Linking Words: Cause & Effect - Intermediate English with Shaun #58

hey everybody hello hello hello happy happy Friday I'm looking a little blue look a little yeah it's my my face a little blue today yes yeah I know sweet venom 6672 Julian is out of here don't worry about it go to work gotta got to bring home the bacon got to make the money alright so hello world it's Friday morning for me my voice might be a little bit lower than usual as its dropped let's drop down an octave because I've got a little bit a little bit of a cold today but I'll be ok I'll try not to COFF on you if I need to if I need to hack up a lung I will turn off the microphone so that I'm not coughing right into your into your ear you guys think I look yeah I look a little tired well I think I don't actually look this blue in real life yeah not quite this vampire like yeah what I do yeah I do have a little bit of a cold and yes and I you think I should take a nap yeah I think so too well yeah you guys you guys want to wait around for a bit I'm gonna go take a nap I'll be back in an hour or two okay just you sit here all right oh and I'm getting some birthday wish thank you very much for your birth my birthday wishes yeah it was my birthday yesterday and somebody used a good term a good expression in the chat they said happy belated birthday happy belated birthday but yeah lots of lots of people in the chat some regulars of course john vidal is there roses they're French Leo Abdul manam through Shara Steve Lennon Victor all of the usual suspects if it's if it's your first time if you're new tell us so in the in the chat I always like to to see who is new first-timers sign up is here Malena is here all right good to see it and yes it is if it's not rub it on yet it is almost Ramadan absolutely Natalie white plume it's your first time well welcome Jacqueline from Brazil cool all right yeah lots of people from all over the world if you're new if I haven't said so already I am Sean and I'm going to be your teacher for the next hour or so it's Friday morning for me I am live in Vancouver I'm at the studio at the Canadian College of English language in downtown Vancouver hanging out drinking some coffee and we're going to do a little bit of an English lesson okay and neem yellow Pez saying hello hello to you and Sarah is new well welcome alright so anybody who's new or anyone who doesn't know this this level is this lesson rather is at the intermediate level okay sometimes sometimes I push it a little bit near the end and we look at some a little bit higher level stuff from time to time but yeah this is French Leo's were already four he's ready for the mistake of the week already that's good I like that just have to wait about 55 minutes I think so we're at the intermediate level kind of that middle that middle level where sometimes students feel they kind of get stuck at that level lots of lots of things to learn and even students that go above that level sometimes there are little little gaps in what you know and little mistakes that you make because of things that you missed or did not correct at the intermediate level so the intermediate level that middle level is really important okay because it it will decide kind of the mistakes or or lack of mistakes that you're making at the higher levels of course all right so if you're new throughout the class if you have questions put your questions in the chat and I will try my best to answer them as often as I can as best I can as clearly as I can okay so let's let's go into let's go into the lesson here all right here we are smart live class all right yeah lots of people in here cool good to see all right so today I thought we're looking at unit 10 in smart 120 120 is the intermediate level as I said but we are close to the end of it and we're going to look at some writing okay we're going to do part of the writing lesson from unit 10 today writing 10:1 ok writing skills although some of what we're doing today obviously you can use in in speech of course ok you're asking why did I stop teaching the advanced level um yeah it's kind of a long story grabby maybe I will again someday right but we still have we still have the memories right oh and and the videos as well ok so writing lesson today today we're going to be focusing on one question ok one question the question is why hey why so many questions in life stem from this one or why right why so many questions life's great questions why why is the sky blue ok you can discuss that in the chat if you want why is the sky blue why are we attracted to certain people why do we find some people beautiful or more beautiful than others what makes us attracted to people why do we fall in love why do we watch scary movies why do we enjoy why do you get married yeah why is the sky blue why do we enjoy watching horrifying movies things that in in real life would be the worst thing but we we enjoy watching these things on a Saturday night or on a Monday on Netflix okay why do we enjoy being scared and of course why do we continue to make the same terrible mistakes again and again and again and again right why do we continue this these patterns of behavior when we know what we're doing is is wrong all right and that's that's for the for language obviously or just for life why do we continue to make the same mistakes and maybe the most important question is why why is Shawn asking me these questions right all right we can hello from Vietnam hello why are we alive Rosa says why are we here right what's the meaning the sky is blue because of the reflection of the sun's rays that's right French Leo I believe blue waves of light reflecting off the dust particles in the atmosphere something like that but to be honest really the the reason for the lesson is not to discuss the great secrets of life right where we were you obviously you can talk about it in the chat if you want to just to discuss why we are attracted to certain people right why Rosa is amazing so the question why where I'm asking the question why because today in the writing section of unit 10 right they want to focus on cause and effect relationships okay oftentimes on a test on an essay assignment on some kind of writing assignment the question is based on why right the