Lecture 9: Biblical Hebrew Grammar I - Dr. Bill Barrick

alright gentlemen let's go back and start again looking at the accents that you're dealing with in chapter 4 of the or actually chapter 5 excuse me chapter 5 of the textbook and so we want to remind you where we've been there we left off talking about some of these accents like the Zack F got dole the solute then we got to the conjunctive accents finally and we dealt with the MU knock that looks like the backwards L underneath the word and that's the strongest conjunctive joining accent disjunctive dividing conjunctive joining when you have words joined by a conjunctive accent you don't divide them you don't split them up you make certain you keep them together you can't put part of it in one sentence or in one clause and part of it in another clause you keep them together so they're very important to watch for and then we were talking about the method that it forces the syllable to remain open we talked about how it helps to distinguish and identify variant pronunciations of two things that look like they might mean the same thing but they really don't mean the same thing there are two different words with different pronunciations and then we talked about the aid in pronouncing long words where the method occurs there next to the ser a under the main at the beginning that's because you have four vowels here for regular vowels you have fork syllables and so to help out that accent and to not take away from the primary accent primer accent here still occurs on the syllable that has the olive in the comments so it's mayhaw arts and it's it's kind of like you come up and you go down and then you come up higher and then go back down so it's like may ha ribs okay and the accent the main accent still on the aw not on me it's a secondary accent just aids and pronounce pronouncing those long words and we talked about very briefly and here's where we want to come back to and pick this up again that when you have a pause indicated pause means any accent an accent brings a pause in the reading and accent is called tone it's called accent it's called emphasis it's called pause it's called tone because it tells you how to inflect your pronunciation it's called an accent because you accept the pronunciation at a certain point it's called pause because in reading the accent when it comes causes a brief pause in the reading or causes a drawing out of a sound in emphasis and the major stops like the solute in the ethnic especially involve what we call words in pause if you were chatting it in the synagogue you would draw that syllable out and you would give that sound extra of extra forms you'd say something like ha ribs you see you just carry it out longer and sometimes different different notes being used in the chanting will be what will occur and that causes a vowel change cut towel for example that's he killed it's one of our vocabulary words you learned cut towel at the end of a verse you see the two diamonds that's the soap pursuit that marks the end of the verse and there you have this salute the salute looks identical to the method but the salute only occurs on the last accented syllable of a verse so you'll always have the softest ook with it as well and you have a sopes ook here so you know this is not a method this is not a secondary accent this is the salute and so when you have a path occurring whereas eluc is then you will change that to a comet's and that's you need to enable the sound to be longer because the a sound is too short to carry out like that so it has to be the OO sound so instead of being caught ow it becomes qatal alright and that's if you're chatting it in the synagogue we're not going to read it that way all right we're just sake at all but this marks the pause and so it changes the vowel and it occurs primarily with the path ACK being changed to a comments if you have Paree an example where you have the a snack it becomes pet re here you have the schwa becoming a Segel and this is somewhat rare it doesn't occur frequently it will occur on occasion it's nowhere near the frequency of the path ACK being changed to a Commons but you will see it notice here it can occur with the eighth neck which is one of the primary disjunctive accents Paree means fruit and still beans fruit even when you change the vowel to us the goal because it's in pause it's in pause and nee here you see again you've got the South pursuit that indicates where at the end of verse therefore this line is not a method it is the solute and it's on a path ACK therefore it's going to be changed and is going to become on me okay it's heightened to a comments in pause it becomes omni still means i the capital i first-person pronoun personal pronoun i as in I did something alright and then we can have a situation like sharm rue sham rue is a here we have a meth a not a salute notice there's no double diamond after it so this is a method and if this is in pause it will shift the accent normally it's they kept Sharm Roux Sharm Maru actually Sean Maru and its secondary accent method moving to the other accent but if that occurs in the middle of the verse where you have the a snack it will change the two Shammar Shammar oh and that when you're that's another reason why when you're memorizing the verb forms you have to realize that there will be changes in certain situations so Sean Maru ends up as chamorro when it's in pause when it comes to the a snack in the middle of the verse it would do the same thing if it is the solute and the sope souk the two major pauses solute and ethnic there are occasions where the same thing happens with a zik-zak F cotton or with the Revilla at the quarter points in the verse but that's somewhat unusual the midpoint and final point of the verse is where this occurs most frequently okay any questions here I know it's a lot to take in right away John the pausing that's the primer