Lady at the O.K. Corral: The True Story of Josephine Marcus Earp

from the Library of Congress in Washington DC you good afternoon everyone I'm Peggy Pearlstein head of the Hebraic section here in the African and Middle Eastern Division of the Library of Congress welcome to today's program with dr. Ann Kirchner Dean Macaulay Honors College City University of New York who will be talking about her newest book lady at the OK Corral the true story of Josephine Marcus Earp since March is Women's History Month the subject is especially fitting and Kershner has had such a varied career writer media and marketing pioneer and television cable and satellite academic and administration that I'll just give you some of the highlights of her accomplishments in addition to bachelor's and master's degrees and has a PhD in English literature from Princeton University where she began her academic career as a lecturer in Victorian literature she's been a freelance writer an editor at CBS The New York Times and a publishing house she's held administrative positions at the Modern Language Association and the New York Public Library in the area of media she's headed up several startup services including the National Football League Sunday Ticket and nfl.com and I've got someone here you've got to talk to who's writing a book at the library called football nation nfl.com the first sports league on satellite TV and has served in executive positions for communications consulting firms and sales and marketing companies she has and continues to serve as a board member for such diverse and prestigious organizations as the Jewish women's archive Open University of Israel and Soros foundation Anne's first book is Salle's gift my mother's Holocaust story it's based on her mother's experience is over five years in Nazi slave labor camp the diary she kept and more than 350 letters she saved the story of Josephine Marcus earth goes into an entirely different direction and will soon learn more about this Jewish woman and Wyatt Earp and following the presentation there will be a book sale and signing let me remind you that this event is being videotaped for subsequent broadcast on the library's website and other media the audience is encouraged to offer comments and raise questions during the formal question-and-answer period but please be advised that your voice and image may be recorded and later broadcast as part of this event by participating in the question and answer period you're consenting to the library's possible reproduction and transmission of your remarks a warm welcome to dr. and Kershner thank you for that gracious introduction it strikes me just from the outset how different the recording of history and events is today as opposed to the era that we're going to talk about because one of the things that I found so striking about the herbs and and the telling of their tale is how hidden things could be in those days as opposed to these days when it seems like so little is hidden so let's see if I can figure out our mouse ah there we go nope don't look at that picture yet so did you know that Wyatt Earp was buried in a Jewish cemetery I didn't and that was the question that really set me off on this quest it seemed so odd to me I had grown up with wider as many of us had who grew up in the 50s that's me as a baby that's my big brother Joey getting ready to watch black-and-white television and in the 1950s Wyatt Earp was everywhere on television every single American Network had a Wyatt herb or tombstone themed show on anybody remember a whiter Bat Masterson Gunsmoke yeah yeah some of you some of you remember how many of you could still sing the theme song which since we're being webcast I am NOT going to sing okay we've got a couple of takers here so what really struck me was the untold story of Tombstone there were women in Tombstone many of the early chronicles of the West made it seem as if there were no mothers for Mother's daughters sisters lovers only men in Tombstone and so when we were watching television and watching Wyatt Earp we certainly never thought about Wyatt Earp having a Jewish wife and we thought we knew something about the gunfight we thought it was the good guys against the bad guys what we didn't know was that there was this gutsy busty broad who had a lover on both sides of the gunfight at the at the OK Corral and we thought we knew something about Wyatt Earp himself he was the one with the white hat right but what we didn't know was that the Wyatt Earp that we knew was in large part a story of Josephine herbes making she had the extraordinary sense of celebrity that in some ways shaped the legend of Wyatt Earp into what she would call a nice clean story so let me take you back to Josephine's beginnings and in later life Josephine would always say that she was the daughter of a wealthy German merchant not true in fact most of what Josephine told us about herself was not true so this is a map of the German Empire 1871 and the section that's circled in red Posen is where the Marcus family was from Josephine's Josephine's father's family but her mother was from that region as well and actually in case you think I have wandered totally from my mother's story if you look just south of Posen you come to Silesia which is the region of now Poland that my mother was from but that is the only thing that my mother and Josephine Marcus Earp have in common so the the Marcus family came from the Posen region around 1850 and they came first to New York Josephine was born in 1860 and the family was struggling he was a baker her father and they were reading in the in the many Jewish newspapers in New York at the time about the wonders of San Francisco and