LTE Architecture

good morning in this lecture of lte we will discuss lg network architecture so topics will be covered today are lte architecture lte radio interface and lt core network so lte that means long-term evolution rr 4g networks main aim of this is high mobility so for high mobility you want to reduce the complexity of the network so this become our main aim that means to reduce complexity of network this complexity can be reduced by reducing the number of nodes so we need to focus on number of nodes in the network so what are the number of nodes like i will compare with both technologies like 2g in 2g here is mobile station this mobile station is attached with the help of air interface with bts dts with bsc bse with sgsn we are concerning here data so i will write only data entities here because for voice we have a separate controller as msc so sgsn is connected to ggsn and this gateway is connected to the external public data network so if we want target access then we we have to con contact pdf and we will have packets from pdn to ggs ggs into sgsn bsc bts and mobile station so these are a number of nodes between mobile station and pdn public data network that means we have four nodes in between user end and external data network so in 3g also user equipment this ue is attached again with the help of air interface with node b node b with radio network controller that means rnc rnc is again with 3g hdsm this is gsa with ggsm and pdn now that we have increased the hardware efficiency as well as software efficiency but the number of nodes between user equipment and the external network again the same or four so in order to reduce the complexity of the network that means to reduce the number of nodes from the network the focus on reducing the number of nodes by eliminating rnc so this is my 4g 4g's ue is directly attached to e node b evol node b and evolve node b is attached to the core network and this core network is attached to external media network that means if you want high mobility so you require lesser number of nodes for packet axis so we have reduced the number of nodes so in this that means in 2g architecture whenever we have evolved the gprs network or gsm network for 3g we have changed this part this is radio path that means for 3g evolution we have changed we have focused on the radio access network or we have changed the radio radioaccess network with new equipment as node b and rnc but the core network remains the same as that of gprsh i can say 2g services so in order to have 4g they want to add on something new and they want to have some new architecture they don't want to use the previous architecture that we are using in 2g and 3g services they want to use the new architecture new components with high efficiency then only you can expect high data rate so what are the components in there every architecture has basic entities like first they want mobile station or they want used equipment the very first requirement of any network architecture next is the ue should be attached to a ram part ram is radio access network that means ue is in direct conduct with radio access network only and this radio access network is controlled by cn scene is core network and this core network should be attached to any external network for databases access like for internet access so these are the basic requirements for any network architecture and besides this you want an operation and maintenance center also so these are the requirements any basic requirements of any network architecture for 2g the rand part is bss and the core part is nss from tg onwards we named that ram radio access network and this is a core network so in radio access network if this is radio access network of 2g and this is radio access network of 3g in radio access network of 2g we have bts and bsc and in rand part of 3g we have node b and rnc this is base station controller and this is radio network controller that means who is controlling these bds number of bts or number of node b's dsc and rnc simultaneously so that means that radio access network has been controlled by a separate controller and user has been controlled by a different controller for direct access with user you require bts but all bts are controlled by bse the same thing is there in 3g the user equipments are controlled by node b but all node v's are controlled by rnc that means in one radio access network you are providing two separate controllers now we want to remove this separate controller here over here that means in 4g radio access network or rampart if this is 4g we don't want a separate controller that means a single controller is enough yeah why a single controller is required in 4g because high mobility again is the main concern high mobility that means there should be faster handovers if your aim is providing internet connectivity in fastest move eating that means your handover should be faster and faster that means for high mobility data connectivity handover should be faster now in case of 2g whenever mobile station or in case of 3g also whenever mobile station or user equipment wants a handover it will send rx level and rx quality that means your mrs measurement reports because in measurement reports we have rx level and rx quality so the mobile station continuously send mr to bds and bts send these mrs to bsc because bsc is the controller for all bts now bsc here will take or hand over decision that means hand over decision is with bse and simultaneously in 3g rnc so handover process is long it will take long time or we can say the latency is more so in 4g for faster handover all hand over decision is with e not b because we don't have a separate controller over here for handover decisions that is the reason we have removed the rnc or bse from the 4g networks and all the decision making capability or all the decision making is with e node b only so a nor b is only the separate controller in the radio access network who is there to taking decision of the handovers or bar measurements now network architecture so here i have user equipment ue ue is now this ue is lt user equipment that means it must support mimo configurations multiple input and multiple output because 4g handsets work on mimo configuration for faster internet reception as well as transmission now this ue equipment with the help of ear or uu interface this is now this is always wireless connectivity so this interface should be radio it should be here and it is named as