Hello friends! I’m Luke Amadeus Ranieri and this is the Ecolinguist Channel, and today I’ll be speaking exclusively in Latin with these wonderful people. Here are the rules of this game: I’ve got some words, and I’ll give clues about these words to our guests. And who are these guests? Well, we’ve got Gustavo with whom you can learn English, you can hear Linda speaking Italian on her podcast, and you can also listen to Isidor who teaches vernacular Mexican Spanish. Well, friends, are you ready? Ready. Great, and you’re also allowed to take notes. So, the first word: This is something that you can eat. We eat this. So, it’s a food, a kind of food, and it comes from plants. It comes from trees. It’s a food, because comes from trees. It’s fairly sweet. Ok. So, do you have any questions? Is it a fruit? Correct, it’s a fruit, a kind of fruit. Right. Is it a specific fruit or…? Yes. Right. Good. Gustavo? I understood that it's a tree and it's sweet, its flavor is sweet. It is a fruit and it's also sweet. Right, yes. Great. And this fruit is also usually red, though it can also be other colors. It can be golden, and green, but tends to be, it’s usually red. It is the fruit of the original sin? Wow, good point, man! Great, and now write! And at the same time show your answers! Wonderful! All perfect. Great, and of course it’s ‘mālum’ (‘apple’) in Latin. In your languages is there a word with ‘māl-/mālo’? Of course, bad, the opposite of good, right? Ahh, that’s different though! Since in Latin we have long and short vowels. So ‘malum’ is something else. 'Malum' and 'mālum'. ‘Malum’ (‘bad’) means like ‘a bad man’ or ‘malevolent’. ‘Mālum’ is the fruit. And it’s not the same as ‘bad’. But for example in Latin there’s also 'mālogrānātum' (pomagranate) which is another fruit. Do you have ‘pomegranate’? What is it in Portuguese, in Brazil? malum granatum... I believe you're talking about "pomegranate" What’s ‘romã’? I'm not... I'm not sure if I got it right but if you're saying "granatum" I'm thinking of the origin and I'm thinking of the origin of the word "romã" as "pomegranate" in English. but I'm not sure whether or not the analogy makes sense. "Granatum" means several grains, right? But again, I'm not sure. Yeah, I think. Right, a pomegranate has — it’s a fruit with many sweet seeds inside. And Linda, what were you about to say? Yes, “melograno” the tree, “melagrana” the fruit, right? ‘Melograno’, right. Correct. Wonderful! So, that was easy. Now the second word. Are you ready? Ready. Great, the second word… is: many people in one group. These people have the same origin. They are potentially members of a household, but not just household members, also blood relatives Are they...? Go on, Isidor! Ok, it is a group of people... Yes, right! They are united by family relationships but not necessarily? Not in one family, but many families in one group. Gustavo. The same origin, I understood. The same origin. Not necessarily the family's origin. Would it be related to the origin of someone's nationality? Yes, perfect! Good, so a synonym is ‘tribe’. ‘Tribe’ is a synonym. I’m thinking of a word but I think the meaning of this word… It would be something larger than a tribe, but I’m not sure. It could be. It can be more big, or larger. Right, good. And Linda? I’m not sure. Is there a political word with the same root? A political word… A word connected to politics? not necessarily. In your languages you have this word. And it means ‘many people’, it usually means ‘many people’. Good. So, should we write down the word? Good. Please write your answers. I’m not sure, actually... Well, try. Good job. Good! You all got it! Since ‘gēns’ also means ‘la gente’ (the people) or ‘popolo’ (populus). It’s similar. ‘Gēns’ is usually also, for example, in Roman names. A good example: Gāius Jūlius Caesar (Julius Caesar). 