Making Super Fast Electrons, Cathode Ray

hi today i'm gonna make cathodic ray or electron gun or you know one of those things that's used in old crt tube tvs that would shoot electron and draw a picture on the surface of the tv well i'm not gonna make a tv just the electron gun right after i clean this mess what that's how engineers work or makers or whatever if their desk is not like this it means they are not working well i've never made something like this before but i might know the science behind it from what i understand you connect a very high voltage dc like 10 kilo 20 kilo volts or higher to something like this which is a point connected to negative called cathode and like a disc with a hole at the center to positive called anode so electrons accumulate over the pointy cathode and this disk becomes positive and if the voltage is high enough electrons start escaping from the cathode and go to the anode and because there is a hole at the center they continue going forward except doesn't quite make sense let me see if i understand see if there is an electron a little bit off-center to the disk say closer to the top side there would be more force pulling it towards the top side than the lower side so it should instead of going straight forward it should deflect up like this in which case you'll just hit the positive anode and goes back to the power supply and for electrons those right at the center that c equal pull from the disk would go straight and continue going straight so from my educated guess every other electron that is a little bit off center would curve and go out like this and i suppose a whole lot of them will just hit the disc is that right i guess we'll test and see like i said i don't have any experience building one of these and why research when i can just build and see what happens anyway i'm gonna use my zvs driver circuit i made a while back my sponsor skillshare an online learning community of professionals gives the first thousand viewers to use my link in the description a free trial of skillshare premium membership you can learn from many different subjects for free during this period with no interruptions after which it's less than just 10 dollars a month on an annual membership so start learning now this circuit creates like 20 30 kilovolts of high voltage dc so i guess i'll just make my anode and cathode and see what happens eh messes with my lights here's a washer i want to use as anode okay here's the anode and cathode let's turn it on and see if i can see any faint trace of electrons jumping between them i can hear it but i don't see anything it might just be the distance between high voltage man it gets you when you least expect it okay let's try again i'm gonna change the gap between the two and see what happens we'll see there is a tiny bit of corona discharge oops maybe not that close i feel a wind blowing on my hand through that holder when there is high enough voltage in air because of the concentration of charges in the terminal the charges jump out and ionize the air molecules around it because of our pointy cattle there is a huge concentration of electrons at the tip that ionizes a ton of air and now the negative air is repelled from the negative terminal same as in my van de graaff experiment away like this they flow to the positive terminal creating wind and they leave their electron on the terminal which means there is electric current the wind will continue blowing a bit past anode let's what's going on someone is not happy down there let me show you the wind see oh it even puts the fire out the wind is so strong wow burn my finger okay i need one of this long type wow why is it shocking me oh well it is high voltage ow what if i put the flame between them it starts on arc right away hot air is ionized and very low resistance for very high voltage for low voltage it's like open circuit well see how far the wind blows through the hole and see if i increase the air gap there is almost no wind if the terminals are further the attraction is weaker and the current is less the closer they are the higher the current high current heats up air that ionizes better and at some points the air totally breaks down creating a low resistance channel that a glowing hot arc runs through i just remembered something in a lot of cases they make the electrode of the cathode glowing hot because in that case the atoms of the electrode start vibrating hard and have a lot of energy and the electrons become much more fluid and it's much easier for electrons to escape maybe i should do that here's how my circuit and transformer is i'm thinking to use a heater element which i'll cut a piece of resistant wire from my hairdryer element and put it there and i want this to be isolated from the rest of the circuit so i'm going to run a single turn of wire around my transformer core to get enough voltage to run enough current to heat it up let's try it here we are i passed the wire through the core and put a piece of heating element at the end and let's see if it can heat it up at all oh this thing keeps arcing here and they're like there is no tomorrow i'll just put a piece of electric tape to isolate it better okay let's try it again well it works but i guess i have to pick a longer piece of wire for more resistance to limit the current so it doesn't melt right away okay here is a longer piece oh there you go here we are folks let's see if the electrons flow much better now oh it's glowing it does seem like it jumps easier now the experiment needs to be done in a vacuum so i guess now i have to buy a vacuum pump stay tuned hey i bought a tiny vacuum pump and i'm gonna use the vacuum chamber i made a while back for my tesla coil just that the ceiling gasket underneath it