question is explain this tell me why this happens okay and this is what we call cause and effect looking at looking at the reasons for things you're saying we're attracted because of pheromones mm French Leo I don't know about that right what about a picture right you can be attracted to somebody on a TV screen I know pheromones there all right easy that would be an easy answer Mohamed is saying why why am i teaching you because it gives my life purpose well no my life has purpose it gives my gives me a reason to get out of bed on a Friday morning how about that okay so cause and effect looking at the reasons why am i wearing a blue shirt today yeah well especially because of how blue my skin looks I probably should have worn something else maybe yellow perhaps okay all right so before we get into cause and effect when it comes to writing in any language but obviously we're focusing on English on a writing assignment on a test for homework whether it's a paragraph or an essay or whatever it is that you're doing okay you have to keep in mind the word cohesion cohesion is a very important word for writing okay and cohesion really cohesion means kind of togetherness or unity what we're talking about with cohesion it means that all of the sentences and the ideas and the paragraphs in your writing connect with one another right each sentence leads into the next sentence each paragraph connects with the next paragraph in a clearer way to help the reader follow your thoughts follow your your argument or your ideas right you want the sentences to be connected clearly connected right in order to make your ideas easy to understand and to follow alright and is it wrong I'm not sure if I'm pronouncing your name right but falling and saying you saw this on IELTS and that's right cohesion is one of the things if you're writing an IELTS exam the writing section of the IELTS exam part of your mark is based on cohesion and that again means that your sentences and your ideas are connected and they flow together in a clear way all right so what we're doing today Ilyas is saying hi hi we're going to look at really the most basic form of cohesion okay and some of this stuff is going to be um easy it's going to be basic but I want to look at specific differences and mistakes that we sometimes make when we are connecting our sentences so again coherence oh you're asking sue she's asking what is coherence coherence really just means that you're writing that your sentences make sense okay so if I say blue shirt purple monkey dishwasher sandpaper coffee time that doesn't make any sense so that's not coherent all right Sushil Kumar that's a good question because cohesion and coherence are oftentimes linked together linked together what a perfect segue because today we're going to be talking about linking words or transitions right going from one sentence to the next from one clause to the next from one paragraph to the next these words that we use to link or to connect our ideas to make it easier to follow okay this is the writing lesson for today linking words now linking words is only one way to to make your writing cohesive right but it's a good place to start it's a good place to start right so again linking words you might know them as transitions in transition just kind of means that that bridge right from one sentence to the next right from from one idea to the next through sharra is saying fanboys question mark exactly fanboys right but we're going to get specific today to the type of linking words we are focusing on so when I say linking words I'm saying things like conjunctions if you don't know what a conjunction is don't worry about it will tell you you a minute okay conjunctions adverbs can be linking words phrases excuse me phrases can be linking words now you're saying relative clauses relative clauses aren't really linking words not not really but relative clauses can be used for cohesion absolutely now French Leo yeah is asking linking words like fanboys even though well even though though fanboys all of these are linking devices right they connect our ideas these are transitions so they're all in the same big happy family but they're all cousins and distant cousins okay all right furthermore people are saying you guys are just toss that out linking words this is good all right connecters who she'll say connectors sure right connect link it's all the same so all of these linking words connectors as Sushil Kumar just said linking words help show how that's weird help how the connection oh there's a missing s there help show the connection that was the mistake of the week yeah let me pop it here look there we go good help show the connection between thoughts and ideas now bill Ellis is asking what's fanboy somebody in the check and can say that even Madea I think has fanboys above there those seven conjunctions now we're not going to be talking about all of fanboys today because them we're going to be specific now linking words connectors transitions fanboys adverbs whatever they are can be used obviously for different reasons right we use linking verbs or linking words rather to show similarities and differences when we're comparing two things to show concession and contrast right saying yes this is good but this right this is concession contrast to add extra information right we say furthermore somebody said furthermore in the chat this is a linking word giving extra information time sequence right to to show the the order the process of something first next then right these are linking words JB Abdul what's your question put it put it in there again I didn't I didn't see it okay time sequence is order condition which we've talked about in this class and then of course cause and effect right cause and effect Kataya is asking if I'm if I'm sick yeah I'm a little I'm a little sick when you've got kids when you've got beautiful cute little kids your household is a constant cycle of sickness okay everybody is at one person is sick all the time and everybody everybody gets a turn and right now it's my turn yeah all right but I'll drink some I'll drink some lemon tea when I'm done don't worry all right so all of these different uses for linking words different relationships between ideas today