Hello. My name is Emma, and in today's lesson,
I'm going to teach you the four futures. Okay? A lot of you know two futures, I think. A lot
of you probably know "will" and "going to". I'm going to teach you two more futures
today, and teach you how they're different from one another. Okay? So let's get started with the present continuous
future. So the present continuous is when you have "be" verb, so "I am", "you are",
"he is", "she is", "they are", I don't know if I said "we are", "we are" plus the verb
and "ing". Okay? So we have "am", the verb, "ing". This is known as the present continuous.
It's usually one of the first things you will learn when you're learning English. So a lot
of you know the present continuous, and you think: "Oh, present continuous, it's taking
place now." You're right, but we can also use it to talk about the future. We use the
present continuous to talk about future that is going to happen
very, very soon. So, for example, if you ask me: "Emma,
what are you doing this weekend?" Well: "I'm hanging out with my friend,
Josh, this weekend." Okay? Or I might say: "I'm
shopping this weekend.", "I'm studying this weekend." If you ask me:
"What are you doing tonight?" Well, you know, I want to be a good student, so: -"I'm
studying tonight. I'm studying tonight." -"What are you doing next
week?" -"Well, next week... I'm working next week." Okay?
So present continuous is very, very common for when we're talking
about the future that's going to happen soon. Not future that's going to happen 2,000 years
from now or 50 years from now - no, no, that's far future. We're talking about the future
that's going to happen in the next couple of days. Okay? So very,
very soon future. We can also use the simple present to talk
about the future. So, the simple present is when you take a verb and, you know, it's in
the basic form, usually you add an "s". If it's third-person singular, for example: "I
leave", "you leave", "he leaves", "she leaves", "they leave", "we leave". So this is all simple
present. In your classes, you probably learned we use the simple present when we talk about
routine. We can also use the simple present when we're talking about routines in the future.
Okay? So, for example... And by this I mean timetables. We use this when we're talking
about a schedule event; something that is scheduled to happen in the future. So, this
usually has to do with when we're talking about transportation; trains, airplanes, we
can use this tense. We can use it when we're talking about TV shows. We can use it when
we're talking about restaurants opening and closing, or stores, when they open and close.
So we use this when we're thinking about a schedule or a timetable. So here are some examples: "The
last train leaves at 6pm today." So 6pm hasn't happened yet.
It's in the future, but because this is a schedule
event, it's a timetable event, it's a schedule, we can use the simple
present. Here's another example: "The restaurant opens
at 5pm today." So this hasn't happened yet. Right now,
it is 2pm. This is going to happen in the future. But still, I use the simple
present because this is a schedule. Okay? Every day the restaurant
opens at 5pm. Here's a third example, I
like watching TV, imagine I like The Big Bang Theory: "My TV show, The
Big Bang Theory, starts at 4pm." So again, it's a routine, it's a schedule that takes
place in the future, but it's still a schedule so we can use the simple present here. All
right, so these two, even though they're present tenses, they can be
used for the future. Now let's look at the two verbs we commonly
use for the future or we commonly think of as future verbs. "Be going to" + a verb
and "will". So, "be going to" + verb: "I'm going to study.",
"I'm going to sleep.", "You are going to watch a video." Okay?
These are examples of the "be going
to" + verb future. So we use this when we're
talking about the near future. Similar to this... So it's not a future
that's very, very far away; it's soon, but it's a future where we think something is
going to happen, and we have evidence that something is going to happen. So, for example: "I'm going to study
English next month in Canada." This means you probably have your ticket
already bought, you're pretty sure about this. There's not a lot of confusion. This is almost going to happen almost
certainly. So you're pretty sure about this. "I'm going to study
English next month." Another example, imagine I watch
the weather station. Okay? And the meteorologist has predicted the weather,
but it's a very good prediction because we see these clouds in the sky, there's a lot of
evidence it's going to rain. Because there's evidence, we could use this
tense and we could say: "It's going to rain all week." So this is based... It's in the near future, but
it's based on some sort of evidence. This is likely to happen, and we're pretty sure it's going
to happen. We have some evidence that makes us think it's going to happen. So this is a bit different from "will", which
is one of the maybe easier futures to think about. We use "will" + a verb. For example: "I will
always love you.", "I will study hard.", "I will do my taxes on time." Okay? So we use "will" + a
verb when we're talking, first of all, in the far future. So this is all
soon. This is very soon; whereas this, is very far. So for example: "In 50 years, everyone
will speak Chinese." We use this also when we're
not so sure about something. This is my prediction, but
I don't have much evidence of this. I'm not very, very sure, so I will
use "will" because I'm not sure; whereas if I'm very sure, there's a lot of evidence, I
know it's going to happen, I do "be going to". So this one, there's not a lot of evidence, and
it's a prediction we don't have evidence for. Another example: "Aliens will invade Earth."
Okay? In 25 years, aliens are coming, they will invade the Earth. I don't mean to
scare you. Luckily, I'm using "will", which means I'm not really sure. If I said to you:
"This week, aliens are invading the Earth", you'd be very scared. If I said: "Aliens are
going to invade the Earth. I know this. I have secret government documents." I'd be
using this, and you'd be scared, too. But with "will", it's "will" so you don't
have to be scared. It might not happen. We also use "will" when we're making promises.
Okay? So if somebody ever gets down on their knee, and says: -"Emma, will you marry me?" -"I will marry you." It means I'm promising
to marry you. Okay? Or maybe I don't really
like the person, I might say: "I won't marry you." "Won't" is the negative form of "will".
So I promise not to marry you. I don't know in your culture, but in Canadian
culture and many Western cultures, for New Years, we always make these resolutions. We
think: "Oh..." When it's New Years, when it's January 1st, we make some sort of promise to our
self that we're never going to do something again, or we're going to start doing something.
We normally use "will" for these. So, for example, maybe you have had too
many beers, and you're thinking: "I don't want to
ever drink again", you might make a
promise to yourself: "I won't drink again. I
will never drink again." Okay? Or maybe you
want to stop smoking: "I will never smoke again. I
will never do this again." Okay? Maybe your parents are angry
at you because, you know, you did really bad on a test: "I promise I will work harder,
I will study harder." So these are promises. We
use "will" for promise. Finally, we also use "will" for volunteering.
Okay? When we want to volunteer for something, we want to offer our help. We want to help
someone, we can use "will". So, for example: -"Emma, can you clean the
dishes?" -"I'll do it." -"Emma, can you
vacuum the floor?" -"Sure. I'll vacuum.", "I'll get the telephone.", "I'll help you with
your homework.", "I'll help you learn English." I'm volunteering, and so
I use "I will". Okay? So just to recap, just to
quickly go over everything: there are four futures
I'm teaching you today. Present continuous can be used
as the future if it's very soon. Simple present can be used for the
future if it's a routine or schedule, something that's like... If you look at a schedule in the future,
we can use the simple present. We can use "be going to" if we're talking about the near future and
some kind of plan that... Or prediction we have evidence for. We are pretty certain it's
going to happen. And then we can use "will" and a verb for the far future for a promise
or when we want to volunteer for something. Okay? So, there you have
it, four futures. I invite you to come visit our
website at www.engvid.com. There, you can actually
practice these on our quiz. I hope you will do it soon. I hope, actually... I hope you're
doing it today or tomorrow. Okay? So until next
time, take care. I wish you the best of luck. And good day, sir.
