Is TON-618 the Largest Black Hole in the Universe? [OOTW]

black holes and the most iconic things in our universe they're mind-bending properties were debated for generations and were pondered by some of the greatest minds of our time today we know the black holes are real and as a result we can begin asking the next big questions what lies beyond them how do they die most of all what is the biggest black hole in the universe well it's likely the tio n61 eight is up there with the biggest if not the biggest in the universe and while we don't know much about it its profile is truly magnificent this radio loud and hyper luminous quasar was once thought to be just another star but we now know that this monster's photonic relay is emanating and calling us from much further across space over ten billion light years into the void but is this beacon of the cosmos really what we think it is with so many properties that push the limits of our understanding of black holes tio n618ab another explanation but until we find that we must assume that this record-breaking beast is the largest and most massive black hole in the entire known universe TRN six one eight is the catalog title of a quasar located at the center of a galaxy approximately ten point three seven billion light years from the earth in the constellation of canes Venatici near the galactic north pole despite this unfathomable distance it shines with an absolute visual magnitude of minus thirty point seven this number equates to the brightness of over 140 trillion Suns making it one of the brightest objects in the known universe we will cover more about why this is in a moment but in a quasar the mass of the black hole usually indirectly corresponds to the amount of light it produces and as such numerous calculations have estimated the mass of this engine black hole to be over 66 billion times the mass of our home star this mass is both hard to visualize and hard to fully appreciate but for some sort of perspective the Milky Way's central black hole is approximately 4.3 million times more massive than the Sun Sagittarius a is largely responsible for anchoring our entire galaxy together which could be up to two hundred thousand light-years in diameter yet it's mass doesn't equal a thousandth of the total mass of T oh and six one a thanks to our study of black holes we can use what we already know about its mass to estimate its actual size and the results will truly blow your mind if our calculations are correct than the radius of its event horizon the boundary beyond which nothing can escape including light which gives it the distinctive black color will be approximately 194 billion kilometers this radius Dwarfs even our entire solar system and then some the solar system's diameter is a little under 300 billion kilometers whereas T o n618ab M horizon diameter is close to 400 billion kilometers but then how is this black hole so massive if the emissions we see are from billions of years ago when the universe was significantly younger the universe is about 13.8 billion years old and this likely formed between 1 and 2 billion years after the Big Bang meaning it could have been as young as a billion years or less when the light reaching us now began his intergalactic journey this is very young for a black hole and yet the signals are indicating that how this young is larger than anything we've been able to find in the universe billions of years on after all this tightened as though telling how big it has become but there are a few ideas on how it might have come to be so large at such a young age the main theory is that this black hole was a direct collapse black hole instead of being formed by a dying star supernova this black hole was formed by a super massive gas cloud collapsing under its own gravity this process can also take all the stars within the gas cloud with it rapidly consuming thousands more distinct sources of mass this process would generate an inconceivably large supermassive black hole and is the expected way in which most engine black holes at the center of galaxies formed in the future we may rest amay tub lack holes measurements and come up with new figures but for now these are the facts but what about his history how was this black hole discovered and when did we realize that it was the most massive we had ever found tio n61 8 was first noted in a survey of faint blue and white dwarf stars around the Milky Way's galactic plane in 1957 back then it was mistaken for another blue star and was listed as the 618 member of the Tanakh Sinclair catalog of globular star clusters thus coining his name however moving into the 1960s astronomers started noticing radio-loud sources of light which appeared similar to stars but the source of this radio energy was unknown and thus the term quasi-stellar meaning star like was contracted to quasar and astronomers continued to investigate them it was Martin Schmidt who then noted that the Doppler shift lines in the quasar spectrums were not consistent with the expected redshift of stars and so these sources of light must be emanating from much further away gradually higher resolution images and x-ray photographs indicated that these radio loud sources were emitting from the Centers of distant galaxies and the light reaching us from these quasars is billions of years old but