Making a Map Using QGIS

hi and welcome to this video tutorial on the basics of making a map using GIS in them this video too I'll be looking at using qgs there is another video where I'll be looking at using ArcGIS pro so you can choose which video to watch my name is Aspen homes I am from the Department of people and technology at Oscar University Denmark so let's get started what I would like to do is I would like to take you through the process of coming from nothing to being able to produce a map like this one so this one is a relatively traditional map it has what we call to map frames one of Europe and one of the world different scales different projections so different ways of making the round or a flat we have legend well and made some modifications to it there is some base text and there is a title so these components are typical of what you'll find in most maps for more the colors on the in of the countries is given by the GDP per capita so it's a calculated value and also that I've been given given the background countries a country or color so different things that you will find in many different maps if we look at the genome process of what is it how do we make a map so however here we have our final map both map frame under map frame and scale bars and legends so that's the output as input we load some data and we'll do some things to that data you can see that there's two parallel processes so one for each of our map frames and they more or less follows the same workflow so we load some data if needed bill filtered so get rid of something we don't want we might want to do a transformation of data in our case be calculated from the GDP we calculated GDP per person so we're to transformation there we'll do symbolization so give them colors according to what values we want to work with and finally we will arrange our map frames we decide it's projections to use in them but soon we want to avoid provide the extent if it what grids on them if which layers would be on top of each other things like that as you say this is a absolute overview video I'll have videos for all as all of these processes some of them even more than one video so this one will just give you the idea and my dears that try and follow along it's me so that you can download the software and you can download the data and you'll probably learn the most if you just try and follow along do something maybe work for now and you're depending on what you want so this is the process but before the process in the GIS can start there is a process before that named acquiring the data so how can we get hold of the data we want to work with in this case people working with a data set called natural earth I'll be using this data set in in several videos so might be a good idea to download it it's a relatively large data set of 260 megabytes but it covers a whole of the web so you can work wherever you want you don't have to work for Europe as I'll be doing the link is here it will also be in in the description underneath the video and once you go to the website there is this download your package function that you can choose so you go to the website and then you choose this download to your package it will download a file to your computer in my case I have downloaded it to my download folders so here I have already downloaded and I've gone this is the content of the file you download it has a little read me with this is go and beat the website it has a version number so you can see which version of the software or the data you've downloaded and then this is folder packages and then this one there's this this one package this dpkg geo package it's a data format is OK on disk database so it contains lots of data and can be used in both q keys and rjs so if you choose this one we can copy it and you can then move it to somewhere I just made a ma folder in my download folder for GIS data and I'll just paste there you'll probably paste it somewhere else but that's just for this video it's nice to have it there so now I've got the data now what I really need to do is I also need to get the software so qgs you can go to their website yeah and you can go and say download if you're working with Windows you've got some options if you just want to work for curious and not lots of our open source software and don't want to have it updated in strange manners go for this standalone installation you'll probably need the 64 bit most computers nowadays are 64 bit there are some different reasons are wanting afraid to two bit you can if this one doesn't work try that one if you are into a bit more nerdy things you can download this one and you gives you many more element is to choose from if you're on the Mac that's just one file to download I guess it well there's two really there's this long time and is the latest stable version now absolutely recommend is taking the latest stable version the long term is mainly Forgan ization they don't want to update the software every mod for two month so depending on what cuke is this update circle is so town of one of those and it gets started so once you've got all of this you will have if it's in the Windows you will have a a start thing called qgs somewhere down here boom boom boom Mel has been you guess so here we have the qgs folder and here we have a different thing well be needing is the desktop and you might be interested in using the desktop will grass it made me work with raster data more advanced analysis we don't be using that in this lecture they are exactly same as this has a wee bit more in it if you choose that one so we'll just take this standard desktop I've dragged it to my start go up here so you can just choose it and start it the first time we started it will come up as a welcome and let's get started things like that and create some settings I have started this one before because when it starts first time it's installed it in Danish and maybe you don't want to read the Danish menu said I don't like Danes menus so I I have this one in setup to English so the only difference from the basic start to this one I've got here is that I've changed the language of the menus so that's the only difference so the idea of cuba's is that we have a browser window we have a layers window where we have the different layers that we work with so remember back to our slide here we have this concept of layers of the Beco into each of these things becomes a layer so we have our layers down here is once you start working you know here if we have had projects already this will be our recent projects and as soon as you start working it will be on that display area so in my case I stored my day I should say all of this can be configured I'll have a video on configuring the basic start of the cue gizmo windows you have and why if you lose your windows or anything you can always right-click out here in the white space of a menu and