we're looking at cause and effect linking words right so as I said we're looking at the reasons for something why something happens we're looking at the results then we're looking at the words that connect the two ideas okay now again some of its going to be basic and then we'll get a little bit a little bit harder as we go all right so cause and effect right showing how each idea or action is connected to the next in a chain showing that that connection right this is what we're talking about so let's start with effect all right we have specific linking words or connectors that we use before introducing the result or the effect of something okay and Annie Walker saying yeah because right we're going to get to because that's good good good good yeah you guys are ahead of me here this is nice so when you're introducing the effect okay there are different words you use depending on the sentence structure you are writing if you're writing a compound sentence meaning two independent clauses together in one sentence right which we've talked about before and in other classes yeah if you're doing that that the most basic word that you can use to show the effect or the result of something in a compound sentence is this magical little word so which is obviously this is the s in fanboys right that S at the end so is a conjunction and so you use to connect two independent clauses to complete ideas with subjects and verbs amanda says I watch your Clause because I can interact on the chat that's a good cause and effect sentence right there good good good now you guys are getting fancy on me saying things like lead to and hence yeah good for you sláinte is insane and yeah I mean and as a famine is one of the fanboys and sometimes is used in that kind of cause-and-effect connection but we'll talk about that a little bit later okay so now for so we use so to show that cause and effect right so there were delays at the airport so we had to travel by train right this is giving the reason and then the result so comes before the results or the effect right now the reason we're looking at all the different ways to do it is that sometimes students mix them all up and and use them in in the wrong way or with the wrong structure okay you're late don't worry about it you can you can be late you can come whenever you want all right the only person who can't be late is me everybody else can come and go all right so you'll notice that in my sentence I put this comma before so because if you're following the strict rules of English punctuation the rule is in a compound sentence if you've got two subjects and two verbs and they are independent then you should be putting a comma here okay but that's a that's the that's the first one that's the basic one I'm going to be showing you lots of stuff and then you guys can can get to work okay so there were delays at the airport so we had to travel by train just keep in mind that so should always be in the middle of that sentence the bridge between two ideas don't start a sentence with so okay really shouldn't be starting a sentence with with so in this context okay with this meaning so Chari says I'm hungry so I'm going to eat after class that's a perfect example good I watch you regularly so I can be good at English good so when it comes to linking simple sentences together or linking compound sentences together and again compound means two independent clauses right two independent clauses there are other words we can use there are adverbs that we can use instead of so and remember when it comes to writing I always tell my students this you want to show your range of vocabulary your range of structures right so you don't just want to be Sol Sol Sol Sol all the time you don't want your writing to be Sol Sol ha ha right that's terrible sorry all right so there are other words that you can use instead of Sol and some of you are putting them in the chat okay so words like therefore you got it consequently and as a result so therefore as a result and consequently are adverbs that work as transition words linking devices okay Abdulla what do you what's your what's your question if the question Abdul is is related to the lesson today then then we'll we'll answer it you could put it back in the chat okay yeah a little-little busy put it back in the chat and i'll see if it if it's connected to today's lesson then we'll we'll answer it okay if not maybe if I have if I have time after the lesson okay so two independent clauses together you can use therefore as a result consequently these are adverbs a little bit different from so which is a conjunction for example you can say this right the difference between so and therefore is that therefore can start the sentence you can say there were delays at the airport period right stop the sentence start a new sentence therefore with the comma we had to travel by train now the meaning is the same so and therefore but the punctuation is a little bit different right roses again a step ahead of me there right okay so in this in this case I've got two simple sentences two complete sentences that I'm linking together using that adverb at the beginning but as Rosa said in the chat you can also make a compound sentence here if you want to and some of you you know this already I can see you put in it putting it in the chat that period there you could change it to a semicolon and you can make that T lowercase right and now you've got one sentence there were delays at the airport semicolon therefore we had to travel by train but and that's basically the difference right between therefore and so the punctuation that you would use before or after French leader saying can we use in addition instead of therefore no because therefore is show a good question frankly I mean there therefore is showing that that cause and effect relationship in addition is showing well additional information you're adding a point to what you had said previously right you could say something like there were delays at the airport in addition the trains were cancelled right so now you're saying two negative things together all right so there's therefore and of course you could use as a result and you can use consequently any of these three adverbs can work in this