you could make your fortune in San Francisco and they really were not making their fortune in New York so they decided to emigrate again and off they go to San Francisco via the Isthmus of Panama this is the one of the steamers that served San Francisco in that era that's how you got there through the Isthmus and then up to up to San Francisco but the San Francisco that they arrived in was a thriving Jewish community and a highly stratified Jewish community the most successful San Franciscan Jews were German Jews and then there were the other Jews and the Polish Jews and the and that would that would be Josephine's family they would definitely on the wrong side of the tracks and this prejudice goes back to those early days of the of the German Empire when it was the German Jews who were better educated more affluent more secular the Polish Jews spoke Yiddish rather than German they tended to be peddlers and much more religious than the than the German Jews and that was the stratification that existed in in San Francisco as well and so Josephine found herself once again in a community that was highly stratified and there was nothing second-class about Josephine she was a extremely pretty active outgoing young woman and she felt she had the world to to conquer the spark for what would change Josephine's life came from an unexpected source and that was the hms pinafore craze which swept America in this time every town had a pinafore troupe and the Arizona Territory which was you know just out there to the to the east of of California had several touring companies and they were so desperate for performers that they would go into the amateur dancing academies and and attract young singers and dancers to join the troupe so Josephine gets recruited to go to the Arizona Territory and this strikes her as a terrific idea she's going to run away from home she's going to become an actress and that woman they are sort of lolling on the couch that's pauline markham whose troupe was one of the best known ones in the Arizona Territory so Josephine goes off to to what is not yet the state of Arizona but the territory oops let's just cover her up we don't actually know exactly what Josephine looked like as a young girl we do know that she was very attractive and I I'll show you a little bit later from a slide from one of the forensic experts I worked with to to try and authenticate some of the pictures of young Josephine but we do know that she caused quite a sensation when she showed up in in Tombstone these are some of the the age progression photographs that I think are are pretty close to accurate all the ones on the bottom are the ones that we know really are Josephine the ones on the top are ones that have been theorized and authenticated as far as we can by by my expert so there's Wyatt Earp in the middle of this slide and why it was about six foot tall he and his brothers looked so much alike that sometimes people mistook them for each other but they all shared this incredible height and leanness and enhancing this now the two people on the bottom of the page on either side of Wyatt those were the secrets that Josephine most did not want you to know about the fellow on the right is Johnny bian who was the first sheriff of Cochise County and the woman on the left is Mattie Blaylock who was why it's common-law wife when he first came to Tombstone and everything that I will tell you about Josephine's deep deep deep interest some might say obsession in keeping the truth of what happened in Tombstone from you has really nothing to do with the gunfight itself and everything to do with Johnny bein and and Mattie Blaylock the gunfight actually did not take place in the okay Corral this is real inside baseball stuff but if if any of you are our experts and I meet them everywhere I go you will jump up at the end of this presentation and say but you didn't tell them that the gunfight actually didn't happen at the OK Corral it's true it didn't it happened next to the OK Corral on Fremont Street and it was in fact the the lawman against the Cowboys but there's a tremendous amount of ambiguity about the right and wrong of this situation and and historians have spent their entire lives trying to figure out what happened in those in those 30 seconds what we do know is that they changed white life forever because he was forever associated with that gunfight and it certainly changed Josephine's life forever at the end of the gunfight Wyatt Earp was the only man who escaped without any gunshots whatsoever three people were killed and Wyatt then embarked on what became known as the vendetta ride to find the people who killed one brother and maimed another when when the gunfight was over and why it was cleared of of any wrongdoing hee hee and Josephine whom I believed met first in Tombstone you know I haven't I haven't actually told you that story yet let's go back two minutes when Josephine first came to Tombstone she came as the common-law wife of Johnny bein she had chosen very badly johnny was a dirty dog he was a womanizer and she soon left him and in the intervening months she met Wyatt Earp who had a wife he left his wife and he and Josephine had an affair the gunfight one part was allied with Johnny bein and one part was allied with Wyatt Earp but the feud that had that had been ignited just before the gunfight really never ended and why it had work to do and so Josephine left tombstone she left she had already left Johnny bein now she left white as well went back home to wait for Wyatt while Wyatt took his wife put her on a train and sent it sent his common-law wife Mattie Blaylock back to his mother and father I think that was probably the most cowardly act Wyatt