'Jūlius' is his ‘gēns’, or tribe. It’s Julius Caesar’s tribe. Or also ‘Vergilius’. Virgil had the ‘Virgilian’ gēns. Good. So yeah, ‘populus’ (‘people’) is a synonym, 'gēns' is a synonym, and people who come from the same country. Good! So, the word ‘gente’ in Spanish for instance I was thinking of this word, but the meaning that it now has is more general, isn´t it? A group of people not necessarily related by anything, they are only the inhabitants of Earth, for instance. Right! We also say it for the ‘mundus’ (‘world’) in Latin, that is ‘mundus,’ a synonym is ‘all peoples’. ‘All peoples’ means ‘the world’, or ‘all people/humans’. But yeah, in ancient texts, I think it was still used with this meaning of the word ‘gente’ in Spanish. Beautiful! Wonderful! Great, the next word is a food! Once again it’s a food. This type- ‘food’, yes, ‘food’ is something which we eat. Ahh, ok, food. Ah correct, it’s a food! Exactly! This is also a food, and this type of food is often seen during the festivities of people who celebrate their birthday. It’s a sweet food. We don’t eat it often, but on our birthdays. Also, on this food we tend to put candles. We usually put candles on this food. Go ahead! So, is it a food produced by man? t’s not present in nature Right. Exactly. It’s baked. I understood many words, hum... maybe because I'm not really into celebrations, maybe that's why I didn't understand it. I understood "time of celebration", "something sweet, "at Christmas" and "candles"... "candles"... Right. Exactly. However, I think I didn't get the key point that Linda got. I don't know what but I think she got the main point and I didn't. I don’t know. I think it was the first hint because I’m in the same situation as you, Gustavo. I got many words but something essential makes me doubt if I’m thinking of the same concept or the same words as Linda for instance Well, you guys- Oh, Linda, go ahead! I’m not sure, because… If we are looking for a general word of a food made by man also during the year or only for Christmas... Ahh, not the birthday of Christ ( =Christmas)! But on that of anyone! For example, I’ll celebrate my birthday in November. Ah, it's the birthday we are talking about...maybe, not Christmas! Right! The day, the birthday, sure, the birthday Birthday! So, I’m even more lost. Is this day of birth, what is it called when you celebrate it every year? I’m lost. For example, I’ll celebrate my birthday in November. And I hope I’ll have this sweet with candles and made with chocolate. So, it isn’t… The word we are looking for is not the day, but… It’s a food, yeah, it’s something that can be eaten. Good, write your answers! Ready? Show them. Right! It’s called a ‘placenta’ in Latin, ‘bolo’ in Portuguese, and ‘la torta’, and ‘pastel’? Correct? Ah, good. But ‘placenta’?! Isn’t- yes, you also have this word in your languages, as do I in English, ‘placenta’, but why? Because it’s a word which the Romans took from the Greek language, the etymology comes from the form, this form which is ‘placenta’, it’s in accusative case, and it has the synonym ‘plakūnta’, but in Greek it’s ‘plakūs’, and it means ‘la torta,’ ‘bolo’, ‘pastel’, and ‘plak’ means ‘flat’ in Greek, it’s flat, exactly. Hence ‘placenta’! Really cool! It’s a bit odd eh? Wonderful, you guys did great. Good, the next word: This is a creature. Or rather, a critter. It’s fairly small, not tiny, but it’s a creature, a critter. Or an animal. It’s an animal or a creature. And it’s found in nature. It’s not a mammal. It has a segmented body. And, well I’ll give you more clues but ask your questions. Is it a bird? An ‘ave’? What’s ‘ave’? Ah, it’s not a bird! Is it an animal that adapts itself to the temperature of the place? Yes. Is this animal very long? not ‘very long’, it has legs, and feet. It has many feet. Eight feet. Is it a sea animal? Historically it was, but not anymore. Gustavo? I understood that it's a beast, an animal, that it's not a mammal and it has a segmented body, hum, and that it has many feet. Right, Right, it has eight feet. Eo we're talking about an insect. Ah, but it’s not an insect. It’s an arachnid. Yes. Yes, and it doesn’t just have a mouth and eight legs, it also has a tail. And it can wound with its tail, It also has claws. Or arms. It has eight feet and a tail and arms No, now I’m confused! I got it Linda, I got it. Eight feet... It has a tail e it has a "braquia" which I believe is for breathing. Braquia... Right, claws! It has "braquias", it has eight feet and it has a tail. Yes, a tail with a spine. Gustavo understood correctly. Good. Gustavo got it. And Isidor? I don’t know, I can’t think. It is an arachnid, It is an arachnid, eight legs… We are looking for a specific type of spider or spider in general? Ah, it’s not a spider. But it’s from the arachnid family, the arachnid genus. It’s similar, it has eight feet and a segmented body. But it also has a tail with a spine. This ‘segmented body’ part I don’t get. But… Is it small or… because, I’ve understood that