it's not primary for chanting it's also for the meaning it's as though you came to a semicolon reading a sentence in English it's letting you know there's a change in meaning you're going to have a break in the concept the logical flow is going to have a switch a transition so it's just like punctuation in English okay anyone else all right now let's take a look at the textbook on chapter 5 for a minute to see if you had any questions in reading that chapter because then covering it here in the PowerPoint don't always emphasize the same things as what are emphasized in the textbook or we may get off-track and talk about various things that we're not in the textbook or there may be things in the textbook where you say I just don't understand what's going on here I trust that the kinds of accents the way they're laid out for you and you understand that bold arrow that's above the examples each one points out where that major accent occurs so you can see it and identify it without half the hunt for it keep in mind that when you read a Hebrew text there will be accents all the way through the verse most words will have an accent of one sort or another on them so it's not that you'll pick up the text and all you'll see is an ethnic and you'll see the sope souk and salute or you might see a couple of other accents you'll see the whole text accented there's all sorts of accents that will be involved and so this is just a simplified approach to give you a brief introductory view of what these accents are about did you have any questions in your reading going through yes all right okay for the air of 42 week when you place the Scylla you're placing it number the the accented syllables you're placing it in the accented syllable the last accented syllable of the verse how do you know where is the last night well I can this for example in this situation on how iris it's a Sega late noun that is always accented on the next to the last syllable its Eretz not err s and so we know where it goes so you have to understand you have to have memorized your vocabulary and pronunciation to know which word is pronounced certain ways as in your vocabulary you learned the word melech and you saw the accent over it so you know the fit occurs at the end then the solute is going to go on the accent the normally accent syllable normally accented so as the accent for the last syllable here we go last so that it be on the last syllable a yes correct okay good question any other questions yes James okay pedal is that the same function as no does a kefka dole does not have the same function as a cave cat own is a cave cat own Trump's Zach FK doll remember it's called doll not because it's the greater accent it's just because the bigger one because it has three marks in it rather than just the two and so it's a cave cotton is always super major as compared to Zach FK doll Zakia doll rarely makes any significant difference in a text or a verse you just have to remember it's a minor disjunctive accent okay so Keith cut tone is the one you want to remember the one with the two dots about it no those are cave got got old as no quarter marking okay any other questions alright then we went over the message and all the distinctions here if you'll note please on page 48 something very significant here to point out to you we talked about these there's left to your reading notice that if you have aa claw its food if you have Alcala its she ate notice the difference that the method makes the method opens that syllable that in the first example is closed the closed unaccented syllable is a what what we call that vowel comet sawtooth and so it's pronounced oak LA and it's unaccented and it means food it's a it looks the same it's spelled the same but it's pronounced differently and has a totally different meaning o claw is food Alcala is she ate and then notice that when you have yoru accented with the method to open it you have they fear and if it's year ooh notice it becomes a silence schwa and a closed syllable it's they see so they look the same they're spelled the same they fear and they see but they have two totally different meanings and they have two totally different pronunciations the first one is euro ooh it has a vocal schwa the second one has a silenced wha year oooh yeeaah ooh year ooh two totally different words they fear they see okay so that's why it's important to recognize the method and keep it straight look at it very carefully it'll help you in later translation all right let's then go on if you have no other questions we'll move on to chapter six we'll take a look at it and we'll then get out workbook exercise five a little bit and grade it probably after the break so if you have that ready to have that out somewhere let's talk about the article this was chapter six the article and interrogation in Hebrew to save the darkness the horse the man we put an article on the word and it's attached directly to the word it becomes part of the word it's spelled together with the word and it's pronounced together with the word and it has certain rules of the way that you put it together the way you attach it to the word so that if you put the article on the word city ear that begins with an i in which is a guttural it's going to be different than if you put it on to say ah Dom which also has a guttural but is a different guttural or if you put it on horshack which has a guttural but it's a strong guttural the Haythe or if you put it on something like Melek that has the mean which is not a guttural so all these things will have an effect and now we'll start putting to work the rule the rules that we learned actually more than one the rules we learned about gutturals what are the three rules of gutturals they prefer a class vowels they refuse doubling they prefer compound choise and these are going to become very important to us now as we start to look at the article