you can then choose so the browser panel if that goes away you can choose that here so but let's set a stop in our download folder and you know download folder with this cue data folder and in here we head out well national birth database and here we have lots of files they'll call ng for natural Earth and then there is 10 million so they are data that are appropriate for working at a scale of 10 mil and that's the most detailed of natural earth status there is a ng 110 million so that's the coarsest of them so me to book at a scale of 1 to 10 million and then there's these immediate 1 which is a 1 to 50 million so depending on which scale you want to make your map you choose the data set that matches you might say me why not use the most detail 1 or basically if you have a whole map of the earth and you have lots of small islands I just become back dots and don't look nice on the map at all so don't just be greedy and say I want the most detail think about which scale you're going to produce your Apple and choose a data set that matches that scale so if I want to make a a on my map from this exercise here I want to start out with this data frame down here the whole world so that would be a very coarse data set so I would go for the one to one hundred and ten million and I need some layers I'll need some countries I'll just drag them into this area here which is becomes a map area and I want to have some background so for that I will choose the oceans a little bit agree where do I have there okay so now I've got two layers down here in this case it doesn't matter which one is on top of it rich because there's no there's no overlap between countries and oceans in this data set so don't need to change all around I could do this by just dragging them so now I have ocean underneath but no change here in this case I can now want to say okay I want to go through my process of the data and say do I need any filter is there anything I want to remove from the data set in this case no I want to keep all of the data there so I don't do any filtering then I can do this transformation I can do the transformation as a step for itself or if it's a simple transformation as in this case I can do it as part of a simple ization process and that's what I'll be doing now so in this case I will take my countries and I'll right-click on it and I will choose its properties that brings up a list of things I can do with my layers okay in this case I like this maybe I should show this first try understand if you haven't worked with Geo data before what the idea is so in a data set like this we have a [Music] I just use this zoom function here so if i zoom in on Egypt there we can see that it really is consist of a series of straight lines so there's a geometry that is defined by line segments as far as called Victor data because these line segments are vectors associated with this geometry is some properties or attributes as we call them if I use this little eye tool here and make sure that my country layer is selected so that's actively I'm going to ask a question to and I can now click on this geometry here and it will then say ok I have some derived attributes they are derived from the geometry sources area and center point and so on and there are some attributes which gives the country of the name of this polygon hand it's got this case Egypt it will give me the data I'm interested in here namely the population estimate and the growth GDP in million of dollars estimated and the year of the population was 2017 and the GDP was 2016 well it's always how this data arrived and it's there can be some discussions and then especially for this things that there's lots of different coding systems related so if you want to combine this with other data there's lots of possibilities to do that through these extra attributes down here they're just based on your codes so we have a geometry now column read and that journal entry has associated with different properties or attributes as we'd only call them so I'll use those two attributes GDP and population to do my mapping first of all I just want to zoom out to the whole of the world I can do that easily by right clicking on the layer and choosing zoom to layer they never assume completely out if I want to get rid of that when that indicates I've used I to I just click somewhere well there's nothing and it will disappear so I can go in and I can save properties and I can choose this one symbology so that decides on how the symbols are associated with the the German tree how its collared this case at the moment everything has the same single symbol namely this gray color up here I can choose this case I want to have it as a created color and I would want to have them as alright this type of I can start saying gee like it's falling down so I find my TTP TTP and millions of dollar estimated so if I choose this one and don't do anything leave this as is move natural I saw equal in tools and say classify what it will do is that it has gone out rate five classes or the same interval same width of the interval for each of these classes and for this data set I can say apply and you will see that the map is not really that interesting we have very red China David United States hey say me red India and Japan and then the rest is more less white so this is not so we had China and Japan USA open these and let me add more or less the vestal world open here we can see this distribution if I go into histograms and say hello data you can now see how this is what's called a frequency diagram so in down here we have 104 countries and let me have some individual countries up there so that's not really a very efficient way or for him displaying your data all right you can't convey that much information it's good to say who there are some really extremes and then the rest I know and another classification we might choose their fur is to change this to Protoss equal count so if I choose this I now have five intervals here so each into all will upset twenty percent of the countries of the world so if I say I apply now you can see that we have these coloring so each now there are the same number of countries in each color interval again if I looked at the histogram you can see that we have lots of intervals down here and then a very wide interval for all of the large ones so it conveys more information in the map in this case well it's very much to do the population of the country so what I would like to do is instead of just showing the GDP I would like to show the GDP per capita so in this case I want to do a transformation of my data so I go from GTP to gdp per capita I'm going to do a calculation by pressing this up here this small Sigma and say divided by I can choose it's envelope that I know yeah I can type population and you can see it goes down into this fields and values and it then finds its population estimate