is… Yes, it’s small, fairly small, emm… how long? Maybe a hundred centimeters. Ah not a hundred, five! Around five centimeters. Not very long. It’s small. It’s a small insect. It’s a small insect. No not an insect, but it’s similar. It's interesting because I understood the whole explanation but I don't know which animal it is. Ahh, maybe I got it! I know that it has a spine, it has a dorsal spine, it has a tail and it has five centimeters. Ah, it doesn’t have spines on its back, it has one spine on the tip of its tail. Question: can it inject venom or kill with its tail? Yes, correct! It can inject venum with its tail. Thank you Linda! Is there a constellation that bears its name? Ooh certainly! Good, now write your answers! You’ve figured it out, I think. Okay, I can see it on your t-shirt Luke. Yeah? Huh? I didn’t understand. Is it on your shirt? What’s the image on your shirt? Very good, Gustavo! Ah, yeah you guys know it, good, show your answers! One moment, please. I haven't written it down yet. Wait! Wait just a second. Great, ready? Great, ready? There, ah wonderful! I applaud you guys! It was difficult but you did well. Yeah, it was difficult. Yes! So observant, Gustavo! Yeah, it was difficult. In Mexican Spanish, we have ‘alacrán’, I don’t know about other Spanish speaking countries countries, Have you guys heard the word ‘alacrán’? ‘Cran’ also comes from the Latin word ‘cancro’ that is a crab, which also has arms, or claws. It has claws. But it doesn’t have a tail. But, because both crabs and scorpions are very similar, they’re similar, because of this in Mexico it’s also called ‘alacran’. It is very interesting the etymology of ‘alacrán’ Yeah, and this is- ‘scorpio’, it’s also ‘scorpius’ as well, and, but once again it comes from Greek, ‘skorpios’, but that also comes from Proto-Indo-European ‘sker’, which is ‘to cut’ or ‘to slice’, because it has these claws. Good, wonderful! I had never heard in the description of an animal ‘segmented body’ but it makes sense. Mm, yes, arthropods have segmented bodies, arachnids and insects, and also crustacians. Good! the next word The next word is a person. It’s a person. That is, it’s not a woman but a man. It’s not a woman, it’s a man. It’s not a boy. It’s not an adolescent. Not a young man. It’s the opposite. It’s a man. A man. The opposite of all these? It’s the opposite of an adolescent, the opposite of a youth, but it’s a man. Not a little boy. The opposite. Like the extreme, in life… Right. It’s the extreme (in age). ‘Boy’ or ‘child’ is an extreme. This word is the opposite. And this is the word? Yeah that’s the word. Yes. And do you want to write it, or do you have questions? Do you want to ask me anything? Is it an adjective we can also use for an object? It’s either a noun or it can also be an adjective. And it means ‘man,’ not a young man. Eu believe there are two ways of saying this thing. Two most commons ways but I'm not going to say it because I don't want to ruin it. Same here. I've already decided to go for one of the two, Gustavo. I hope we have the opposite, if they are similar Ah so, what’s ‘man’? I’m a man, Gustavo is a man Isidor is a man, but Linda is not a man, Linda is a woman Linda is a woman, an adult woman. A woman. I’m an adult man, and Gustavo is an adult man, and Isidor is an adult man, but this is an adult man, mm, yeah it’s an adult man, but not a young one. The question is if this word applies only to men or if it is applied to human beings in general. Usually… it just refers to people, to women and to women. But this one doesn't refer to women. It has two forms but this word is the masculine form. Right. Good, write your answers. Lets see. Ah good! But he’s already showing his, ooh good! It’s ‘idoso’, beautiful! Good. It’s- right it’s ‘vecchio’ or ‘vecchietto’ in Italian, and what is it in Spanish? I write ‘anciano’ because the other word i was thinking was ‘viaje’ but I chose ‘anciano’. Yes, exactly. It’s an adjective but it also means a man, or an old man, a man of advanced age. And it comes- of course ‘vetulus’ becomes ‘vetlus’ and then ‘veclus’, then ‘vecchio’ in Italian, ‘vecchio’, it also becomes ‘viejo’ in Spanish, and… what is it in Portuguese? ‘Velho’ ooh beautiful! Good, but it means- There is an adjective, ‘veterano’ yeah, it means ‘anciano’ in Spanish. So, this ‘veterano’ derives form the same word, right? Exactly! Because it’s another word whose origin is ‘vetus’, ‘vetus’ means ‘old’. And ‘vetulus’ means an old man. In fact, there’s another word in Spanish, vetusto, is also the same. ‘Vetustus’, ‘vetulus’, ‘vetus’, ‘antīquus’ are all more or less synonyms. Really cool! Great, we’re at the last word! There we go. So, it’s a noun. But it’s not an object, it’s a mental state. I like states of mind! Ah nice! Right. a mental state So, it’s the opposite of happiness, not happiness but the opposite, and it has a synonym- ask away Isidor! Can you repeat this word? It is contrary to what? ‘Happiness’... the adjective ‘happy’ is for example if I’m happy, I’ll sing, ‘lalalalala’, I’m happy, but it’s the opposite. It’s uncommon. Not happiness. A synonym… maybe I won’t give a synonym but it’s… with… well, I’ll wait, you guys ask questions and then I’ll give more clues. It's a state that you, gave an exemple, singing, that doesn't mean happiness. Therefore it indicates the opposite, maybe seriousness. Mmm totally. Right. Something more serious, something more introspective and not happy. I’ll give an example. If an old man, if he dies, his family will have this in their hearts, in their souls. It afflicts peoples hearts if their family members die. I’m thinking of two words, but I guess Im gonna choose one because this state of mind is shorter than unhappiness, for instance. Right, not just unhappiness. It’s- yes, it happens when… often if a spouse dies, if someone in the family dies. It usually follows a death. And it lasts days, weeks, months. It can remain in people’s hearts for a long time. A question: so it’s not a temporary feeling that we can see, experience also after a film, for example? Not, right, mu- a lot more, it’s much more serious. Right. It’s a feeling or an event? It’s an emotion, right, first. It’s not an event but an emotion. Yes, I think I'm ready. Good, and others? Both of you? Ready? Write, good, write your answers. Let me know when you’re ready. Good, let's see! Beautiful! And how do you pronounce ‘pesame’ in Portuguese? Ah, I said "condolence" but it is the same way that you say "mourning". "Condolence" when eu have the feeling of condolences it means "weight". Ahh right, pressure, sadness. And it's the feeling of grief whenever you lose someone. But I believe that "grief" is the most accurate word. I also think it’s similar. I have a question. The other word i was thinking of was ‘luto’, but, is ‘luto’ the word? It’s similar... but there’s also ‘lūctus’ in Latin, it also exists, it’s another- they’re more or less synonyms, but... well I’ll write it, ‘lūctus’ comes from 'to grieve/lament/mourn’. An example would be a famous composition, or a well known poem by Catullus, the author Catullus, which is ‘Mourn, Oh Venuses and Cupids.’ It’s quite famous, but ‘maeror’ is similar, but- it’s more or less a synonym, and I’d say ‘sadness’ almost is as well, but after a death. And Linda what you said was exactly right, after seeing a movie in the theatre affected by sadness, but after the death of a family member I’m affected by ‘maeror’, and in that way it’s more severe. Much more. Yes, it’s a feeling deeper than sadness. It is, yeah. Therefore ‘luto’ or ‘lutto’ is also pretty similar. Wonderful and, oh- don’t you also have ‘maestus’- ‘maestus’ means ‘extremely sad’, ‘very sad’, and don’t you guys have ‘maestus’ in Italian, Spanish, or Portuguese? I don't know any word corelated to it. Does it exist? Isn’t there ‘mesto’? Does it exist? It exists, yes. What is it? Linda. It’s a word I don’t use too much, honestly But yes, it’s a deep state of sadness, I think. It is somehow related to affliction. Bitterness? But it's not bitterness. Also ‘arg’- it’s ‘angor’ in Latin. ‘Angor’, and from that ‘anxiety’, we’re also afflicted with anxiety. ‘Anxiety’, ‘maeror’, good. You are all wonderful and thank you all so much! Thanks so much! I loved it, it was really special! I just wanted to thank you, Luke, for participating in the chat today. Oh Norbert! You speak Latin?! Of course! Did you forget that you taught me how to say these few sentences to make it look like I speak Latin? Now I remember! You should tell everyone, Luke, how they can find you and why they should subscribe to your channel. Channels, Norbert, plural! Subscribe to my channel - ScorpioMartianus where exclusively in Latin and Ancient Greek, as well as my other YouTube channel polýMATHY in English where I talk about languages and my other passions. Great! Be strong!