we're talking about the article rule number one is you attach the article inseparably in other words it's joined to the word it's inseparable from the word you attach it inseparably with the Pathak followed by a doubling doggish alright those are the marks of the direct article and it is a hey that is used it's a hey so if we take the word melech which means what king and we put an article on it notice it's the hey with a path AK and a doubling doggish that goes in the very next letter so melech a king becomes hem Melek notice the doubling of the name hem Melek the king okay the hay with Pathak and a doubling doggish the doubling doggish goes in the very next letter okay so Melek is king hem Melek is the king okay let's pronounce these together what's this word Melek and this word okay hi Melek you keep the accent on the mill part okay hem Melek alright let's take another word Cole what does Cole mean sound or voice sound or voice we do what we put on it to put the article make it V sound or the voice the hey plus Pathak plus and where's the doubling doggish go in the cove so Cole becomes hak Cole hat Cole alright when you pronounce it very swiftly you can hardly hear the two coasts put in there alright if we have yome was yo mean not nation that's go day day yom is de not Yama that's see alright so yum becomes hey yom the day or this can be translated as to day today talk about today its how young alright so let's go back through these again and let's pronounce each one as we go okay pronounce this first one all right make sure you use the as sound its path back there okay have Melek hack Cole hey Yom alright and if we have this word shame which means name it becomes has shame and if we have the word for night li'ella it becomes halahala and if we have good eat which is the word for covenant it becomes had buried okay so here it's as though that bathe which notice if we take that hey article off and you've got the hardening doggish there the doggish laney you don't put two dog Isha's in the middle all right it just becomes we know when we look at this that this is a doubling doggish why because this is the article the article with the path that under it and this is not a guttural so it does not refuse gut it does not refuse doubling the bathe does not refuse doubling and with you have if you have the doubling doggish in a begad cough at letter it's the hard sound of the begad cough letter that is doubled so it's not have the wreath it's hab the wreath okay so it's happy so let's go through pronounce all six of these okay have Melek hack Cole hey yom hashem hal i allah had buried okay let's go through it again dennis translate the first one on the upper right not from translator okay George translate the middle one the top row at whole the voice okay and Mike the last one the top row today hey ole ole okay the day or two day Jeremiah the first one the bottom row half shame yawn what's it mean it rhymes how shame is the name the name shames name the name okay all right and Roger the middle one on the bottom row means what the night and habit Scott boo solo James would have the Covenant okay let's go through and pronounce these and then give the translation okay ham Milic the king haku oh the voice hey yo the day had shame the name hey Layla the night had buried the Covenant okay so that's the normal form of the article the normal form of the article if you look back at some of our first lessons in your textbook you saw Genesis 1:1 and Genesis 1:1 was better sheet bara Elohim eighth Hashem I'm with Haaretz what does that tell you about it Hashem I mean it has the article on it has a hey with a Pathak and a doggish machine hash ha myung v heavens alright so you'll see this many many times get used to it watch for it yes there are great number of words that that have their root begin with hey and the Pathak know there are not they're very very few right especially if you see the doubling doggish in the next letter okay because if you even if you have a root beginning with a hey and a Pathak you have to look to see if there's that doubling doggish notice you're looking for all three elements the hey the Pathak and the doubling doggish okay but that's a very safe thing yes yes David all right now rule number two it's attached and separately to a week guttural with the Komets and no doggish why no doggish God rules refused to be doubled gutturals refused to be doubled therefore the Hebrew compensates for that if we have the word like city ear the ioan rejects doubling its it's a guttural when it rejects the doubling doggish then the preceding vowel is heightened to compensate for that rejection alright there's compensation that goes on it's heightened so the hay with a Pathak with the doggish being rejected becomes a hay with the comments the short vowel had is substituted for by having them the long vowel the Komets rather than the Pathak okay so becomes hot ear okay ear becomes hot ear alright bounce this ear and and be careful about that I may have misled you in that the way I pronounced it myself getting sloppier it's hot ear the accents on the last syllable okay hot ear okay here is city ha ear is the city okay if we have rush rush is head the hit the race is sometimes a guttural and sometimes refuses doubling and it does so when there is an article and it becomes haroche v head okay so pronounce this one roche and haroche okay and it means head and the head okay oh hell oh hell is and notice the accent has to be on the old part there don't say it the other way you'll sound like you're swearing alright oh hell is the word 4/10 it means temped and it's an olive it'll refuse doubling therefore the 10th is hot oh hell all right everyone pronounce the word without it oh and with the article right ha oh hell it means what the tent the tent let's take f F F F means what no that's evident F F means evening evening so it becomes hot Aerith okay