Life Science for Kids - Photosynthesis, Cells, Food Chains & More

[Music] rock and learned [Music] [Music] [Applause] who were you expecting hey marco i didn't know you came from a chrysalis well actually i don't but i wanted to get a real feel for life science it gets awfully cramped in here tell me about it hey marco could you help me review for my life science test sure kevin oh this is bailey she just happens to be an expert in life science i sure am all right this will be fun off we go to my super science station [Music] whoa marco [Music] were you saying something never mind let me tell you kevin there's a whole world of information about life science i know i'm not even sure where to begin well i like to start at the plant learning center tell us what you know about plants kevin well some examples of plants are trees shrubs vines grasses and flowering plants and plants can produce their own food they sure can but do you know how plants make their food my teacher said plants need water air light and nutrients that's right the leaves of plants contain a colored pigment called chlorophyll chlorophyll makes plants appear green and helps them absorb the energy from sunlight for a process called photosynthesis during photosynthesis plants use energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide from the air along with water and nutrients from the soil into glucose and oxygen glucose is a sugar used as food for the plant and oxygen is given off as a waste product plants may not need oxygen but we sure do isn't oxygen what we breathe you bet your sweet lungs it is you breathe in with the plants put out okay boys let's talk about the parts of plants many plants have six basic parts roots stems leaves flowers fruits and seeds i like the roots because they provide support for the plant by anchoring it into the ground the roots also absorb water and nutrients from the soil which the plant needs to grow and did you know that the roots can store sugar and carbohydrates for the plant to use for food cool so the roots are used to support the plant gather water and nutrients and store the food that the plant makes [Music] the primary route grows first and is the thickest it grows downwards secondary routes grow out from the primary route in many directions on this plant notice that the secondary routes are not as thick as the primary root and these tiny little roots that cover the other roots are called root hairs they maximize water and nutrient absorption from the soil now let's look at what stems from the roots above the ground stems and branches support the leaves and flowers of the plant the branches help the leaves reach the sunlight they need for photosynthesis good you're paying attention the stems also contain special tubes made of cells called xylem cells and phloem cells xylem cells draw water and minerals up from the roots to upper sections of the plant's body like the leaves phloem cells transport glucose throughout the plant to give it energy to grow and reproduce if the plants don't need the sugar right away they convert it to starch for long-term storage in their roots look it's robert plant i want to get his autograph hey kid let me tell you my experience with xylem and phloem they are kind of like the circulatory system of the plant when someone chops down a dead tree those rings are what's left of old xylem cells and if you ever see sap dripping from a tree that sap usually comes from the phloem i never knew that hey mr plant will you sing for us before you go oh i couldn't really please well all right then perhaps just a bit xylem flour you might need to know silos they help strengthen plants and grow [Music] i brought some pictures and i want to show em xylem cells bring water and minerals plants need flown cells move sugars around to give plants energy [Music] [Music] thanks mr plant that was awesome although that last part didn't make a lot of sense whatever glad you liked it kid now i really have to leave did you hear that did you hear what i said leave you guys should talk about the leaves of plants cheerio the leaves are one of the most important parts of a plant because they make food for the whole plant exactly and we get 98 of the oxygen in earth's atmosphere from photosynthesis most of that comes from algae and marine plants wow now let's see where were we we've covered the roots the stems and the leaves what about the flowers flowers aren't just pretty things to look at you know they are very important because they help the plant to make seeds let's take a closer look at a flower first check out this bud see the tiny green leaf-like parts around the bud those are called sepals they help to protect the bud as it develops as the flower opens the petals become the main attraction you get it they're the main attraction because they help attract pollinators such as bees bats birds and even butterflies i know how this works pollinators come to the flowers as they move around the flowers they pick up pollen that is on the anther which is the top part of the stamen the anthers are held up by these long stalks called filaments as the pollinators move around some of the pollen gets on the animal it can be moved to another flower or the same flower until it gets stuck to the top of the pistol which is called the stigma the sticky stigma is usually found in the center of the flower the pollen then travels down a long tube called the style all the way to the ovary the ovary contains female egg cells called ovules the pollen fertilizes the ovules and they become seeds the ovaries become the fruit wow where did you learn all of that i was helping my grandpa pick peaches off his trees and i asked him how a peach was made your grandpa knew what he was talking about