LoRa/LoRaWAN tutorial 3: Rules and Regulations

in this tutorial I will explain who sets the wireless communication rules and regulations laura operates in the unlicensed ASM radio band that are available worldwide is M stands for industrial scientific and medical for example in Europe the is M frequency band ranges from 863 to 870 megahertz and in the United States the aia same frequency band ranges from 900 to megahertz to 928 megahertz let's look at these two webpages this is the things Network website I live in the Netherlands so I click the letter N it uses this frequency range if I select this link over few and they search for this frequency plan I can clearly see which frequency I can use this is for uplink messages and this is for downlink messages for now ignore these failures I will explain this in later videos let's go back for example if you live in the United States here you can see it uses this frequency range let's go back to a few these are the frequencies used in the United States here are the frequencies for the uplink messages and here are the frequencies for the downlink messages as mentioned earlier in the United States Laura when operates in the 902 to 900 28 megahertz frequency band let's look at the United States frequency allocation here is the United States frequency and locations it starts from three kilohertz to nine hundred gigahertz let's zoom in it starts from three kilohertz to 300 gigahertz as you can see this radio spectrum is allocated for many different uses for example this frequency range is allocated for radio navigation and this frequency range is allocated for TV broadcasting let's see whether 902 to 900 megahertz is mbend is located let's zoom in 902 to 900 28 and it is clearly marked over here 950 megahertz plus minus 13 megahertz this is the frequency range used by lora within the United States in the European Union Laura uses the 863 to 850 megahertz frequency range that is this range as you can see in the United States this frequency range is allocated for land mobile radio systems for example two-way radios in vehicles if you buy a Laura development board always by one with the correct frequency which applies to your country if you buy the wrong frequency you break the law and to all not work the same applies to the Gateway I live in the Netherlands so I have to buy a gateway using this frequency if you build your own Nora note you can buy these radio modules this is such a radio module and as you can see I have bought one with 868 megahertz never buy the wrong frequency devices such as microwave ovens medical equipments or baby monitors all uses the I assembled here are is MBank advantages anyone is allowed to use these frequencies and no license fee is required and here are is mbend disadvantages low data rate and lots of interference because anyone can use these frequencies because the ICM bank can be used by everyone there must be some rules set otherwise this bank will become unusable think of the many signal interferences there are several international organizations which manage the radio spectrum to ensure safe coexistence between all the different radio technologies in Europe the European telecommunications standards Institute Etsy create standards which are used by local regulatory authorities meaning countries more information about Etsy can be found at this location in the United States the Federal Communications Commission aka FCC creates these standards more information about FCC can be found at this location all other countries are using the standard set by either Etsy or FCC except Japan they have the telecom engineering center and South Korea they have the Korean Communications Commission for example in the Netherlands its telecommunications regulatory authority is called the telecom agency in Dutch a hands cap telecom which is part of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and climate in Dutch Minister for economy second and climate this Wregget or e authority has issued the conditions and requirements when using Laura in the Netherlands and it's based on the standards set by HC more information about the dust lower conditions and requirements can be found at these two locations let's only focus on Etsy and FCC here are two geographic areas in this example Netherlands and China where the Etsy regulatory domain is Yost and here are two geographic areas in this case United States and Australia where the FCC regulatory domain is used if I focus on the Netherlands this national regulatory authority uses the standard set by Etsy but they can also add additional rules here you see the network operator there are commercial or non-commercial operators who can set up a Laura Wynn Network these operators can set additional rules for example in Europe when using the ICM band frequencies shaitaan/the 63 megahertz to 8 on 70 megahertz users must comply to the following rules for uplink the maximum transmission power is limited to 25 milli watts or 14 DBM for downlink for 869 point five to five megahertz the maximum transmission power is limited to a half watt or 27 DBM there is a 0.1 percent and 1 percent duty cycle per day depending on the channel and the maximum allowed antenna gain is 2.15 DB i besides these is M bent rules the network operator for example the things network can also add additional restrictions if you use the things network which is a free public community Laura where network the following fair use policy applies the uplink airtime is limited to 30 seconds per day per note and the downlink messages are limited to 10 messages per day per note more information about the things network fair use policy go to this location when a signal is sent from a sender it takes a certain amount of time before a receiver receives this signal this time is called time on air here's the sender and here's the receiver here is a sender with a transmission radio and here's the antenna and here's the receiver with the receiver radio with an antenna in this example it takes 500 30 milliseconds to travel from this antenna to this antenna so the 500 30 milliseconds is a time on air duty cycle is the proportion of time during which a component the files or system is operated the duty cycle can be expressed as a ratio or as a percentage as mentioned previously in Europe there is a 0.1 percent and 1 percent duty cycle per day depending on the channel for example time on air is 530 milliseconds and a duty cycle is 1% so the 530 milliseconds is the time on air which equals 1% so 99% of the time which is the same as fifty two point four seven seconds and this is the amount of time you have to wait after you have sent a signal so after you have waited fifty two point four seven seconds you can broadcast the same signal again meaning the same sized signal here's another example time on air is 400 milliseconds and now the duty cycle is 0.1% so 400 milliseconds represents 0.1% so 999 times this time on air equals three hundred ninety-nine point six seconds so after you have sent this signal you have to wait three hundred ninety-nine point six seconds before you can send the same signal again so why is this duty cycle rule set if there were no duty cycle then anyone can broadcast at unlimited time which renders the uses of the isn band completely unusable thanks for watching I hope you enjoyed the video please hit the like button and don't forget to subscribe if you have questions leave your comments below I'll do my best to answer them

Channel: Mobilefish.com

Views: 30,775

Keywords: LoRa/LoRaWAN tutorial 3 Rules and Regulations, LoRa tutorial 3, LoRaWAN tutorial 3, LoRa Rules and Regulations, ISM band, LoRa frequencies, United States frequency allocation, ISM band advantages, ISM band disadvantages, ETSI, European Telecommunications Standards Institute, Federal Communications Commission, FCC, ISM band frequencies, LoRa maximum transmission power, LoRa maximum antenna gain, The Things Network, TTN fair use policy, Time on Air, LoRa Duty cycle

Id: CW-QFGGqnGM

Length: 10min 7sec (607 seconds)

Published: Thu Sep 20 2018