to me I don't look like that I hope you can see we'll do a calculation over here we see that this is going to be really small numbers it might because they will be in millions per person that's probably will be two and so we might want to change this to dollars per person so if we do that by multiplying 1 million so now you can see as long as it shows of a sort down here and my calculation is right okay so this is trick check of have I done anything wrong here so I'm fine with this I can say okay go back to my classifier it's now important that I press classify again so it updates into it otherwise the mapping being really weird so now has updated the intervals and I can say apply oh yeah so now we can see strangely enough countries like or areas as and arctica has a very high GDP per capita I will leave that for someone else's discussion of how that can be I will also say okay I might want more classes I might want let's say ten classes so each class is ten percent of the countries I might also want to change this so doesn't have just a red but I want to use a specter which goes from red to blue so red would be countries of a low GDP per capita and blue be countries with a high GDP and being a so now all this begins to look like what I wanted so I can disclose it my dialogue and see that's fine and you don't no need to decide on my symbology for the water this time is somewhat easier because I can just go here if I click on it and use this style and go directly to a star wheel and say this is going to be a bluish color and I will probably want it a bit lighter so something like this doesn't come Flip of any of the colors in my in my scale so good I have now made my first data frame in next step is to tell curious that this is going to be a layers connected and curious this is called a theme it is this in Islam I hear so I can now say add feeb and I've now defined a Fein that says when I go to the world theme I would see these two layers together it's because I now want to add a new theme name the one I'm going to use for Europe that for Europe I want to use a more detailed data set so I'll go up and take the 1 to 10 million and I want to have my countries so then ticka ticka ticka ticka degree yeah I've made countries so I can bring this one into my map you right see that them some small islands that appeared and you know also what the one to ten oceans so that's there so I also wanted these oceans here so I'll just drag ocean land so and that's because they've cut the coastline is not exactly the same in the one to 110 million and to ten million so I need to have the ocean that associated with it I will now turn off my 1 to 1 million and now I'll just have these layers what I would like them to look the same as my two other layers what I can do here is I can right-click on it and in style go in and say copy star and an all-star component then go to my ocean and go style pay style or style components so now it is exactly the same styling and I'll do the same for the countries so I can go style copy style all style components and go to my new one say style pay style on style components so now it has the same in towards and so on as my other data set so now I have got two and what I really want to do now is I just want to be and make a new theme that how are called you good but I only want the EU countries shown so in this case I want to do a filtering so in so we have looked through this we have done the transformation I want to do a filtering to so your you countries I have a list of EU countries and the abbreviation so just copy this list here so if I want to filter I choose a layout to filter and choose the filter value it's a right click filter in this case these codes I have they offer Burbank so these are this bullpen a to coding so I say well Bank a to coding in this case I want to say it was in operator this is a key language called SQL I have a whole video on it so this is a little special way of doing it but is very common with working with jazz menu because you want to mint quite a lot of areas so I make brackets I pasted my abbreviations in same because it move separate by commas and I can do a test I press the test and it will turn that I have 28 countries I have Great Britain in a moment we will see and I can close it and say fine and you will now see that we now have only the EU countries displayed on our screen finally I want to assume in any use I can go and say zoom to layer and that will ensue min we have of course a little African will die out here we all both ignore all that and some of those Atlantic islands and they're zooming to this a part of Europe what I want to do first I want to put a label on my my countries so in order to do that I will again go to properties and then I'll go to my labels and a moment says no labels I want a simple label and again here we have this little Sigma so I can do a calculation so I want to label them with the GDP per person so in this case what I wanted I don't want a decimal value so I'll just say I wanted found it first so this type round and you see it's a asked me for a value and then a number of decimal places how to say zero in a moment so now I want so I want the country the values GDP in population so I go under this fields and values and I can find them down here or I can answer it perform which is easier just type GDP and have this one again I want to multiply it with a million and then I wanted to divide all of this over again it is easier to just say pop up like that population estimate and have a comma and now it says bit how many places you can see this it'll help and I want 0 I don't want to close that off and again here you can see that I done something right because I have a menu down here now only thing I want to do is I want to change how they are placed so I want to have them horizontal and maybe because I have many black plans I might just add a little buffer around them of I don't like it if full just go down to 1/2 like ok so now I will have black text for a little white hello around them I can say apply and see this effect here so I now have labeled my countries so I now have my two different of these themes so I have a euphemism when I'm singing I might just make sure it's updated now I made some changes so I just say update my you theme so I'm quite sure that it is what I'm seeing on the screen and you know I go to my world theme you'll see it changes you can see the mall course date that's it so I have these two elements here I can switch between so now I've made my - what's going to be map frames in my map so the only thing I only need to do is I now need to go in and create compose my map I do this by going to the file menu so in the project menu and saying you print layout hold it GDP world things brought this piece of paper if I right-click on it and say page properties I can change the size of this is a 4 and then scape that's