how does a black hole scientifically the darkest thing in the universe even shine in the first place let alone shine brighter than the Stars a millionth of a percent of the distance away well the process begins with the immense gravity of central galactic black holes when gas a matter orbit the black hole they orbit the area at immense speeds as do the light and energy released when they consume things when a black hole destroys something it does do the trivially named process of spaghettification as you get closer to the singularity or center of the black hole the gravity becomes so exponential in its increase that even a difference of a few million kilometers can lead to vastly different levels of pull on the object essentially shredding up whatever is the gases from the shredded matter forward discs around the event horizon of the black hole and can orbit it forming an accretion disk when this disk orbits it swells at unimaginably fast speeds and the friction generated releases unbelievable amounts of heat the accretion disk can also cause black holes to emit plumes of plasma known as relativistic Jets these Jets travel away from the black hole and nearly the speed of light and they and the accretion disk shine so brightly together that the light we can observe drowns out the surrounding galaxy when it does this we call these illuminated black holes active galactic nuclei a sufficiently luminous active galactic nuclei is classed as a quasar with our growing understanding of quasars the hunt was on for more and before long a radio survey in Bologna in 1970 detected strong radio emissions from the so called star and thus it was reclassified as a quasar Marie Helen Ulrich then collected the spectral data from the object she detected the spectral emission lines the lines in the spectrum that occur from the emission of light from an object from an analysis of the redshift of the spectra Alric determined that teo n618ab far away and hence it ranked among some of the most luminous quasars ever detected furthermore the emission lines detected on the spectrum were very wide including in the broad line region of the quasar a spectrum of light from an orbital area beyond the accretion disk these are indicative that the light emanating gases around the black hole must be traveling incredibly quickly calculated to be a terrifying 7000 kilometers every single second this told scientists that the black hole creating the quasar must be exerting an intensely strong gravitational influence the size of the board line region can be reverse engineered from the brightness of the quasar and given the size of the region and its orbital speed this black hole had to be one of the largest ever discovered the mass was estimated at its official figure of 66 billion times the mass of our Sun and using black hole equations the event horizon radius was determined from this to be over 1,300 astronomical units thus giving it a new classification an ultra massive black hole but in spite of all of these mind-blowing statistics it's important to remember that we cannot sitio and six one eight surrounding galaxies and therefore we know very little about it while the math suggests these massive figures for the black hole some have argued that we may be mistaken there are questions over his true nature and if its sheer size so early on in its life wasn't enough to cast now nature of quasars does two quasars are a phenomenon more typical of the early universe heads the massive distances from the earth they are more commonly found between nine and ten billion light-years away because the universe was teeming with them at that age while we do see some nearer to us the number is though n there is high this is because in the billions of years since these quasars occurred the engine black holes of the universe have had time to consume much more matter increasing their event horizons once a supermassive black hole exceeds a certain size they are large enough to completely swallow matter up rather than shredding it less shredded material orbits within the accretion disk and the light generated no longer outshines its host galaxy so there's a contradiction is there not if smaller black holes have more favorable conditions for quasars to occur why is one occurring around the largest black hole in the universe unfortunately we currently don't even have a way of knowing perhaps the galaxies surrounding TRN six one eight was immature at the time and there was enough matter orbiting it to be shredded up despite the size or perhaps its gravitational influence is just too great so that the swirling gases are orbiting too fast not to shine but this isn't the only argument against here and six one eight as a quasar either some point to the theoretical size limit of black holes predicted by some to be fifty billion solar masses any larger and they suggest black holes would start to lose their accretion discs and would not be able to maintain their size and constant intake of matter anything larger wouldn't shine at all and of course the fact that this black hole was so massive so early on cast doubt even if it is explainable by direct collapse black holes why don't we observe other black holes of this size from that area of the universe why does tio n61 a standout as such an anomaly well although it does display all the expected