Earp ever did was to send to send poor Mattie Blaylock back to his mother to wait for Wyatt but but he did and it took quite a while before she she figured out that he was not coming - together their adventures from there on in Wyatt Earp picks up Josephine in 1882 and for the next 47 years they are together they had adventures in every boomtown that you've heard of and probably quite a few boom towns that you haven't heard of I went to visit many of them probably the one where I had the best time and where I think actually Josephine and Wyatt had the best time was known Scot just to give you a sense of where gnome is it is as almost as far north of Seattle as Seattle is west of New York it is right under the Arctic Circle when they got together Josephine and Wyatt in 1882 they didn't have any money and for the next 47 years that's really what they did was make money lose money make money lose money they never seemed to care about money for the for the sake of it but it was adventure that drove them Josephine her love of adventure which i think is what first led to that running away to the to the pinafore troop really never left her Nome Alaska in 1900 was one of the most exciting places on earth I mean today it's a sleepy a sleepy little town quite quite desolate but you could go out to the public beach in Nome Alaska and there I am on that on the shore of the Bering Sea and with a little pan just go out to the sand as you would you know on any beach now only gold would emerge so instead of having to have incredible equipment to dig down into the earth gold was found on the shores of Nome Alaska and the reason that I say Josephine was so happy there was because in Alaska for the first time she was in a community where the stratification that she had experienced in San Francisco between the German and the and the polish Druze and in Tombstone and in the other boom towns where to be a to be a saloon keepers common-law wife which is what Josephine was always made her feel as if she wasn't quite the respectable woman she wanted to be and that title lady at the OK Corral is in part ironic because Josephine did have those two sides to her part of her wanted to be gung-ho for adventure always and the other part of her wanted to be a respectable lady like her sister her younger sister who became a very successful businesswoman and society lady in San Francisco so they roamed around and as they aged they spent most of their time in a circle between Los Angeles the desert between LA and between Arizona and California and San Francisco Oakland where Josephine's family lived and she was she was very close to that that one sister in particular I've actually been to the site where this picture was taken Josephine in addition to having this deep conflict about whether she wanted to be an adventurous or or lady the other conflict in her was did she love luxury or did she love the desert you know she loved to stay in fancy hotels with beautiful sheets and fancy clothes but she also loved living out in the desert and believe me you don't get any more isolated than this particular spot which is outside of what's now called herb California in 1929 the the era of tombstone and the OK Corral which had already been famous throughout their lifetime got a new shot in the arm first of all by the town of Tombstone itself which launched what it called hill dorado days but much more importantly and lastingly by the creation of Hollywood and the first films so many of which had cowboys Indians western themes and two of the most popular stars were William as heart and Tom Mix who became very very close to Wyatt and and Josephine that's William as hard on the on the horse so the story of Tombstone in the OK Corral was being told but Josephine didn't like how it was being told you know first of all she was nervous that somebody would find out about her as mrs. bein or or the sad story of Mattie Blaylock but more importantly she wanted the image of Wyatt to be heroic and and scrubbed clean like a sunday-school teacher as somebody said later on what made her so nerve that Maddie was not simply that why it had a common-law wife before but after Maddie figured out that why it was not coming back for her she didn't have too many options you know women at that time particularly women who were not at all educated it wasn't as if she could go and get a job someplace she became a drug addict she was a prostitute and she committed suicide and on the day before she died she was cursing whiter as the man who done her wrong so this was the story that that Josephine was most terrified about when a an enterprising writer named Stewart Lake approached the herbs to tell the story the way Wyatt and Josephine wanted it told they thought that was a really dandy idea and why it began to sit for interviews with Stewart Lake Josephine they're almost all the time making sure that she caught every word and so it was Stewart Lake who published the first biography of white herb and it was an immediate bestseller America particularly in the era of the depression was was ready for a hero to the end of his days Wyatt was this good-looking aristocratic guy while Josephine well ladies that's not really fair but she didn't quite keep her looks the way the way Wyatt did kind of think she looks like Sophie Tucker in some of her some of her later pictures and when Wyatt died in 1929 it was a national news story this is the photograph the telegram that Josephine sends to Stuart Lake telling him that why it has died and asking him to come to the funeral and these are the pallbearers who who were there at the funeral including Wilson Mizner and William as hard and Tom Mix and the newspapers seized on it as