structure okay we were there were delays consequently we had to travel by train okay yeah I'm again some of you guys are way ahead of me here good for you okay Yeah right Rose is saying linking words are important if you don't want to be boring with your writing yeah right I mean you want to show a variety all right good okay now yeah my other point was that these two sentences are exactly this the same and meaning right one sentence or two sentences whether it's semicolon therefore or period therefore it's exactly the same okay exactly the same in meaning now I would say the difference in usage between these in terms of register which is it this is an important thing for students to keep in mind as well all right is what we call register which means how formal your language is formal or informal or kind of that that neutral use of language right so of these four words so is more conversational is less formal than these three right if you're speaking if you're in conversation words like consequently or as a result don't usually get used as often as so right if you're talking to your friends you're not going to use therefore as much you might to make a point or something to to sound fancy okay but basically so is more conversational and three Shari yeah those clauses can all be in the same sentence absolutely yeah good okay so so let's talk about cause and effect there are cause rather reason and cause and the words that we use to introduce the the cause of something rather than the effect and then I'm going to get you guys to do some work for me so in a complex sentence right in a complex sentence which means you've got one independent clause right one main clause and again we've talked about this in classes before and you've got one or more dependent clauses right a clause that that is incomplete on its own there are conjunctions that we use to show cause and again some of your ahead of me here and some of you are jumping ahead to to the verbs things like stem from and lead to that's really good that's a little bit of a higher-level vocabulary I would say things like stem from what we're looking at today is because as most of you know but also sense and as because since as these three words can be used to introduce the cause for something in a moment I might turn off the microphone because I have a feeling that I'm going to sneeze and I don't want to sneeze right into your ear but we'll see I feel it I feel like coming alright gonna be a big one alright because since and s alright these are the words that we can use to show cause so look at an easy one and then we'll then we'll get a little bit more complex here guys okay so traffic is heavy because because there was an accident on the highway now again you've got your independent clause here let me make it all read so you can follow you've got your independent clause and then you've got your dependent clause over here yeah you guys want me to sneeze yeah all right I will all right traffic is heavy because there was an accident on the highway we're going to come back to this here's another example since he had to go to Rome for work anyway he decided to take a couple extra days to see the sights yeah you're going to Rome you might as well go go see the Colosseum right so in this case since is your cause and effect word all right and of course because these are complex sentences as you noticed the conjunction can come at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence depending on the order that you want okay now notice that if you begin with since you will need that you need that comma there though all right and again this is we've talked about this with complex sentences before all right so see what I've done here I've said we he decided to take a couple extra days to see the sights since he had to go to Rome for work anyway okay and yeah you guys are giving me some good examples here the game was cancelled because it was raining muddy headed perfect now be careful with that one French Lee oh that's that's it this is a good example of something to be careful of which is what we call kind of recall it's the kind of cyclical reasoning or something when you say Shawn is sick because he caught the flu but those aren't really cause-and-effect right Shawn is sick because he caught the flu all right now let's let's go into this this is this is a good this is good this is good they're saying Shawn is sick I'm going to pick on you French Leo because this is a mistake that students often make in their writing now this is kind of circular circular logic here right Sean is sick because he caught the flu because in this case sick and flu are basically the same right so Sean is sick because he is sick is what you're saying there right or Sean has the flu because he is sick is this kind of the same thing right if you say for example if you say this music is popular because many people like it right this music is popular because many people like it this is circular logic right because popular means many people like it so it's it's kind of the same thing so Sean is sick because he has young children with dirty little hands okay that's why Sean is sick because he's got young children dirty little hands okay and the music is popular because it is simple or it is catchy the music is popular because it's catchy it gets stuck in there right so that's you want to be careful of that when you're when you're using this circular circular logic right he was late because he missed the bus he missed the he missed the bus because he was late okay well either yeah those could those could both be the cause and the effect absolutely all right then yeah I do have I do have a red-headed son all right let's go back into here all right I haven't really made you guys do much work yet I'm getting I'm getting there okay so make sure that in these complex sentences with sense as and because you can flip the order around Sean maybe Sean is coughing because he has the flu hang on a second there we go that's nice okay so here's my tip when it comes to because since and as there is one kind of area where you have to be careful note for the most part in most daily everyday usage these words have the same meaning okay but there is one area where you have to be careful