properties of quasar the true explanation behind it could not yet be most quasars happen to look like stars in the Milky Way so who's to say that quasars don't also look like some sort of other undiscovered phenomenon in the early universe who's even to say that we understand quasars and black holes perhaps it's not our estimations that are inconsistent but our knowledge of the phenomena themselves after all we propose the theoretical size limit for structures in the universe based on a uniform distribution of matter at the Big Bang to be about 2 billion light years and yet we have observed quasar groups super clusters and gamma-ray burster rings which vastly exceed this size perhaps the problem lies in the limit of our imagination and the true size and mass benchmarks of these phenomena are much much higher than we expected it's impossible to cast a clear judgement as we're missing some quite major pieces of observational evidence if something similar was discovered we may be able to compare two of a normal crazy ours and gain a better understanding the quasars are the brightest things in the universe it's unlikely that there's another one of this magnitude just hiding out there that we have yet to discover so for the time being we just don't know tío n 6.8 maybe the largest black hole in the known universe but what are the other giants is vying for the privilege with well the previous record-holder was the obscurely named s500 14 plus 81 this was another quasar which was reverse engineered and the measurements suggest a black hole of around 40 billion solar masses however some believe this figure may be exaggerated when a relativistic jet fires in the direction of the earth it's quasar appears even brighter so much so that it has its own type of name known as a blazar this black hole's jet happens to be pointing in the direction of Earth and so some suggest it's unusual brightness is not actually indicative of more Maps but whatever the case is still an enormous black hole another enormous black hole lies about 1 billion light-years from us and it is the monster at the center of the largest known galaxy I see 1 1 0 1 is a super giant elliptical galaxy over 6 million light-years in diameter and it is estimated to over 100 trillion stars we cannot see inside the galaxy due to his luminosity and it is too far away to be directly measured but I see one one zero ones black hole has often been considered the biggest by default because galaxy size is typically representative of black hole size but due to the variables the estimation comes in quite broad between 40 billion and 100 billion solar masses this is likely another one will never be able to properly assess and measure but once again we know what lies inside is probably larger than our entire solar system and then finally there's HD 181 plus 643 this black hole is also a quasar that lies much closer to us and was considered the most massive in 2014 unlike the others its mass has been precisely measured to be around 13 billion solar masses this gives it an event horizon radius of 1150 astronomical units approximately 14 times the distance of Pluto from the Sun black holes are scary enough on a Stella scale but they can greater sizes so great it becomes hard to imagine how something cannot lie beyond the boundary of its singularity we can speculate on the size of mass of T oh and six one eight all day long but don't forget that this visit size 10 and a half billion years ago largest black hole or not its size now or must be truly incredible or is it perhaps it has reached the size limit for black holes and what happens to a black hole when it cannot consume and begins to break down is anybody's best guess with all these questions it's depressing to think that they will probably always remain just that questions but who knows what discoveries are waiting for us in the future the observable universe is growing and eventually it's radius is expected to expand beyond 60 billion light years with that extra distance who knows what else could be waiting for us in the shadows of the early universe and if you thought that was big the area beyond the observable universe could be millions of times bigger while T on6 one eight maybe the largest black hole in the known universe just take a minute to consider what else might be lurking out there trillions of light is into the void [Music] you [Music]

Channel: SEA

Views: 1,319,392

Rating: 4.8963003 out of 5

Keywords: Sea 1997, Conspiracy Cases, Sea1997, Sea, 1997, Space, OOTW, Out of this world, astronomy, science, black hole, supermassive black hole, ton-618, largest black hole, biggest black hole, black hole documentary, ever discovered, in the universe, size comparison, ton 618, quasar, blazar, galaxy, universe, luminous, S5 0014+81, ic 1101, accretion disc, disk, active galactic nuclei, spaghettification, direct collapse black hole, entertainment

Id: dx53GHSHrSA

Length: 15min 28sec (928 seconds)

Published: Mon Aug 19 2019

Reddit Comments

[u/Nowslice]

It should be written as the largest black hole known to human in the universe.

[u/SlomoLowLow]

I just watched this video yesterday lol. Shits madness 😅

[u/_not_a_chance_]

Bold statement considering what a minuscule portion of the universe we can even observe

[u/[deleted]]

These cosmic scales are too big to comprehend.