the fruit is the ripened ovary of a plant containing the seeds after fertilization the ovary swells ovaries can become soft like on the peaches you picked but sometimes ovaries dry and harden to protect the developing seeds like a walnut or a pecan some fruits even help seeds spread by letting them travel on the wind like the propeller shaped wings on the maple tree seeds or white dandelion fluff hey learning about plants can be a breeze other seeds attach themselves to an animal's fur or human's clothing and end up moving far away from the parent plant i can see how that would happen and animals sometimes swallow seeds when they eat the fruit some seed coats are strong enough to pass all the way through an animal's digestive tract so the seed is deposited along with fertilizer from the animal if you know what i mean ew every seed is a tiny plant ready to grow called an embryo and it has already formed leaves a stem and root parts the seed is just waiting for the right conditions to make it germinate and grow and then the whole cycle of growing producing food pollination and seed production can start all over again what's happening [Music] whoa some people ride motorcycles but we got to ride a life cycle we sure did but plants aren't the only organisms that have life cycles that's the truth just look at this this is the story of my life and the life cycle of all butterflies see this is a picture of me as a wee little egg uh how can you tell which one is yours why it's the prettiest one of course and this is me as a newly hatched caterpillar very cute that's just marvelous huh i mean marvelous he is making a play on words kevin larva is the second stage of development in the life cycle of a butterfly that's when we're in a caterpillar form during the larval stage we eat a lot then when our skin gets too tight we molt or shed our outer skin and repeat the process until we've become nice and plump oh yes see how big she is in this picture that's what she looked like just before she became a pupa a pupil you mean a student no silly he said pupa that's the third stage where caterpillars are enclosed in a chrysalis inside the chrysalis we complete our metamorphosis that means she transformed from an awkward caterpillar hey into a beautiful butterfly well i guess i do like the way i turned out the pupa stage is where i got my exoskeleton and my wings xo what exoskeleton it means having a skeleton outside so let me get this straight as a butterfly you start as an egg next you hatch into a larva and you eat grow and molt eat grow and molt several times then you become a pupa that's where you rest and complete your transformation and finally you emerge from the chrysalis as an adult butterfly then you lay eggs and the whole process starts over again and that's actually the life cycle of many types of insects butterflies mops beetles ants flies bees and wasps just to name a few not all insects go through all four stages of the life cycle but all insects belong to a large group of similar animals called arthropods that is one big group too over 80 percent of all known animal species are arthropods wow let's play a game [Applause] i'll list some characteristics of an animal group and you tell me if that is the group you belong to all of the animals in this group have an exoskeleton they have segmented bodies and jointed legs all of them are cold-blooded the body temperature of a cold-blooded animal is dependent on the temperature of its environment do you belong to this group no i don't have an exoskeleton but i do correct that group of animals is called arthropods [Applause] and that includes butterflies okay second round listen closely all of the animals from this group are vertebrates which means they have a spine they have gills for breathing underwater most of the animals in this group are covered in scales and have fins do you belong to this group [Music] well i do have a backbone but i don't have gills no i don't belong in that group great job that group of animals is called fish okay next round listen closely all of the animals from this group begin life with gills and live in water later they develop lungs and live on land they have moist hairless skin all of them are cold-blooded and they lay their eggs in water do you belong to this group [Music] no i've got quite a bit of hair on my head oh kevin you're good at this game that group of animals is called amphibians now remember i list the characteristics and you determine if you belong to that group are you ready i'm ready all of the animals from this group are vertebrates these animals lay their eggs on land and they have scales all of them are cold-blooded do you belong to this group [Music] no i'm not cold-blooded my temperature stays around 98.6 degrees hooray you're right again that group of animals is called reptiles okay this list is a little longer are you ready sure i can do it all of the animals from this group are warm-blooded vertebrates they breathe air and they are bipedal that means they walk on two legs like you um the animals in this group also lay hard shelled eggs and all of them have feathers wings and beaks do you belong to this group [Music] wow as you were reading that first part i thought that was going to be it but when you got to the end i don't have feathers wings or a beak whew that was a close one that group of animals is called birds now i think you're ready for a real challenge i'm ready all of the animals from this group are warm-blooded vertebrates they breathe air and have hair or fur most of the animals in this group are born live not hatched from an egg and the mothers produce milk after birth to feed their offspring all of these animals have three middle ear bones and a four chambered heart in their