when you're when you're asking a question looking for the reason for something you can use because right but you can't really use as or since okay when I'm asking you a question about why you can use the word because but it sounds strange to use as and since now let me show you those acts here yeah everybody's welcome even Zack okay so did she miss the meeting because she was sick is the question here right so you're you're asking for the reason you're asking about the reason in the sentence you're saying because you're saying did she miss the meeting because she was sick and that's fine if you said did she miss the meeting as she was sick no did she miss the meeting since she was sick sounds strange okay really because is the only one that that works there Abdul's asking how do I gather the energy even when I'm sick I just give it all I've got for one hour and then I cry for the rest of the day okay that's what I do okay so be careful of that now one more thing before I give you guys some work to do yeah you don't think she's sick let me see her well maybe she's crying because she's sick is she crying because she's sick alright so phrases we have certain phrases that we use to show cause and effect and again with these the structure is a little bit different and sometimes students make mistakes with these phrases okay so when we're talking about the cause or the reason for something we can use these we can say because of as a result of or due to right and some of you guys put owing to owing to could fit into this category as well owing to because of as a result of and due to our showing that cause and effect relationship these are linking words this is cohesion this is everything that we're talking about today right please take medicine there's really not much you can take from medicine for a cold you just have to shut to take it right okay so let's look at an example because of delays at the airport we had to travel by train now before I said because there were delays at the airport right now bharat is saying did she miss the meeting because of sick now that is incorrect that's a really good question and that's great because this is what we're talking about now because of delays delays is a noun it's a thing okay so these phrases because of due to owing to as a result of have to be followed by a noun and not an adjective or a clause or something like that so Bharat's question because of sick will sick as an adjective right so you'd say because of because of sickness maybe right or because of illness and then you've got a noun so that's that's a great question perfect so this is what I'm talking about when we say because we follow it with a subject and a verb right because she was sick yeah with because of we follow with a noun no verbs right because of sickness because of illness because of delays Amanda's sentence as a result of a big pool party last night teacher Sean caught a cold now I wish I wish it was that exciting I wish I had had a crazy party last night pool party and caught a cold but that's just not the case but good sentence Amanda thanks for that all right so I don't know another mistake there look at that let me get rid of that let me get back in here okay so traffic is heavy because there was an accident on the highway all right now you're using because here you're following because with a clause right with a subject and a verb the an accident was okay now one more example of how to switch it around right you've got again you've got the subject on the verb there if you take that away and you say traffic is heavy because of an accident on the highway now you've got well then you've got just the noun okay there all right now one thing I'll show you here before or actually maybe maybe not maybe I'll do it get me get you guys to do a little bit of work for me first yeah I'm going to make you guys do some work and then I'll maybe show you a couple other things so just to be clear we're going to do the simple part first okay I'm going to go fullscreen on this just so that we know that we're clear on the different kind of grammar rules of where to put these linking words can they go in the middle of a sentence after a comma can they go at the beginning of a sentence can they go in the middle of a sentence without a comma right what I want you guys to do is take the five linking words at the top because of so because since and therefore and I would like you to put them into a sentence now it might be possible to give more than one answer now Ilyas is saying how about when we used because of in the middle of the clause yeah because of can go at the beginning or it can go in the middle of a sentence Ilias good good question Rosa says because of my broken leg I can't go jogging like I hope that's not true all right so I'm going to put the monkey music on for about thirty seconds to one minute and then I'm going to come back and we're going to go over the answer to this just pick a word and put it in the proper spot okay all right I'm disappearing here guys go for [Music] member [Music] member all right lots of good stuff coming in Rosica Sierra saying absolutely true I wonder what is true under what sentence you're talking about alright so Wow so much stuff in the chat good stuff good stuff the first one a interesting now this is this is great you know what's good what's great yes and not just because I mean but I'm seeing mistakes okay I'm seeing some some wrong choices here and that's good because that means we can talk about it okay so I noticed that some people are saying put so here right the roads were covered in ice so cars were sliding off the roads but just remember here I am wagging my finger at you again right that you can't start a sentence with so like this if you got the period there then you really don't want so to be that first word that linking word okay grammatically if you want to follow the strict rules of punctuation that really shouldn't be the case now I see Malena got it Rosa GaN it's good for you rod one said there for now one thing that nobody put that I can see not many people did anyone put it after now it was a bit of a trick in there to see if you caught it but just make sure that you're putting the comma after there for right there for cars