without it with it was it mean the evening if we have rule AK Ruach means what spirit or wind and we're going to put the article on it the race again refuses doubling here and it becomes how ruach ha Rua cleans what the spirit or the wind then we have ah Dom what Saddam mean man and when it's used without the article it can mean the name Adam but with the article it does not mean Adam alright this can be Adam or men this is only the man ok and notice what happens here what's that little accent on the left-hand side of the first comments method method because we have three syllables all with long vowels then it's ha ah Dom the AH part has no accent the ha has a secondary accent the major accent still at the end ha Dom everyone ha ah Dom again ha Oh Dom was it mean the man ok so notice because of the rule of the gutturals that what refuses doubling refuses it rejects the doubling doggish the doggish forte therefore in compensation the Pathak is heightened to a comments but still the article rule number three it's attached inseparably to a strong guttural with a path ACK and no doggish the strong governor's remember our hey and hey 'the hey and hey 'the and if you go back and you look at this previous set here you'll see we have I an olive and rash those are the weak gutturals I an olive and rash but now we're dealing with the strong gutturals words that begin with hey and faith on hey and faith the guttural still rejects doubling it rejects the doubling doggish but it accepts a Pathak rather than compensating so it is actually doubled in pronunciation although it's not written with doubling hey call means palace it can also be used of a temple it becomes half a call instead of ha a call it's half a call ok everyone have a call what does it mean the palace the palace all right head Ville everyone pronounce it Hevel means vanity it's the word that's used in Ecclesiastes vanity vanity all is vanity all right it's head Ville Hevel Colville alright so you get this head Ville put an article on it it's - hey with a Pathak no doggish because the hay is a guttural rejects the doubling doggish but it's actually in a sense still pronounced although you can't even hear it then you come to the Haythe the same thing another strong guttural Koscheck everyone Koscheck co shek you'll notice here the whole 'm coincides with the dot over the right-hand horn of the sheen alright sometimes you'll see it written separately over the upper left-hand corner the Haythe sometimes you'll see it written this way and so when you see a constant like that without a value look around for a vowel and if you see a dot over the sheen that's where it is it's right there they just coincide alright close check means darkness the darkness is half whole okay everyone ha ho check all right then we have who now in in Hebrew who is he he is she and me is who alright who is he everyone say that who is he he is she and me is who that's because in the Hebrew who means he he means she and me means who all right it's kind of like that old who's on first right so it you'll you'll have to just learn those and try to keep them straight you'll get confused from time to time but who is the personal pronoun third masculine singular meaning he and sometimes it's used as a definite or is not a definite excuse me as a demonstrative pronoun that and when it's used as that and if it's going to be attached to a noun that is definite then it needs to take the article and so this is not V he it's V that one that has do with if you're saying that house it's have IE ha who is that house you see and so this is what it's being used as an adjective not as a personal pronoun that'll take the article this way it's how every one hapu and then this is tested everyone s it s it is one of the most beautiful wonderful world words in all the Hebrew Bible it's the word that is so often translated as loving kindness but loving kindness doesn't do it justice it has much more meaning than that it's more than loving kindness in fact that gives the idea of just kind of a warm feeling sometimes Cassatt and the hebrew has to do with steadfast loyal love steadfast loyal love in fact the Orthodox Jews who want to demonstrate that they are very different from all the other Jews the ones that wear the curls beside their ears where the the black hats where the black clothing and where there prayer shawls underneath and hanging out underneath they have the beard those are called what kind of Jew Hasidic that is from the same root word as hesed why do they call themselves Hasidic Jews they are the loyal ones they are the loyal ones they're the fundamentalists they are the loyal ones the hath siddhim all right so Hesed means steadfast loyal love it means a love that does not change as unaltered its loyalty it is God keeping his covenant it is covenant love is what is talking about joined together with covenant faithfulness so Hesed is a very important word the loyal love is half acid everyone ha Essen right kitty-kitty is a proper noun it means the Hittites the Hittites all right and if you want to say the hittite you say half keyd all right so this is rule number three attached the article is attached inseparably to a strong guttural with a Pathak and no doggish because the strong guttural follows the rule that says what gutturals refused the doubling doggish they reject the doubling doggish rule number four the article is attached inseparably to an unaccented hey with a comments I in with the Comets and always faith with the Comets by means of a seagull and no doggish because these are three gutturals they reject the doubling doggish so far pronounce it ah far no it's not not far off far just have to remember this is doesn't have that deep guttural sound the ioan is silent afar everyone afar it means dust when Adam was created out of the fire of the earth he was created out of the dust of the ground afar v dust is far far