that our corpus luteum has formed remember it's formed from that follicle that released the egg and this is going to act as a temporary endocrine structure that is going to help support pregnancy it is very very interesting how it works so I'm the endocrine what is going to release is a lot of progesterone which is going to play a role in this credit or e phase of the endometrium which um it will cause the endometrium to be receptive for implantation of that fertilized ovum and it stimulates estrogen production which are your two main hormones that keep pregnancy viable and going good so your corpus luteum will stay in place for 14 days and if there was no pregnancy at all and it will disintegrate and turn into the corpus albicans now what will happen is because your corpus luteum is secreting progestogen and estrogen that's its goal and you have no FSH and LH because that negative feedback loop it's suppressed that because we don't want that if we have that or menstrual cycles going to start over and if we have a fertilized ovum we don't want that because we need progesterone and estrogen so if it dies you're going to have a major drop in progesterone and estrogen and the cycle is going to start all over LH and FSH is going to come back now let's say that fertilization did occur well the corpus luteum will stay in place because it has a very important job of keeping that progesterone and estrogen in the system so that fertilized egg can implant into the endometrium so what will happen what causes it to stay in place is that the embryo will start to release HCG which is human chorionic gonna troponin which is what pregnancy tests pick up and this prevents the corpus luteum from dying so it will stay in place and the corpus luteum will stay in place until the placenta takes over and your placenta produces massive amounts of progesterone and estrogen to keep the pregnancy and it will take over the placenta will take over at about 8 time and then your corpus luteum has done its job and it will die so that is the menstrual cycle now be sure to go to my website registered nurse or en comm and take the free quiz that will test your knowledge on this material and don't forget to check out my other videos in this series and please consider subscribing to this YouTube channel

Channel: RegisteredNurseRN

Views: 748,369

Keywords: menstural cycle, follicular and luteal phase, follicle stimulating hormone, female reproductive system anatomy and physiology, female reproductive cycle, female reproductive system anatomy, menstrual cycle animation, menstrual cycle khan academy, menstrual cycle hormones, menstrual cycle in woman, menstrual cycle explained, menstrual cycle phases, menstrual cycle physiology, follicular phase, proliferative phase, secretory phase endometrium, luteinzing hormone

Id: lVPQ_w7ZUTA

Length: 15min 33sec (933 seconds)

Published: Thu Dec 29 2016