were sliding off the road now French leo I saw you you asked a question about an article the disappearing but I didn't I don't know exactly what you were asking about so if you want to put that question back if it's about one of the sentences here I'll try to answer it okay so therefore comma because with most of these what we call conjunctive adverbs like therefore as a result consequently moreover in addition however all of these words that we add verbs that we use at the beginning of a sentence you want to comma there with a few exceptions okay so be there was a fire in the kitchen the restaurant had to be closed had to closed for several days now some people again some people put their four in there now because of the sentence the way I wrote it you can't say therefore because therefore cannot follow a comma right remember only those seven fanboys conjunctions right and but or yet for so nor any good I could remember them all they can come after a comma when you're making a compound sentence Natalie white plume is making two sad faces what why are you so sad it's Friday maybe Friday night wherever you are I'm not sure where you are yeah be happy all right now again take that out of there it can't be can't be there for now some people put cents in there now you just have to think now you have to think about the logic what is the reason and what is the result right what is the cause what is the effect now remember that since should be coming before the the the cause the restaurant had to close is not why there was a fire right you've got to flip your logic why was the restaurant closed remember that first question we asked at the beginning of class why right why was the restaurant closed because there was a fire okay so you can't use since there now this was a little bit of a clue here this this comma and I think a lot of people a lot of people got it let me go through here sign AB you got it good for you Victor oh maybe a B a B so and therefore almost victors exactly okay so you got so there but not therefore can't be therefore has to be so right there was a fire in the kitchen so the restaurant had to close for several days now again I know that this is the interesting thing about these linking words is they seem very simple but then we make these little mistakes that we continue as we get higher in the higher levels in the sentence because of delays why omit why omit the what did I what did I omit where where's the delay oh because of delays at the airport well what was the original sentence it was my original sentence I said no my original sentence were delays right there were delays at the airport okay so yeah if that's what you mean I don't think I I took away that because it's just delays we're not talking about the specific delay French Leo saying why do we need the comma after therefore simply because it's an introductory conjunctive adverb okay and that's basically the that's the reason okay all right see I can't go on the trip to New York I have an exam that week well that's sad okay now graphic Colo go got it good for you I think you said you're in Columbia is that right good good good who else got who else got that one yeah Rosa cassia I got it too I would say because right you're putting because in the middle of the sentence there's no comma needed there just because showing that relationship between the cause and effect good okay d sorry guys yeah I know no one should have to hear that okay so Dee the bad weather maybe yeah oh look oh you guys are still you're still talking about the delays interesting okay I'll have to all look back in a bit and see maybe you were seeing things okay so 4d let me find the answer for that one Abdul Minh Anh got it yeah now I think I saw some people said since 4d but it can't be since here it's got to be because of because of the bad weather there's your your noun there right weather now remember that when we say because of has to be followed by a noun of course you can put you can put as many adjectives in there as you want okay because of the really bad weather right that's fine but just no main verb aliases saying now this is good good question he's saying why can't we use because of here now this is exactly what I'm saying here I can't go to the trip in New York because of I have right of is a preposition so prepositions are followed by nouns not not clauses not subject and verb together okay if you said this if you said because of the S you'd have to say I can't go on the trip to New York because of my exam of that week something like that right because now you've got because of now my exam okay but if you're saying I have an exam get that preposition out of there you want that conjunction that introduces the clause with the subject and the verb okay I hope that makes sense oh yeah some people are saying can can see be sense yes you say I can't go to on the trip to New York since I have an exam that week yes it can absolutely good and then II very similar I think to my example sentence and I think most most of you got that one shishio Kumar I think said since I am traveling through leo french leo yeah layout on my way to Pepe I've decided to stop there for a day to visit an old friend okay all right so since can works I mean you could put because I'm traveling through at an Al on my way you could say that as well how's my pronunciation leo okay so this is good now one thing I thought I would mention to you guys is do do too and because of write a shelter of Leo do too now it wasn't one of the options here but obviously in D you could put due to the bad weather my flight to Mexico was canceled Annie Walker says Sean ignored my question cry cry cry cry cry so Annie your question is why can't be since which one well I can't which one be since I don't want to see you cry or what about as Sushil Kumar saying what what what am i drinking I'm just drinking coffee because I like it alright so Andy get that I'm not ignoring your questions I'm just trying to keep a bunch of things straight here yeah and a lost - but what about as for which for which one Annie okay for which letter ABCD now Sarah's asking what does do to mean okay now put your questions back in the chat I'm going to keep talking about do two and then I'll come back