because you have an unaccented onion and comments right after the article rejects the Dublin doggish but changes the vowel that you would normally be a path back changes it to a seagull och cave everyone a cave a cave he'll becomes a cave when it's the he'll everyone our cave our cave Kozik means strength everyone Kozik strength when you want to say V strength it's half as ik everyone hath Kazakh and then on net on none on nan means cloud everyone on none on on the cloud is heaven on everyone yeah none and then the jamon means multitude jamon multitude force AV multitude it becomes hair jamon hair jamon okay remember this is when it the article the hay is attached to a noun that has as its first syllable an unaccented unaccented hey ayan or Haythe with a comet's beneath it okay alright let's go to rule number five attached inseparably to an accented ha or ah the hey or I in with the comets and no doggish as in of of is another word for cloud and it becomes ha of because it's accented the unaccented it was a goal the accented it becomes a comments we're talking here about the word that follows it the first syllable following the article is an accented syllable so it's ha of and edits becomes our 'let's with the hey ha audits it's funny situations where if you add the article the thing changes here and part of it the reason for the Sehgal changing to a comet's is due to another rule of the gutturals and what one is that they prefer a class vowels they prefer a class files so Eretz earth becomes ha our 'it's the earth ok pronounce this word ha aris ha aris what's the sink what's the one without the article Eretz and what's the one with the article ha aris notice the accent it's accented and that's why you have the comments under the hey article alright hare means mountain or Hill and when we put the article on it you lengthen also the Pathak under that initial hay and becomes ha ha there are only 5 nouns and all the Hebrew Bible that make this change and you've got two of them right here that are very frequent the word for mountain the word for earth switch and make that comets there in that accented syllable it's regular form you don't see it there you don't see it in the hair you don't see it in Eretz but it shows up when you put the article on am becomes ha it's the third of the five words in the Hebrew Bible these three are the most familiar the other two are somewhat rare and you'll rarely see I think they're given for you though in the textbook ok so these three Eretz hair and am change to a comments when you put the article on and the article also takes the comments any questions let's review one more time what is the basic structure of the definite article in Hebrew three things about it number one what do we see the let's go with something even better the hade start with the constant the hey because even if you have an unpainted Hebrew text you see the constant right so it's a hey put where on the word at the beginning now it's very important to remember because an Aramaic the article goes on the ends of words instead of the beginning so one of the differences between Hebrew and Aramaic Aramaic puts it at the end hebrew puts it at the beginning so it goes at the beginning of the word the hey at the beginning of the word is a definite article it normally takes what valve Pathak and it normally does what else it puts a doubling doggish in the next letter following it all right and then it will change because we have situations involving what gutturals we have situations involving gutturals that make the various changes that we've looked at let's go on to the interrogative hey before we turn to our workbooks and talk about exercise number five rule number one on interrogative hey that's a hey that is put as a prefix on a sentence and it indicates that is a question so in English we put a question mark at the end of a sentence in Hebrew the question mark is at the beginning of the sentence and it's consists of that hey that is used and it's usually attached inseparably to the first word the question with a hot tafe Pathak so shah mare is he kept if we want to ask the question did he keep we say Hesse hamer Hesse Chimere becomes did he keep did he watch has he kept has he watched does he keep does he watch will he keep will he watch and the reason I have all those tenses in there is because tense or time in the Hebrew does not reside inherently in the verb forms it is determined by context and context alone and that's something you'll hear over and over again as I'll repeat it we'll keep using a past tense just for simplicity sake in translating our vocabulary forms will translate Shum as he heard will translate Shammar as he kept or he watched and that's just a matter of simplicity and maintaining that for the sake of keeping things simple as possible for the initial translation of these things and doing vocabulary quizzes but this can be translated any number of ways but the hat the head there be turns it into a question John now it will not always be over it'll be any first word whether the first word is a prepositional phrase for the first word is a subject where the first word is the direct object where the first verb first word is the verb whatever is the first word in that sentence that will be the one to take the hey that's interrogative right now all examples are verbs just for simplicity again not to get too confused by having it all jump around but and they're easy to handle in that regard all right and then we have low hamer and here you have an adverb first not the verb first all right low Shammar is he did not keep or he does not keep or he has not kept or he will not keep okay so with the negative there you put that right on it did he not keep does he not keep will he not keep you see so the interrogative goes on the first word even if it is in the verb goes on the adverb in this case okay the negative the negative low