circulatory system do you belong to this group [Music] that's it that's the group i belong to you are a mammal we have a winner a winner what do i win what do i win you win a new card really wow all right [Applause] [Music] hey [Music] you're not old enough to drive we'll keep the car for you until you'll get your license we're off to the cellular learning center um okay but where is it i don't see a door well take a closer look [Music] where are we someplace really small microscopic even here at the cellular learning center we're going to learn about plant and animal cells and you might be surprised that there are more similarities than differences between them you mean i'm kind of like a plant your cells share many features with plant cells but there are important differences too for instance only plant cells have cell walls on the outside which are made of cellulose the cell walls help the plant cells maintain their shape both plant and animal cells have a cell membrane surrounding the cell it allows some things to come in and out of the cell and both cells have cytoplasm which is a jelly-like substance that contains the organelles the tiny organs of the cell both of these cells have a nucleus which is where all the genetic material is stored this genetic material is made of molecules called dna or deoxyribonucleic acid the nucleus contains all the information for running the cell and making new cells the nucleus is kind of like the control center every cell in an organism with a nucleus has the same genetic material or dna but there are many different types of cells how can that be each type of cell is able to perform a different function because certain parts of the genetic instructions are turned off and others are turned on now i see why it's called the control center only animal cells have organelles called centrioles which aid in cell division animal cells have two centrioles that are perpendicular to each other that means they're at right angles to each other bravo both plant and animal cells have ribosomes ribosomes are important because they help put proteins together the golgi bodies take the proteins that the ribosomes make and package them so they are easier to move algae the endoplasmic reticulum or er for short is the transportation network it takes the protein packages from the golgi bodies and moves them to where they are needed around the cell some of the er is smooth and some is rough the rough er has ribosomes on the outside both animal and plant cells get their energy from the mighty mitochondria [Music] plants have one really large organelle called a vacuole that fills a big part of the cell in a plant cell the vacuole primarily holds water but can also hold nutrients and waste when a plant has too little water in its vacuoles the plant wilts do animal cells have vacuoles yes but they only have very small ones their only roles are to digest things in the cell and get rid of cell waste do you remember what the plants have that's green and helps them with photosynthesis sure i do marco it's chlorophyll smart boy chlorophyll is stored in the organelles of the plant cells that are called chloroplasts lysosomes are a common organelle in animal cells but aren't found in many plant cells they help get rid of waste in animal cells and help with cell defense boy cells are just packed full of stuff okay kevin let's see how much you remember about the differences between the animal cell and the plant cell sure thing the plant cell has a cell wall and chloroplast this animal cell doesn't have those second the vacuoles in the plant cell are larger than the vacuoles in the animal cell and finally the animal cell has centrioles and lysosomes but this plant cell doesn't excellent it's time we got growing huh oh yeah we do need to size things up you're right here we go [Music] this doesn't look good it sure doesn't this ecosystem is way out of balance and i'm thinking we are still a bit too tiny let's get out of here we made it to the ecosystem learning center an ecosystem is a living community which depends on each of its living members as well as things like temperature water availability and the richness of the soil ecosystems vary in size they can be as small as a puddle or as large as the earth itself within each ecosystem there are habitats which may also vary in size a habitat is the place where a population lives a population is a group of organisms of the same kind living in the same place at the same time the habitat must supply the needs of the organisms such as food water temperature oxygen and minerals if the population's needs are not met it will try to move to a better habitat every organism in an ecosystem has an important part to play in the community a food chain shows the feeding relationship from one organism to the next and to the next and to the next in an ecosystem the arrows in the food chain show how the energy from one organism is transferred to the next the sun is the original source of energy for most food chains on earth it provides energy for the plants to produce their own food so plants are considered the producers in most food chains that means the algae is the producer in this food chain magnifico i like the way you apply what you're learning most animals cannot make their own food so they must eat plants or other animals to get the energy they need to live all animals are considered consumers herbivores or plant eaters consume plants carnivores consume other animals so in this food chain the mayfly the trout and the bald eagle are consumers i think he's got it now which ones are herbivores and which ones are carnivores the mayflies are herbivores because they only eat algae the trout and the bald eagle are carnivores because they eat other