as the the passing of the of the Old West Josephine didn't even attend the funeral she was too distraught and it took it took years before she was seen again in that in the public eye but one of the things that really brought her out of hiding and and into a new era of her life was a letter from Lincoln Ellsworth the arctic explorer who had read stewart lakes book thought that Wyatt Earp was the epitome of American individualism and heroism and decided that he would name his boats the white herb when he went back to the South Pole and he wrote to Josephine and Josephine would that modern sense of celebrity that I think is very special to her immediately realized this was a really great thing this was in our parlance this would be like naming the moon landing you know the the shuttle or something after after whiter so she sends Lincoln Ellsworth why it's last eyeglasses and one of his shotguns and Lincoln Ellsworth creates a little shrine on the on the boat and it's hard to imagine today but Lincoln Ellsworth's name and the wider the name of his ship was in the New York Times every month for about six years and when Wyatt when Lincoln Ellsworth was lost at sea it was a front-page story and when he was recovered it was you know continued to be a front-page story and this is the this is the New York Times On January I think it's the 22nd 1936 Edward the seventh proclaimed you know new leader of of Britain and there over on the left-hand side of the page is is Lincoln Ellsworth so this was this was as great a polishing up of Wyatt Earp's reputation as as you could possibly have this was my attempt to show you what that what that actually said but take it from me the byline is aboard the motor ship Wyatt Earp so perhaps the feeling the good feeling about Lincoln Ellsworth was what emboldened Josephine to think nah now it's time to tell my story and she met some distant cousins of Wyatts two women vanilla herb casein sorry vanilla herb Ackerman and Mable herb casein and and began to talk to them about writing her memoirs and they worked together on it for several years and during these years Josephine lived mostly with their family you can see she's sort of slimmed down here and looks a little like an Italian Widow and they even went back to tombstone here's a picture of Josephine this is on the way back from tombstone so imagine it's her first trip back since 1882 you know we think America has changed in the last you know 10 or 20 years but the era that Josephine lived through with Wyatt was a time of unbelievable change for America you know going from stagecoaches and horses to planes trains and automobiles going from an era when a man like Wyatt could make his make his money as a saloon keeper and a gambler now you're in an era of prohibition and gambling is is illegal so the changes in America were were unbelievably powerful but Josephine was the closer the that vinalia and Mabel came to the real story of Tombstone and they were fine writers and researchers the more nervous Josephine became that even now and now it's you know in that in the the late set the late 1930s even now she hears those you know hoofbeats from Tombstone coming closer and what if they out her as mrs. bein or what if they tell the terrible tale of the demise of of Mattie Blaylock so she loses her nerve and she forces them to stop writing the the memoir she has them burned the manuscript she watches them burn the manuscript she puts a hex on anybody who will tell her story which is usually the part where people in the audience begin moving away from me and as far as she's concerned that's the end you know she's her story will will never be told and she doesn't see too much of the cases after that and she probably is in the early stages of dementia she is more and more paranoid she has very very little very little to live on she walks around with a big purse filled with clippings interestingly not clippings about Wyatt Earp but clippings about her younger sister and her success in San Francisco society she takes to stalking John flood who was who had been her very close friend and Wyatts and he writes all of this down so this is his his writing on the back of an old calendar she comes to his house she tries to put her hand through the screen door I'll get back at you good and hard that's what mrs. Orr wrote to him but when she eventually dies which is in in 1944 it is not a national news story it's a tiny little a tiny little piece in in the Los Angeles Times that the widow of Wyatt Earp has has passed on nobody attended her funeral she died penniless Sid Grauman of Grauman's theater and William has heart paid for her funeral and interestingly it was officiated over by a rabbi Josephine's relationship to Judaism was very tenuous she wasn't ashamed of it but she also wasn't very very engaged with Judaism in any way and yet you know at that darkest moment of of her life when Wyatt dies she decides that she will bury him in the family plot in a Jewish cemetery in Colma California and then when she dies she is buried right next to him and and there they are it's the most visited grave in in koma so given that it is my pleasure to be at the library today I thought I would just tell you a few more minutes about how the story was was put together I didn't go to every place on this map but I went to most of them and and spent a lot of time reading newspapers and doing interviews and trying to get as much of the primary source material as I as I could I talked a little bit before about some of the some of the photography with the help of this forensic expert in New York Carrie Lane we did a lot of measurements and now I know what a philtrum is I'll share that with you it's this little