if we have show mayor ahi on okey I am my brother's keeper show mayor is keeper ahi my brother on no key is I all right so if we have it this way its I am my brother's keeper but we know that that's not what Cain said right he said Hesham or Hess show mayor aji on no key all right he said am I my brother's keeper all right so he said has show mayor aji on no key am I my brother's keeper there you have it on a participle as the first word in that sentence rule number two it's attached inseparably to a word beginning with the guttural or schwa by means of a path deck so if you have Shem out Tim which is the you masculine plural kept or you will keep or you do keep and you put the interrogative hay on it it is a Pathak and not a hot DIF Pathak why is that go ahead go ahead cut okay we use notice we use the compound schwa on it the pot of Pathak because it for compound choise it goes to the Pathak because that is the long form of that short form it's an a class Val that's true but there's another reason here why not have a hot of Pathak at the beginning of this word because the schwa we'd have to choise two half vowels in a row we'd have two half vowels in a row and you do not put two half vowels in a row at the beginning of a word regardless of whether they're compound or simple you do not put two half vowels to get the begin the word so that first one the hot tip path back then changes to a Pathak becomes hash mahtim hash mark them all right at paw is the personal pronoun you second masculine singular you at tha it becomes ha why because we have a guttural that is the very next letter it's the guttural olive that makes this then go to a Pathak yes I remember an olive can't be doubled it rejects them but the olive is one of those weak gutturals where what happens if it rejects the doubling doggish right moves to a comments to compensate so if this were the vu which wouldn't happen anyway but if it were you'd have a comments under the hey so you know this isn't the article because you don't have compensation for the rejected doubling out of a week guttural it would have to dumping dock right that'd be the difference the hey interrogative does not ever have a mm Yogesh alright so that's the way you would tell the difference correct alright so that is you are you ha ha are you alright then we have rule number three the hey in rocket was attached inseparably to a word beginning with a guttural and a comments by means of a seagull ha ha the word for sin is it's in Hakata Ovid he destroyed will he destroy has he destroyed a VAD notice this is the guttural with a comments under it then your interrogative changes to a sigil now this point you have a more difficult task but that's where you have to go by context that's where you go by context and your vocabulary because you know I've adds a verb and not a noun so it can't be an article alright so you had three rules they're interrogative pronouns rule number one the main and hey are attached by means of a Pathak a mock F and a doggish to none gutturals so Melek if you want to say what king it's Matt Matt Melek notice you have the main and hey a path under that name and a doubling doggish after the mock eighth the MA cave is what looks like a - up there that's elevated that line between the two words is a mock eighth the mock eighth merely indicates that the words it attaches together are to be pronounced as one word it has no other significant at all and I'll repeat that about a hundred times the semester all right ma cave does nothing but to show that the words that it connects are to be pronounced as though they were just one word so this is mam Melek okay you don't have any accent on them because the accent comes on meth it's pronounced all together quickly you don't say Matt Melek it's ma'am Melek it's pronounced as one word everyone ma'am Melek again ma'am Melek what does it mean Dennis what King notes there no dot here okay what King okay what King or could be in a sentence that says why o king all right why King bee what King what King what King which King is the idea what King all right cut dev is he wrote maktab everyone maca dev again maca TAV notice we have a begad Fath letter the cough the dog is shin it is serving two purposes is the doubling doggish that is joined together with the man and is serving as the hardening doggish for the begad cough a fletchers it's not mac hot TAV it's not a aspirated form of the cough it's the hard form it's matt cut ave alright Matt cut out mispronounces one word the accent is on tab last syllable here Matt cut Ave all right Mac I have not Mac attack all right Matt got tab everyone Macca tab all right means what did he write what did he write how did he write okay why did he write or you can have different tenses it can be why is he writing why will he write how will he write knows context will tell you what the tense is what the time situation is but this is the idea of how why or what not har Naha is the word for a river and we have Manohar notice the doggish doubling doggish there men the har everyone Manohar Manohar what River okay yom is day naome means what day okay man yom now yom okay what day so that is how this interrogative pronoun is attached to nouns verbs any word that does not have a guttural beginning it non guttural the beginning cough doesn't have a gutter at the beginning Melek doesn't have a guttural at the beginning Nahar doesn't have a guttural at the beginning yom doesn't have a guttural at the beginning rule number two man attached by comets and ma cave to the gutturals olive hey sometimes hey and resh all right so here we have regul everyone regul regular fit or leg all right reg l so if we want to save what leg my leg L okay my leg L at pas you what you how are you may use Marsh Lanka for saying that not mat at table that it becomes mata Mata everyone Mata okay a deer means mighty MA a deer how mighty okay MA a deer and had