animals fantastic now what do you suppose would happen if a bunch of fishermen came and caught all of the trout well there would probably be a lot more mayflies and what would happen to the algae i guess it would get eaten up by all the extra mayflies that's right and without as many trout the eagles would probably have less to eat too see how the organisms all rely on each other we actually left out one important part of the food chain decomposers like bacteria break down both plants and animals when they die the nutrients that were in those organisms go back into the soil for the plants to use i understand so it's almost like a cycle yes but actually food chains are a bit over simplified as to what really happens in nature the food chain only shows one pathway for the energy to be transferred between organisms most consumers feed on several species these interconnected food chains form a food web take a look at this food web some animals like humans may even eat plants and animals organisms that eat both plants and animals are called omnivores can you tell which of the animals in this food web are omnivores let's see something that eats both plants and animals remember that the arrows show the direction of the flow of energy so the arrows point away from what is being eaten the producers are the pine tree the algae the grass and the huckleberry bushes so the only animal i see that eats from the producers and other consumers is the grizzly bear bravo kevin remember how i said that a habitat must supply the needs of the organisms yes well sometimes things can change in a habitat or in the population itself that will negatively affect the numbers of the population like what extreme weather diseases pollution overfishing over hunting or even introducing a new population of animals any of these can have a big effect on populations in an ecosystem nature is usually pretty good at balancing things over time i can see that everything in the ecosystem is connected and because they all depend on each other a balance is maintained you got it but if several of those factors change all at once and the wildlife population cannot find a new habitat suitable for them they can become endangered or even extinct but sometimes when the environment changes the animal populations are able to keep up through genetic adaptation let me tell you a story about a type of moth that lived in england originally most of the peppered moths were light-colored because the trees that they rested on had light bark and lichens so they had good camouflage exactly a few here and there were darker but most of the darker ones got eaten by birds they were eaten by birds oh probably because the birds could see them better you understand how this works then people in england build factories that put out a lot of pollution eventually the tree bark turned dark from the suit oh oh fortunately a few of the moths in the population had jeans which made them a little darker but they were still able to hide from the birds over time most of the peppered moths got darker and darker because it was easier for the dark peppered moss to survive on the suit-covered trees one day the british people decided they didn't like the pollution and they started cleaning up the way they ran the factories the tree bug once again became a lighter and lighter i'll bet the moth population changed back over time too you catch on fast kevin the peppered moth population was able to survive because they had a range of genes that produced different colors of wings so there were always some that could survive if the bark was light the lighter ones survived to have offspring if the bark was dark the darker ones survived to have offspring in other words the genetic traits that work the best for animals in certain habitats get passed on from generation to generation since they survive and if the environment or habitat changes then the traits that work best are those that surviving animals will have sometimes people select the genetic traits of animals they want huh how do they do that look at some of the different dog breeds available today to get these braids people selected dogs with specific traits that help them do certain tasks for example alaskan malamutes were bred by people in alaska long ago they chose large dogs with thick coats dogs with these traits could pull sleds in the cold weather they also looked for dogs that were intelligent loyal and affectionate to their masters so that the animals could be helpful in times of danger scottish shepherds bred collies to help them tend sheep collies have long coats to keep them warm in the winters and the double coat around their necks and chests protects them from wolves that might come after the sheep [Music] toxins were bred to have short legs muscular bodies and strong canine teeth choosing specific dogs for breeding gave dachshunds bold temperaments to hunt badgers even if it meant following them into their burrows i see how breeding animals to have certain characteristics could be really beneficial for people you betcha all living populations can adapt genetically these genetic changes can be affected by the environment or by people i guess that about wraps things up yep i'm ready for my life science test now bye bye for now good luck on your test [Applause] whoa i guess marco really did wrap things up hey marco [Music]

Channel: Rock 'N Learn

Views: 489,049

Keywords: science for kids, Rubbert Plant, xylem phloem song, 4th Grade Science, 5th Grade Science, Scott Cawthon, Luci Christian, life cycle for kids, genetic traits for kids, adaptation for kids, photosynthesis for kids, plant cells for kids, animal cells for kids

Id: gugUKAzc4O8

Length: 32min 8sec (1928 seconds)

Published: Fri Aug 24 2018