thing over here yeah you all know that already and that is how I ended up with this photograph as the one of Josephine on the on the cover of the book in comparison to the pictures of older Josephine I had access to more of Josephine's original letters than anyone ever has and that was through through the good graces of a private collector and I worked with a couple of Macaulay Honors College students in in putting putting those letters into a form that I could use them interestingly and probably no surprise to any of you 20-somethings don't know how to read cursive handwriting so that was fair when you think about where this is all going it's it's an interesting and interesting finding so they were very helpful on this project but reading cursive was not not one of their strong suits I worked in many many different libraries and this is a page from the original manuscript they didn't burn all the copies so one of the copies is in the Ford County Historical Society in Dodge City and it was my great pleasure to spend three days in Dodge City reading that manuscript and again this is not something that the young uns are are good at doing I guess I'm really a library rat when it right when it comes right comes right down to it mmm so when it comes to American stories I think you kind of don't get much more American than the story of the of the frontier west and tombstone and they okay Corral but to my mind you can't tell that story until you put the women back in the picture Josephine was denied her story in part because she didn't want it told but for many women and this is National Women's History Month for many women it's simply because their stories have not been told so I think the great joy for me was putting this woman back in the picture and you don't get many more interesting and and fun stories to tell than the story of Josephine at the at the okay Corral so thank you very much for being so attentive and I'd love to hear if any of you have some questions for me the question was whether they had any children no alas they did not Josephine had two miscarriages and as far as I can tell she was unable to have children they were very close to two wides family and and she was very close to her her nieces and nephew and and I did get to meet several of her descendants so it was fun to have the direct link back to her did I ever find out exactly what she was doing on the day of the gunfight uh I know what she says she was doing what she says she was doing is she was at home and after the gunfight there was a loud alarm a ringing of a bell that went up that could be heard throughout tombstone because there had been so much hostility and and frightening things going on in the town robberies etc in the in the months leading up to the to the gunfight that the tombstone Citizens Association had agreed that in case there was a town emergency they would ring a bell Josephine hears the Bell and according to what she writes in the memoir she runs into town so fast that she didn't even put her bonnet on she gets to the site where everybody is gathered around she sees a tremendous amount of bloodshed and there were already dead bodies being taken away but she sees why it's standing unharmed and so she she goes she goes back again that's what she says that that she did and I have no reason to to doubt it in talking to some of the the urbis or herpes as my husband calls them you know sometimes sometimes it is useful to have a woman's point of view and many of the of the herb historians have said to me particularly one fellow in particular hid that they can plot every day practically down to the minute of what Wyatt Earp was doing leading up to and at the gunfight and they have assured me these men that why it didn't have time to have an affair in Tombstone that's a joke of course why it had time to have it affair in Tombstone it's sort of a funny thing to imagine that he and Josephine could not have found a quiet place and and a quiet amount of time to to conduct a fair I do think that in the days immediately before the gunfight white really was very busy the question is whether what was her relationship with the herb the earth women all of the all of the herbs had common-law wives none of them knew Josephine in Tombstone in fact Virgil's wife Allie she didn't even think Josephine really was in Tombstone so again in Tombstone the the the society was quite stratified but the Earp wives kept entirely to themselves you know they made a little money sewing and they never went into town so there really would not have been too much opportunity for them to meet the newspapers online are an extraordinary resource thank you library whoever did that just to be able to scan the newspapers and they're in a wonderfully searchable form was fantastic for me mm-hmm chronicling America it's a it's a incredible historical resource any other questions the question was how did they allow non-jews to be buried in a Jewish cemetery I asked the the manager of the hills of eternities Cemetery exactly the same question and he sort of shrugged and said this is California not only did they allow wieder to be buried in a Jewish cemetery but both Wyatt and Josephine were cremated and you know so clearly these are these are they play by different rules oh I prefer the true story and you know what I don't think um if I were to make a novel out of this you know you probably would think that it's unbelievable I think the true story is so incredibly interesting that it's it's it's the one that that grabs my attention so the story is why did she prefer a whitewashed story to the to the real story because together with things like prohibition and gambling common-law marriage which was