uu interface okay with the help of ue uu interface we are attached to a part that means to a radio access network and in this it is named as eu ran because ut ran is there for 3g services universal terrestrial radio access network and here we have used e y e e for evolved universal terrestrial radioactive network a ut ranbir named for 3d now 4g has everything new so evolved eu didn't now in evolved utran or eut ram part we have only one controller and that is e node b so e node b is evolved node b because node b we named for 3g here we have evolved node b because this is new one as compared to 3g services so evolved node b 4 gbts so this is the radioaccess network with only one separate controller that means a node b now this should be attached to a core network so now talking about core networks that means i can also write here nss part okay so in co network for gsm we have msc and databases that means 2g so when we require data access in case of gprs so we added on here as gsm and and external and all its databases so this is the previous code network but we have added on the new entities in this now for 3g we have changed the radio access network but we have not changed the core network now we want that means this core network till 3g is the same as that of 2g 2.5 2.75 but now we want new core network here in 4g systems and that new core network is epc that means this is my evolved packet core now if again evolved because 4g is a world new technology new architecture and new components so evolved packet core and this evolution of whole architecture this whole architectural revolution is is s a e that means system architecture evolution system architecture evolution evolution of a new system architecture that's why s-a-e so i will draw here quick architecture e and b for e evolve node b now this is epc or evolve bracket code now here are the databases in evolved packet code network now i will draw here bow lines and dotted line whole lines and dotted lines so this is evolved packet code so in this evolved packet code we have a number of databases but all databases are highly connected because 4g has an aim of ip connectivity but not fully elp connectivity and full ip architecture is the aim of 5g networks so ip connection so mme is mobility management equipment mme is mobility management equipment attitudes is home station subsystem sgw is serving gateway pgw is paging gateway pdn is public data network and pcrf is policy control radio function so these are the number of entities attached in the epc or evolved packet code now this interface is uu interface or air interface now talking about the connectivity for between two e node v's okay we require connectivity between two e node v why because for handovers now there is no separate controller so all e node b's are connected to one another so the interface between two e node b's is x two interface the e node b is between our connectivity between two e node b's are x two interface now bold line we represent data flow and dotted line is there for signaling flow the full interface between eut ram and evolved packet core is s one interface this interface between this eu t ran and epc is s one interface for now this for signaling s1 c where c stands for control plane and for data we have s1 u where u stands for use plane user plane will represent data whereas control plane will represent signaling so every e node b for signaling purpose has to contact mme and hss and every e node b for data has to contain solving gateway and paging it with through to pdn now what are the functionalities of this mme mobility management equipment like functions are same but we have organized a function in different databases so that processing will be fast now mobility management equipment as the term here mobility that means it has to deal with changing locations that all changing location that means faster hand over changing locations is therefore mobility management equipment plus authentication processes is there in mobility management equipment for example you know we a mobile station want a handover or user equipment wants a handover so user equipment needs to contact to e node b now a norway will give a handover but after handover enough b needs to inform mme that i have given a handover please update the location so for location updation and for changing location we have a controller mobility management equipment now home station subsystem function is same as that of hlr that means it is a permanent database of subscriber related information that means all subscriber related information is there in addresses that's why both these databases are used for signaling purpose now these databases that means for user planning databases we have serving gitpay so serving gateway has a functionality of like same as that of sjsn that means all data packet routing to transfer saving the ip address and connectivity with the pdn that means the external network of any database this is we are connected with the help of serving gateway that means all routing of data packets it played with serving gateway now this paging gateway paging gateway serves same as ggsn but it allocates ip addresses different ip addresses and it is a gateway to the external databases like facebook is one database gmail so we have number of external database the connectivity of one survey gateway is with the help of number of paging gateways and plus ip allocation is there for paging now pcrf that means policy control radio function is there for connectivity for 3gbp and non 3gpp services that means for handover from one generation to another generation for example if we don't have 4g connectivity then for hand over to different generation or third generation is the policy control radio function and all protocols work on this so this is the complete lte architecture and this evolution of new architecture is system architecture evolution this new core network is evolved packet code and this is evolving the part and these are the x2 interface and s1 interface s1u ls1 c interfaces so in this class we have covered about at the architecture interface radio interface and core network so after that we will discuss what are the functionality of each and every databases and what are the internal interfaces so this is enough for today rest we will continue in next class thank you so much

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Id: 69OOQAoCGUg

Length: 23min 51sec (1431 seconds)

Published: Wed Dec 23 2020