is broken so i bought one of these silicone sheets that they use for cooking food or something and i'm gonna cut a gasket and put it there just like this let's hope it seals my chamber well here i'm gonna put a balloon in there to see if it expands ready apparently there is a exhaust port that you have to open before turning it on there is a bit of texture on this silicone too maybe that's not helping i'm going to glue this silicone with silicone to the base to make it seal better there we go let's try again well unfortunately the vacuum seal is not that great but doesn't matter let's start testing i place my anode and cathode at a distance of around 9 to 10 centimeters and right now my circuit is on but there is no way for the high voltage to jump across such a big distance see in air the concentration of molecules is so high that electrons jumping out of the cathode stick to them and ionize them that also creates a tiny glow at the terminal then they slowly move to the positive terminal and the electrons jump out that also creates a glow there let's start a vacuum and look for interesting stuff we'll see i see some chrono discharge on the edges of everything look at that okay my power supply immediately jumped to 10 amps okay the vacuum is getting stronger and this is around the maximum vacuum i can get and i have 5 volt 10 amp power supply [Music] in vacuum electrons have no way but to directly jump across the gap without hitting any air molecules so they accelerate to huge high speeds depending on the voltage across the gap they're almost weightless and there's no one to stop them and this is what we call cathode ray or electron beam electrons don't glow on their own but because we typically have partial vacuum the super high speed electrons sometimes bang against the remaining air molecules and the exchange of energy makes the molecules glow now i'm going to increase the energy connecting to a battery that can supply much more current at 12 volts and let's see look at this wow what are those clumps of energy there is there some wave going on [Music] clearly there is still some good amount of air molecules in there that heat up and rise and create this curve back to the 5 volt supply voltage i get a much more uniform radiation although i can't see it in the gap maybe i should have replaced the gas with something that would glow now i connected a tiny heating element there let's see if that makes a difference no difference there when there is no vacuum okay here it is with the 5 volt supply only okay let's turn on the heater oh i don't think it made much of a difference maybe my voltage is so high that the arc itself creates enough heat and i don't need a heating element [Music] like i said atom vibrations in a very hot metal is so high electrons literally fall out of it and that makes it much easier for electron to shoot out when a negative voltage is supplied in fact that's what they use in the old vacuum lamp components that thanks to the heater could run at a much lower voltage like 200 volts a simple diode was like this because electrons were oozing out of the heater there would be electric current if the voltage was supplied this way and not the other way around this time let's connect to the battery wow and turn on the heater yeah yeah it didn't make much of a difference and see when i turn off the heater it still stays heated because of the arc well my vacuum chamber is not perfect and maybe my voltage is too high but now let's do something drastic let's use my marks generator to create hundreds of kilovolts across this thing just that i'm pretty sure at those voltages i would create some pulses of x-ray so let's not do it very long here goes mr marks [Applause] the pulses are very short but the voltage is super high that makes the electrons go very fast and tons of instantaneous current illuminate the entire channel well i was hoping to see some electrons passing the hole on the other side maybe if i had filled the chamber with a bit of noble gas or had some fluorescent sheet to illuminate them anyway vacuum tubes are replaced with modern silicon components thankfully but i'm sure cathode ray has its application in lab settings or some niche cases what the anyway thanks to my sponsor skillshare you can start learning from thousands of inspiring online classes provided by a community of people who like to share their skills with curious and creative people like yourself me yes you you can learn about what interests you on electronics business web design graphic design animation or tons of other subjects don't worry i won't judge you as long as you learn electronics what i like is to improve my video quality so on top of classes on adobe premiere pro or after effects i like classes on how to use proper lighting like introduction to lighting for videography by jordy vandeput jordy makes professional quality content around many different videography subjects and he has quizzes and projects to go with the lessons and again skillshare is an online learning community specifically designed for passionate and creative people like yourself like me yes you so you can focus your attention learning what you like on your own time 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Channel: ElectroBOOM

Views: 2,220,680

Keywords: educational, electrical, ElectroBOOM, science, electronics, engineering, entertainment, equipment, measurement, experiment, mehdi, mehdi sadaghdar, arc, mishap, physics, Sadaghdar, test, tools, circuit, funny, learn, shock, spark, discharge, cathode ray, electron beam, marx generator, generator, tv tube, vacuum tube, vacuum chamber

Id: HWVfGTSiooU

Length: 13min 29sec (809 seconds)

Published: Mon Jan 25 2021

Reddit Comments

[u/snowmanspike]

I love this guy!