Make a SUPER HIGH VOLTAGE Capacitor

Hi, I want to make my own high voltage capacitor But what is a capacitor? It is basically made by any two electric Conductors placed close to each other with some electrical isolator between them. Like two wires running parallel to each other or two lovers separated by glass. I Love you, too a capacitor stores energy in form of electric fields. If there is a path to place some charges on one side then it attracts the opposing charges through the other path and charges the other side. Now even if I cut the paths it will hold on to its energy and the first popular capacitor that was made like 300 years ago was called a Leyden jar It has quite a simple structure and I also noticed that the king of random Junior made one and I watch the video and Let's just say I don't appreciate misuse of capacitors That's quite rich coming from me, I guess and thanks to circuit specialists. I'll give away two hand tech scopes at the end I mean 200 megahertz two channel scope for [very low price]. What is your excuse for not scoping curves? Let's make a Leyden jar and explain it I took a plastic bottle for vitamin pills and peel the label off because they thinner the wall the higher the capacity I cover the outside of the bottle with aluminum foil as one side of the capacitor plate. Cut the extras Tape the edges with electric tape There Then we put a metal screw or nail at the center of the lead all the way in so you can get into the water in the bottle later I can't put metal plate on the inside of the bottle so instead I fill it with water which is not conductive and Then add salt to it to make it conductive So now the aluminum on the outside and the conductive saltwater on the inside are the two isolated conductive plates of my Capacitor and now I add some length of metal wire to the end of the screw which will help increase the surface Contact to the saltwater and reduce the resistance. Now, this is pretty much done But the actual Leyden jars have a smooth metal sphere at the end of the rod that removes all the sharp edges where the charges can run away from I don't have a metal sphere But I have a ping-pong ball that I can wrap inside aluminium foil and make it as smooth as possible put the end of it around the screw and Cover the rough surfaces with electric tape and we're done. Let's see if I can measure the capacitance According to the meter the Leyden jar is around one-and-a-half Nanofarads, which is pretty small but it's around what it should be Now King jr Used the PVC pipe and rubbed it with paper towel. PVC picks up negative charge and he charged the bottle like this Which is incorrect. Helping me with the material I need for my video. Thanks King What is wrong? A capacitor is a two terminal component: if charges come in from one side The opposing charges need to get in from the other side. The way King jr. Is doing it it is still getting charged but not as the capacitor it is but as Anything can pick up charge like this PVC pipe the outer Surface likes to become positive because the negative charges on the inside of the bottle repel the electrons on the outer surface But they have nowhere to go until he touches the surface Try grabbing the foil and then touching the nail to see if I get a shock Oh? I got a shock just from the foil That's not how it's normally supposed to go But so now the jar has a chance to give out some of its electrons to King Junior's body and become positive while King jr becomes more negatively charged now when he touches the center of the Leyden jar The discharge is not too great because both the center and his body are charged negatively and the remaining energy dissipates through his body. There was a little bit. Oh, a little bit of a shock. Let me show you how to do it properly The outer surface is connected to earth which is also connected through this wire to my body and grounds my body I hold the towel in one hand like this and Rub the PVC pipe against it while passing it over the center of the Leyden jar like this now when I do this the PVC pipe picks up negative charges and places them at the center of the Leyden jar which repels the Electrons on the outer surface into Earth the towel becomes positive So it sucks electrons from earth through my body and becomes neutral again So next time when I pass the PVC through it it can send more charges through. It's basically like I am pumping charges into the capacitor [gets shocked] I'll have to hold my hand a little bit further This is very much the same way a Van de Graaff machine works. Do you hear the charges going in? Okay, let's see if it picked up any charge. [gets shocked more intensely] I forgot to unground myself That was painful No more touching with hand. I made another grounded ball to discharge it. Let's try the different number of strokes I made it darker too, so you can see the arc Okay ten strokes Yeah a little bit. That looked like a one kilovolt discharge Here's 20 strokes Not bad was probably around five kilo volts and here's 50 strokes Wow that was strong maybe around 10 kilovolts Okay hundred strokes Whoa-ho-ho That was like fifteen sixteen kilovolts. And then the King junior tried to charge his Leyden jar using one of those plasma globes Which is very much the same as a Tesla coil, and that wont work either nothing Nothing whatsoever the reason is simple something like a Tesla coil outputs high frequency AC arcs while a Capacitor shorts AC so there wouldn't be any charge buildup on the capacitor Now I want to see how much current it can send through my body So I'm gonna use a one ohm shunt resistor in series with my body so every volt is one amp and twenty strokes or around five kilo volts and measure across the shunt using my scope Okay, twenty strokes, of course This is not going to be super accurate due to the line inductances and the fast nature of the discharge but we'll see Okay ready [agonized yelp] oh **** Wow, it hurts where it goes in and where it goes out to the ground Of course, this is much worse because it's capacitance is around five times larger than a regular discharge a human body experiences So the duration of the pulse is much longer and a five kilo volt on this one can hurt as much as twenty five kilo volt of a regular discharge I like King junior or senior. Try this one and if you look at the plot you see there is a faster spike of up to 12 amps through my body and then the current stays around five amps and discharges slowly to zero in around seven microseconds Here's the screenshot if you want to see more accurately. So although the voltage and current are super high I'm saved by the fact that the pulse duration is very short So the energy is limited. If the voltage is high the current is high. Now this capacitor works but it's a piece of junk. Why? Because every capacitor has an equivalent series resistance or ESR that we try to minimize But this guy has a huge one. The huge ESR contributor of this Leyden jar is the awful conductivity of salt water if I [gets zapped] [curses] Forgot to discharge the damn thing. Let's open it. Now if I measure the resistance between the salt water and the top ball Around three to four kilo-ohms. It's huge compared to regular capacitors with milli-ohm ESR. Now I want to make a high voltage high-capacity low ESR capacitor and for that I bought this which is a desk cover made of "material" I suppose it's some sort of mylar or something I cut two sheets out of it and hopefully there are no punctures on it Otherwise the high voltage will always find a way and arc through and ruin the voltage rating I also cut two sheets of aluminum foil half an inch shorter than the mylar on each side and I'll glue it on the mylar I put some glue on and spread it in a very thin layer Then I stitch my aluminum foil on right at the center And make sure it's completely flat and thin Very nice Then I just tape a piece of flattened wire like this to one corner of this sheet Then I flip it around and glue the next sheet of aluminum right behind the first one Now I tape another wire to the opposite corner of the first wire on the second sheet Okay, we have our basic capacitor, let's measure its capacity At around 5 nano-farad you're already ahead. But now we'll roll this tight this way the layers will overlap multiple times increasing the capacitance much more But now that I think about it rolling it should only bring the outer surface of one Beside the outer surface of the other one. So double the surface area and double the capacitance. Am I wrong? Let's check it. Crap, I totally forgot first I had to put this second layer of mylar. Otherwise, I would short the two layers and now we roll again Ok, let's see what we've got. There you go much smaller than the Leyden jar and it's capacity is around 10 nano farad much more than the Leyden jar and I think it can still do upwards of 10 to 20 kilo volts This will take forever to charge using my PVC pipe though being almost 10 times my Leyden jar if this took 20 strokes to get A decent arc. This will take around 200 Well, I can charge it to 2,000 volts using my microwave transformer through a puny single diode rectifier Let's give it a try Okay, is it charged? Let's see Ouh it is charged! Well not big enough, though I really wish I had a Van de Graaff machine so I could charge it to a million volt or more Maybe I should make one of those [GIVEAWAY TIME] The good people at circuit specialists have provided two hantek scopes to give away to my patrons and viewers I have used this scope briefly before and have seen good feedbacks about it, too So if you are also into scoping curves You can become my patron at patreon.com or sign up from the link in the description for free It is on sale for [very low price]. So, you know how much you can learn by seeing actual waveforms. Do you? [pch puttaputta pch puttaputta pu-pch] [pch puttaputta pch puttaputta pu-pch] [pch puttaputta pch puttaputta pch putta-pch puttaputta pch pu-pch]