entirely common in the frontier was no longer so common in the in 1930s and 1940s I mean the frontier was closed and and and she didn't want to be she didn't want to appear to be a woman of ill repute and so part of it was the story of Johnny bein and that she had lived openly in Tombstone as mrs. bein she received her mail as mrs. bein so that is that is one part of it that that she didn't want you to know but the other part of it was you know that that that she and Wyatt could be blamed for the the dark demise of Mattie Blaylock Erb that she had committed suicide and had become you know a prostitute not in that order and that somehow it would be it would be laid to the adultery between between Wyatt and Josephine so she didn't want to be the floozy of of Tombstone and the story of Mattie Blaylock did not come out until 1955 so Josephine managed to keep a lid on it all of those years and only you know a decade later did it did it come out Gary the question was did they make any money from from their story the answer is yes Josephine received half the royalties from from Stuart Lakes book almost nothing from the films and there was a lot of friction between her and Stuart Lake and and and Stuart Lake I think was it was a very canny writer himself and I bet if we could go back and audit those books I think Josephine got cheated out of out of quite a lot and then after after Josephine's death her relatives write to stewart lake because they've heard that there's a television show coming out and they say well is there anything in this for us and he says oh no no no there's nothing there's nothing so I think I think Stuart cut a a pretty sharp deal and you know Josephine the fact that she died in debt you know I I think there was probably much more money to be shared because I can promise you Stuart leg did not die and dead the one yes the one of the one in the Hat that is Mattie Blaylock and I'm not absolutely sure that that's a fly photograph but yes then then that is thank you I will I will henceforth identify that as a fly as a fly photograph I think there's another one here also that's a that's a fly photograph I did not know that it is it is my good luck to have historian in the house who's actually from or whose family is from tombstone and and so to be to hear that is really fantastic so this is not only a fly photograph but when I'm asked about the interesting women in Tombstone and I think about women like Clara Spalding Brown who was the correspondent for the San Diego Union and she was writing continually about the gunfight and the feud with the herbs or think about Nellie Cashman who was a an entrepreneur now I can add Molly fly wife of camelus fly and and that she actually took a lot of the photographs that's fabulous thank you the question is when did when did guns in holsters become common it certainly was not common in Tombstone in 1881 they had they either put their guns just in their in their in their waist or why it had a coat that had a special pocket in it but there were no holsters so that and the quick-draw I think that those are more Hollywood inventions holsters well I'm not sure when it went out of style but it didn't come holsters didn't come into style they were not in style in the frontier West as far as as far as I know I would certainly not put myself forth as a holster expert but I do I do know that why it was famous for keeping peace when he was a lawman in Dodge City by what was called buffalo ink which meant taking your your gun and with the with the barrel of the the gun you know hitting hitting a bad guy against that the head which was kinder than shooting him and and none of that involved any holsters it was just the gun in the in the pants so but I will I will do some research and find out the answer to that one more question the question was did Josephine ever really perform independent or group I believe she did I believe she performed in Prescott and a couple of other towns I believe she performed in Tombstone as well this is an area of some controversy again amongst the therapies there's a whole school of thought that says Josephine was not a pinafore performer she was a prostitute and that's why she came to the Arizona Territory I've looked at this research every which way to Sunday and I am convinced that she was a pinafore dancer when she was living with the Kayson family in the 1930s and there was a pinafore performance that came to LA the two younger caissons were going we're going to see it and before they left Josephine got up and did the hornpipe dance for them which she remember doing from her from her days so I'm sold and I but I think that the pinafore the picture of her as a pinafore dancer to me is one of the you know the more charming ways when I think of her as a as a young teenager that was that's how I think of her the question is were there not any newspaper announcements or the equivalent of playbills there are josephine had a bit part so she was she was - she was just part of it you know dancer in that in the chorus so that she would not have had a shout out and she was also using an assumed name because you know she was afraid that her parents would find her and drag her back by the hair which is in fact actually what happened that the first time so so there's no there's no definitive proof but to me there's a lot of circumstantial evidence that adds up to that thank you again this has been a presentation of the Library of Congress visit us at loc.gov

Channel: Library of Congress

Views: 108,101

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Keywords: Library of Congress, Josephine Marcus Earp

Id: NVBd7hNLcBc

Length: 46min 41sec (2801 seconds)

Published: Wed Jul 24 2013