to this okay okay so oh so you're saying any saying this okay we'll come back to do two since since the bad weather my flight to Mexico is canceled good question so since when you're talking about cause and effect the word since is a conjunction okay since when you're talking about cause and effect since is like because it is a conjunction it has to be followed by a subject and a verb okay now let me let me go up here for a second now the word these are good questions guys the word since can be a conjunction and it can be a preposition okay now I can say since whoops since I was a child I have liked Coffee music okay whatever it doesn't matter I'm just making stuff up here okay since I was a child I have liked coffee now this sense is followed by a subject and a verb okay this is not talking about cause and effect okay this is talking about time okay time and now at the beginning of class I showed all of those different uses for linking words and we said we can use these linking words to show time sequence or order or relationships in time okay now when you're talking about since as time since can be used as a preposition as well you can say since last year I have lived down town for example now in this case any sense can be followed by a noun okay but this is when you're using sense to talk about time if you're using sense to talk about the cause and effect you can't use it as a preposition it has to be the conjunction right so for the reason you'd say since I was tired I went home okay since is here followed by your subject your subject and verb okay and that's why so if you go back to this sentence you've got since the bad weather can't do that it has to be a preposition and we said because of the bad weather in the same thing by the way the same thing goes for as write you can say as a child I enjoyed music right eyelash well since the beginning of the exercise you've been asking that question but that sorry that question isn't connected to today's lesson and that's that's why it didn't get answered for the full class and the answer is both to your question okay you can say covered with and covered in I just remember guys if you're asking questions that aren't related to the class I'm probably not going to answer them otherwise we would be will you be here all night okay so due to one more thing I want to tell you and then we're going to get into the mistake of the week okay now let me get this sentence here where was this we said what because of hmm order because of go oh yeah here we go I'm going to get this sentence here I'm going to copy that I'm going to show you a little something okay there we go so traffic we said traffic is heavy because of an accident on the highway now in modern usage okay and modern usage you can say due to an accident on the highway that's how we use it but some teachers some people if they're being very picky very particular about the rules of English will say that's not correct now again in modern usage the way we use the word do - it's fine but some people will say that do - is an adjective and should not modify a clause but should instead modify a noun okay so what am I talking about here what I mean here is let me copy that again and put it here let's look at the difference if I say because of so traffic is heavy because of an accident on the highway because of is explaining or modifying this clause right this clause with there's a subject here right and there's a verb here like that okay subject verb because of now due to traditionally is use more like an adjective so people would say don't say traffic is heavy due to but say this the heavy traffic is due to an accident on the highway now in this case due to is modifying traffic as a noun and not the full clause okay now steveland saying do two at the beginning of a sentence and that's and that's fine that's fine yeah and again as I said in modern usage the way we use do to these days most people don't really care only people that that choose to get really upset about English alright people who live in the past and say no it's wrong you can't you can't say traffic is heavy due to the heavy is not due to the traffic is due to alright the traditional way is more elegant yeah right now and again by those rules they would say you can't say the heavy traffic is because of an accident don't say that traffic is heavy because of the heavy traffic is due to okay Abdul no I'd say can modify a noun clause because the noun clause is functioning as the subject right as a noun if it functions as the noun that's fine Abby's saying why am i blue because class is almost over JB 87 saying you do I mean pedants yeah all right if you want to be pedantic right and a lot of people do a lot of people like to get all caught up in the rules of you know you should say home and not who and you should never end sentence with a preposition and all of that stuff all right now actually I had more practice for you guys to do but we're just running out of time because you guys are asking such great questions now one more thing before we get to of course the mistake of the week all right vanya saying hi everyone hi one more tip that I'm going to give you here okay is don't overuse transitions okay this is one sign of an English language learner is the idea that every single sentence you write in a paragraph has to start or has to contain some kind of linking device like so therefore because of it's not always necessary to put those linking devices remember at the beginning of class I showed you guys where we talked about cohesion right linking your ideas but these connecting words that's only one way to do it there are lots of other ways to do it by repeating yourself or by using pronouns or replacing words with other words right replacement and and we can talk about that in another class but don't think that every single sentence I see this a lot on IELTS in IELTS classes when students are getting ready for the IELTS exam right is that they Yeah right is that they they use too many transitions I mean for an example what could I give you for an example could I say yeah I mean I think I've seen this example somewhere saying as a warning so I cut down or I cut the tree with an axe I think as a result it fell over right something