da bar tell me something about had guevara what do you see there we have an article on it how do we know it's an article we have a hey we have a Pathak and we have a doggish remember this dog ish is in what kind of letter though begad cough ass so how do we know if it's doubling doggish or not well it only you only learn that because you know by vocabulary devar is a noun meaning what word thing matter affair and it makes sense then the article would be had devar so we'll assume it's the article the word alright and SMAW had the bar okay ma had the bar mahad the bar everyone mahadev our what is the word why the word how is the word okay Mahadev our rule number three the name and hey are attached by sigil and sometimes make--the especially to gutturals with comets so if we have Osito Osito means you make or you do ii masculine singular if we want to say what are you doing what have you done okay what will you do it's met heceta met a sita everyone met a sita everyone met a sita is what have you done what will you do what are you doing but it can occur sometimes without the McKeith it can occur sometimes without the make--the so you won't always see it with the make--the hi-yah he was he is he will be hi-yah meh hi-yah how is he how will he be what will he be Mejia what has he been a Olney my iniquity met Oni what is my sin what is my iniquity what is my guilt how am i guilty okay now before a guttural with comets and you're probably saying right now but wait a minute there's one there without ecommons which one is it the hot type Pathak here we have a on not our own the reason for that is that this word normally is our own the actual form you'll learn for vocabulary is our own iniquity guilt it does have this the reason it doesn't have here is the first common singular pronoun no suffix has been put on it here mine and it's drawn that away but it's still treated as though the Comets were still there all right so that lets you know that there's a lot of complicated factors being taken into consideration when you look at these things and it still follows the rule in the master Reid's mind now go to page 55 of the textbook you have a decision table for the definite article normally you have a hay with a Pathak and a doggish so do we add or do we not add we start with is the article before an eye on faith hay or olive or a rash if no then we add the hay with a Pathak and a doggish but if yes then we have to ask the next question which of those five letters is it is it olive or rash is an ion or is it hay and Haythe if it's all of a rash we just add a hay with the comments and we're basically done with it okay if it's an onion we have to look at whether or not it's unaccented or whether it's accented if it's accented we add ha if it's unaccepted we go down and add here if it's a hay or a faith if it's ha and its accented or if it's ha unaccented we still use a hay with a Segel if it's a faith or hay but does not have a comments the faith or the hay without the comments we go to a hay with a Pathak if it is an accented comments it's a hay with a comments under a hay with comments so there's the decision table that's the flow chart that you follow that's how you make the decisions those decisions help you now when you do your exercise for this type of thing for exercise 5 and you're using the workbook keep in mind all in information in your workbook is available so had I been you I would have sat there with my workbook exercise number five and I would have had this table in front of me and I would have use this to add any articles on and I would recommend that for whatever you do for any of the exercises in the future as well go back to that decision table and utilize it to help you make the decision okay so go to exercise number five let's talk about it exercise number five accents and review of syllables is going to be covered here it's going to be exercise six where you actually get into the articles all right briefly describe the function of following accents what is the function of a snack Chad good it denotes the principle logical division of the verse what is the principal use of this solute the function of solute Eric okay the prince will stop at the end of the verse followed by South Basu that gets us to number three Mike what's the function of number three the sope sook Julian it shows the endeavours number four Kyle what's the function of Zach eight cat tone it's a weaker logical division which marks the quarter point of the verse okay good and you could put there some x marks the quarter point or often marks the quarter point or normally marks the quarter point za Kefka tone will be used in more than just quarter points okay za Kefka tone mu knock number five Scott Jackson what's the function of mu knock draws the most first much conjunctive good which means it's the joining or connecting accents the strongest joining accent connective accent conjunctive accent alright any questions on those first five all right let's new move to Part B divide the following words into syllables by drawing a vertical line between each syllable let's begin with number 1 FF where do we draw the line on Erev gus between the race and the iron divides it into two syllables where do we put it on kavod Jeff between the bait and COFF again two syllables kah and vote all right David Lee what about baruk between the bathe and the race these are all very simple aren't they easier all right Eric what about the fourth one at Cole there is no dividing because the the hot death Pathak cannot form a syllable okay any syllable having to do any vowel with two dots in it whether it's by itself or whether it's together with a comment say Segel or Pathak and the hot date valves none of those can ever form a syllable by themselves this is a one syllable word at Cole so it should not be divided okay Yan how about Hamer the fifth word go ahead you haven't started right