Channel: ElectroBOOM

Views: 3,923,980

Rating: 4.9431262 out of 5

Keywords: educational, electrical, ElectroBOOM, electronics, engineering, entertainment, equipment, measurement, mehdi, mehdi sadaghdar, arc, mishap, physics, Sadaghdar, science, test, tools, circuit, funny, learn, shock, spark, discharge, capacitor, high voltage, nano-farad, leyden jar, capacity, capacitive, king of random, do it yourself, diy

Id: xjW-isgOijs

Length: 11min 18sec (678 seconds)

Published: Mon Jun 25 2018

Reddit Comments

[u/melector]

I just realized, I could have charged my 10nF capacitor using my home made taser to around 20kV, or until it would break down. Oh well!

[u/MkVIaccount]

I am so ignorant when it comes to electronics. Some of us see theory and are inspired to find practical uses, but others see practical uses and leverage that to grasp the theory.

As the later, I really enjoyed this video. I can make that. I don't know what I'd use it for, but I could make it. And if I knew what I could use it for, then all I'd have to do is shore up the theory, do some math and away I'd go. I took the time to think and understand your explanations of how the capacitor works, because I could more than just see it in action, I saw it constructed from each necessary component.

I will eat up any other videos in the future like this!

[u/Pikmeir]

This guy's really interesting and entertaining. Unfortunately even though he explains things, as someone without an electrical background I have next to no clue what he's talking about most of the time. Still, fun to watch his videos.

[u/Godofwar28032000]

i don't know whether its is right to ask to u.. is 1F capacitor practically possible, my teacher says it's not possible??

[u/Hydropos]

Cool to see my questions made it into a video :D

One thing I'm wondering is whether the salt water contributes to the polarization and charge storage, rather than only acting as a conductor. I'd love to see more tests with this when you build a Van de Graaff generator.

[u/Mentioned_Videos]

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(1) Replacing My Car Battery with Capacitors! 12V BoostPack Update (2) How To Make A SuperCapacitor - Step By Step (3) How Supercapacitors Work - A step by step guide	+2 - I think your teacher needs to step into the 21st century.. Ok, maybe even the 20th? Or Maybe he just meant 1F at anything past a few voltage? I understand where he is coming from, it does not seem that long ago (to me) when the idea of an affordab...
Wimshurst With Leyden Jars	+1 - Medhi - If you shat out a video a day like they do, honestly, how much effort could you really put into understanding the content that you're "demonstrating"? :P. I demand crappier content shoved in my face daily! More! Feed the Youtube content algor...

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[u/BuhlmannStraub]

Great use of aftabeh!

[u/kaiserfleisch]

I spent so much time building condensers ... but the climate was never good enough to generate charge from friction. Best source I got was the charge after turning on the old TV - charge collected on the screen of the cathold ray tube.

[u/futlapperl]

like two lovers separated by (g/)class

That made my burst out laughing.