like I cut the tree with an axe as a result it fell over I mean you cut the tree it falls down there's a clear causal relationship there right you don't you don't really need an adverb there right I mean you could say I cut the tree with an axe and it fell down if you want or you could just say I cut the tree down right I cut down the tree with an axe you don't have to use all of these fancy connectors all the time all right so of course before you guys run away it wouldn't be Friday morning without the mistake of the week the mistake of the week for anybody who is new for anybody who is new the mistake of the week is when I put a sentence up on the screen okay you have to read the sentence and find me the mistake if you are the first person to put the mistake in the chat if you are the first to identify the mistake then you are the champion of the universe in the guardian of the galaxy for one week until next Friday right when we choose a new champion to reign over us for seven long days okay all right so can you spot the mistake are you guys ready I'm going to put the sentence up here find me the mistake I'm going to disappear for about five seconds Sushil Kumar is saying he will be the winner oh not he will be the winner who will be the winner I'm not sure who will be the winner all right here we go you guys ready here it comes so find me the mistake and I'll be back go for it [Music] all right lots of answers coming in who is the champion now this is a very very very common mistake this is the thing about the mistake of the week is it's it's sometimes it's easy when somebody puts a sentence up on the screen and says there's a mistake here find it but this is definitely the type of mistake that a lot of students make especially in speech right when you're speaking oftentimes we make this mistake who's the winner whoa I believe I believe Jerry is the winner followed by a lodge and Victor all right so oh it's interesting yeah yeah so some of you lots of you got a French leo you got a Jerry got it I think the first time and then you put it in again always so you corrected it right so the mistake in this sentence is where is it explain me because no one could explain me how to get to the train station I had to call a taxi right a very common thing that I hear he had Graz yay all right a common mistake that I hear a lot in in the speech of students and especially at the intermediate level is this explain me no one could explain me well no one no one can explain me but but the problem here is obviously you don't mean explain me how to but there are a couple ways you can fix it okay you say because no one could tell me how to get to the train station because the verb tell can be followed by the object right tell me and this actually we looked at a couple weeks ago we said tell to me is another common mistake right so tell me how to get to the train station or to Sesame Street wherever you're trying to get okay or explain to me no one could explain to me how to get to this train station I had to call a taxi okay so just be careful with explain you don't want to follow it will be careful when you're when you're following explain with the the object I mean you could follow explain with the object I can explain a sentence to you I can explain English to you I can explain the answer but you don't want to put that that person there right not explain me but explain the answer to me okay rain and Tripoli said you spotted the mistake first well that's interesting yeah it didn't it didn't show up in my in my chat there rain and Tripoli but I believe you alright okay so again again just as a reminder some people are in the chat or asking me like why why are you not answering my questions I uh I can only answer the questions that are connected to the lesson guys or or we would never get through the lesson okay if you have random questions put it on the Facebook group and we'll try to answer those questions as as best we can as often as we can okay guys so let me jump out here there we go okay time is up sadly yeah because it is time for me to go and do other things right and because it's time for some of you to go to sleep right it's late at night therefore go to bed okay yeah as acts got the the the post there the the link to random questions Jerry spotted the mistake before I even disappeared well I'm going to have to get harder mistakes there Radwan is saying why do you say beat me and not beat on me well yeah I mean you could do both I guess depending on the situation alright anyway it's it's always a blast to come in here and teach you guys thanks for coming thanks for watching thanks for participating and thanks for the questions even if I couldn't get to the questions I like I like all the the interaction I like you guys sending me questions okay so thank you for being here I mean you guys are thanking me but remember that yeah you are the class okay so you make it more than just one guy talking to himself you know you know in a room blue alright so we'll see you here next Friday same time same place which is anywhere you are right everywhere is the place nine o'clock Vancouver time coming to you live from as I said the Canadian College of English language is where I am in downtown Vancouver so wherever you are whenever you are whoever you are I hope you're doing well and I hope you have a good weekend have a good week and keep practicing your English keep connecting your sentences and keep telling your friends about this class that I've got going on and I'm going to take a nap and it drips I'm going to drink some tea and wrap myself up in a blanket and I'll see you guys here next time okay guys so let me pop down here again and I'm out of here see ya hi everyone thanks for watching the video if you enjoyed it please subscribe to our Channel also if you want the full experience of being a student in a smart live class with things like homework and teacher feedback follow the link and become a premium subscriber also if you want to see more videos from this class check out our playlist [Music]

Channel: Smrt English

Views: 28,257

Rating: 4.891892 out of 5

Keywords: Smrt, Smrt Live, English Class, Live

Id: uY8VUjzK58Y

Length: 76min 22sec (4582 seconds)

Published: Fri May 26 2017