fine with me you want anything else you can change that that then I can insert things this map roll here is the one I used to draw where I want my map so like this stop by placing a map on my on my map frame here over here if I just move this a bit we're gonna do that oh maybe I just have to move out you can see here it says that follow map frame and I'll say this one should be the world like that I can say that it has to be in our project maybe this I can zoom out by if I'm really careful I can use this tool and then I can use my scroll button so something like that just have a of scale and then I can choose fit projection I want that Savannah's getting out of here where this one so which projection do I want to use I would like to use a wrinkle and I like to use the one that's called triple so this one down here world triple so the problem with this one which by default is Mercator is that it's really distorting the area of of countries around the crater compared to those at poles so there's a video on projections maybe go much further into that what this one is but and I say it's a good compromise of different things so I like to use this one for global maps finish for the world and then I want to do the same for you there are some slight treats you have to be aware of here note that I have now I have ocean underneath the landmass and that's because you're going to do some changing of projections and and this dataset sometimes goes horribly wrong I've been doing this so make sure that you have oceans underneath your countries before doing this so I can now drag in my a new data frame for you and like before I can go and choose my projection in this case I will choose as European as many of these European I like to use this lambert azimuthal equal-area which is common for EU projects so I'll use this one and so now we have this standard projection that we use in Europe I might just change the scale so oops that was not very useful let's say I've got Daggett 35-minute bit much sir so okay I want to check move the content inside the frame so I choose this blue one here and I can now move the content so I got a reasonable content inside my my map so I got my to map frames placed and I want to make a legend legend is made not in the composer bar up in the standard curious if you wish so let's click up here doesn't matter which one we really use I'll take this one down here and I will look at how its legend is formatted because before we only changed the colors what I want to do now is I want also to change how these texts are written we've look up in here the legend format what I can do here is I can write from - and you is D okay so now they will all have this format from now I'm not to your United State dollars so done that I can go back to my layout and I can insert a layout or sorry a legend down here it will first of all you can see down here in as a series of layers are already there I now need to deselect this off to update and get out of the way here and then I want to get rid of the layers I don't you oh I can make sure that this won't references map it funnies map to I think that's right let's see what does it say hey my live oh sorry so that's Matt what so that's not to say I want it so what I've been doing is I've been fooling around but what I don't really want to do is that I want to make sure that my legend follows Matt one so going back to my didn't make sure that this one follows met one so it's down that one down that and I can now get rid of this good we don't move me a bit so I'll get rid of that layer by placing them - so I only want those course ones that's one I changed the name one I made the window star I might want to give it a title up here so GDP per capita and if I look at this one I can it has this title there I don't really want that so what I can do is I can right click here and say hide so now the titles gone and finally I would like to and break it into two columns so give it two columns and I'll because it's one layer I have to give it a lot allowed to split the layers so now I've got this nice legend I might want to if I want to know work bit firm and out I want to make sure things lined do that by from the top dragging downward from a mouse depressed so I can say okay I got a line there I want to keep so I'll go up here and drag down and make sure that's a bottle of that one okay go up this side drag in so now you can see I should probably put that down there and I also want to drag in a line just to make sure that things meet up because now I can insert my title so I go to the text box and I drag well I want my title to be and this is again in GDP for 2016 and you see something like that and if you look down in front here I can you know take fun I'll give dialog box but I can change the font thing like that my girls are going just right click here and then go so I predict than the arrow so now I can just increase the font size to something that is appropriate that I might also want to insert a description text so I'll just drag in a larger hair text here on my slides I had pitch from Wikipedia this texture so I'll pitch that in there and paste this here and finally I might want to display where on the world do we have Europe so selecting the world map and then scrolling down I'll just get out of way to the one that is called la Buse and I'll add an overview for my other map so like that so now it shows that this red yeah personally I don't like this layout so I can click down here and on the symbol say I don't want it to be filled so no part in that I want a feel solid line and I want that sort of line to be red and I probably wanted to be a bit thicker so and this who make that match so I want to give this map a frame so Matt - here are your map if I can get another way find this frame and give it a red frame and pick Ryder so we can see that those two belong together so now I've more or less produced the map I started with I hope you like this and hope for a lot longer yourself yeah the only fear no need is I can now save it to all a PDF or a SVG file if I want to work with it in InDesign or I want to work with it in a drawing program and I can make it as a image so I can insert it into a Word document whatever so whenever I want of these format I choose them I just make an image of this call it PNG file I decide on the dots per inch so 300 dpi that is okay print quality so I just say save and it now has hopefully in a moment exported it to a picture file and I can then click on this one and see if it this is my world GDP picture and here we have our map ready for inserting somewhere so thank you for watching if you stayed on for these 45 minutes and I hope to see you in an hour video

Channel: Geoinformatics

Views: 29,246

Rating: 4.923913 out of 5

Keywords: QGIS, GIS, Natural earth, GeoData

Id: zR7r84qbGgQ

Length: 43min 57sec (2637 seconds)

Published: Mon Sep 02 2019