she okay you started right you said Shh you were on the right sound Sheen okay between the sheen and the name sha and then mer alright what about the next one Denis between the coke and the teeth tape okay between the coke and take Kai and Tao okay Scott ba solo the next word melech okay between the name and the lawmen Matt and lek okay James would next to last bara between the bathe and the rash and the last word fronds between the Yoda and the cuff yah and Cole okay the second line gets a little bit more difficult now Americ da all right Kyle how do we divide this one divided between the aleph and then also the race right correct divide it between the rich and town not between the race and main okay because the schwa under the race is silent it follows a short vowel Pathak and also notice the doggish in the begad cough a flutter begad cough a letter takes a doggish in it when it begins syllables so that's your first clue the doggish in the towel is beginning a syllable so that means the race with the choise ending a syllable so you have three syllables you divide a line between the Oliphant name and a line between the ratio and the Tau sha merit the second word there Jeremiah where do we put the dividing lines between the main machine and that's the only place okay just between the MAME and machine EDM ma Gregg between the dolla meme the only place because that first vowel cannot form a syllable by itself elohim kelly between the lung and the head between the llama and the hay correct make certain you try to keep that dot above the hey that's the O that goes with the lawmen on the right hand side okay because hello you have to have that value have to have a full vowel for that syllable and that's that's it so it's a little bit tricky but you can work it in there okay coca veeam Tom where do we divide it between the coffee and the law between the cough and the Wow and and also between the they faith and the cop right so that middlecoff has a line on each side of it there's a line to the left the line to the right of that middlecoff so that one syllable is Veeam one syllable is kah and the first syllable is co all right shall minute where do we divide this one Roger okay so here the lines go on both sides of the main the first syllable starting the end is rift the middle syllable is met and the first syllable is show okay the last one where we have bashed to Kim and I pronounced it for you tells you something doesn't it bust the Kim gorge between the sheen and the how okay so only place it goes those two choise in the middle the first is silent which is a syllable ender the second is vocal which is a syllable beginner it goes between the two choise in the middle of the word and when you have this closed unaccented syllable at the beginning the Komets is Komets hot tooth and it means literally this means you are ashamed of you and it's from Boetsch okay so three number three as we look at it we have sockeye yeah Jeff right after the scene notice the method the method keeps that first syllable open if it keeps it open then the COFF with the schwa has to begin the next one and not close that one so it's uh okay yeah alright the next one lay more Kempis between the olive and the main correct the olive is silent goes with its Airy alright a vote they Kim John Strickland No top okay so you divide between the Yoda and the cough Kim Kim becomes the in syllable the next syllable is teh the towel sorry ode and the first syllable is EV o because the olive with the hot diff Pathak cannot form a syllable by itself Ella Kim how do we handle this one James Lee going to come between the Yoda and the cuff that's the only place la is the first syllable Kim is the last syllable ok hallo l'm hallo l'm how do we handle this one john milk on okay so the last syllable islam the middle Sybil is o and the first syllable is hal the short Pathak means the llama is a silent schwa closing that syllable right and then the last word let's see have I called on everyone who haven't I called on Mike I may have called on me before but we'll call him again between the Dolloff and the rich okay so the first syllable at the end there is new the next one is K the cough sorry ode the next one is riche and comets and the first one is the cough here ik Dolloff silent schwa kid it's a short vowel here ik okay num on C indicate whether the following comments vowels are comets or comets a tooth by circling the correct answer what's the Comets in number one Franz what's the comment yes is it comments or comments on to film it's comments right it's not gonna closed on X and soul alright number two Scott by solo well in the comments in the second vial of the condensation can the second valve be a comet sawtooth is it a closed unaccented syllable it's not it's an accented syllable remember the method is a secondary accent so the accident still here is on the last law and the hey can't close a syllable it's silent so both of these are common PSA's Kelly holy when the first syllable has the as a major accent it's only when there's a major accident beginning that last little movie accent that's correct that's correct secondary doesn't take it away all right in fact I know of no examples where you have a comet sawtooth is the last syllable all right Scott Jackson it is a common say but it's still a comets not a comet sawtooth yes both all right number three Kyle first now second now what are they uh first valve a helmet sawtooth and second valve coments correct first aisle is comet sawtooth second is a commis you

Channel: The Master's Seminary

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Keywords: Dr. Bill Barrick, The Master’s Seminary, Learn Biblical Hebrew, Biblical Hebrew Grammar, Hebrew, Old Testament Language, Bible Languages, Hebrew Language (Human Language), Old Testament (Religious Text)

Id: vTfoLNDg2E4

Length: 70min 20sec (4220 seconds)

Published: Thu Mar 15 2012