Intuitive Machines moon lander tipped over during touchdown, still operational - Team explains

well hello everybody it's uh I reflected before we came into uh the briefing Studio this afternoon that this is the first briefing about being on the surface of the of the Moon uh for the first time in about 52 years in this room so that's quite incredible and uh it's a pleasure to be here uh intuitive machines uh odsis Lander landed yesterday at 5:24 uh central time uh we did have a stable controlled Landing and a safe soft touchdown I'll give you a little bit of description today about the state of Odus or ODI uh and it's uh attitude on the surface and what what you can expect from it over the coming days um it's pretty incredible uh it's it was a quite a spicy 7-Day Mission uh to get to the moon and I give you some fun facts about uh How Far We've traveled and and how fast we've uh gone so just to begin with uh the vehicle is uh stable uh near or at our intended Landing site uh we do have communications with the uh with the Lander it's from the larger radio astronomy dishes around the world that are part of our uh lunar Telemetry Network um and to the spacecraft from several of the antennas and two of the radios so that's phenomenal to begin with so we're beginning to uh now that we're on the Goon Hill Edition the United Kingdom uh we're downloading and commanding downloading data from the from the buffers in the spacecraft and commanding the spacecraft and uh trying to get you surface photos because I know that everyone's hungry for those surface photos um but we got some uh interesting data that gives us a position um an attitude of where the where the Lander is and I'll explain that in a moment uh we have uh the sun impinging on the solar arrays and uh charging our batteries uh we are providing power to the spacecraft and we're at 100% state of charge that's fantastic um I talked to you about the communications and uh we will be taking an image uh hopefully this weekend from the lunar reconnaissance Orbiter uh to find the Lander and pinpoint its location uh in the South Pole region of the Moon um if you can go to the photo here uh that we have this is a photo that I thought you'd find interesting that we'll release to the public here um here we're flying about 10 kilometers over the surface of shamburger crater near the South Pole region of the Moon uh we're still about 200 kilometers uh up um uh U range from from where our intended Landing site is but uh here we have a uh one of our public affairs cameras taking this beautiful image and you see how shadowed and uh you know undulating the the terrain is and that's important to understand how difficult it is to to land on the surface of the Moon so thanks for that image uh going back uh I could say that it was quite uh phenomenal that if you think about it we were traveling 25,000 miles an hour and we came down and touched down at about six miles an hour with a downrange uh TR Traverse of about two miles an hour that's walking speed um so that's kind of uh just an interesting metric for you we traveled uh two and a half times the distance to the lunar surface that's about 600,000 miles uh due to the trajectory and the number of orbits that we've uh gone through um in doing that and in and in performing that incredible deceleration our firstof aind uh liquid oxygen liquid methane additively manufactured 3D printed uh engine um burned six times for a cumulative burn time of over 20 minutes um it's just an incredible performing machine machine and we're really proud to take that technology to a TRL level 9 um I got to say something about the uh the team the Ops teams were cool under pressure for the whole seven days um it was quite amazing to see them in work real Space Cowboys and uh you know we worked through all the difficulties if you think back from Apollo days there wasn't One mission that went absolutely perfectly so you have to be ad adaptable you have to be Innovative and you have to persevere and we persevered right up until the last moments to get this soft touchdown like we wanted to let me just talk briefly about attitude on the surface this is a little Lander I'm going to pretend that's the rock that the Lander's leaning on we think we came down with like I said about six miles an hour this way and about two miles an hour this way and caught a foot in the surface and the and the Lander has tipped like this and we believe this is the surf the the orientation of the Lander on the moon we're getting Sun moving this way around the Lander so the solar rays are being powered and we believe a little later we'll get Solar Sun on the top deck solar array uh the majority of our payloads are all in view um and we are collecting science and we've collected science along the way um to the moon and I've been downloading that data in particular three payloads that are positioned on the Lander they have been active operationally used in this um in this Mission the ln1 uh payload out of Marshall space flight center uh we actually assisted Us in determining our precise location um in space uh or bit determination we call it um using a Doppler measurement uh that was very useful um and and as it was part of the deep space Network it augmented our Communications from our own commercial network uh the other one uh you've heard about was the NASA Doppler liar from Langley Research Center and we integrated their uh Telemetry stream into our nav application navigation application and we use that for our power descent initiation um and then finally the one that was very useful was a new technology out of Glenn Research Center um and that was the radio frequency Mass gauging and that uh that instrument really gave us an understanding of what what the propellant tank levels were uh which helped us budget the amount of propellant to take us all the way safely to the surface of the Moon so so um very interesting uh Mission so far as we get more Telemetry and uh turn more things on we'll be updating you over the coming days of the analysis and the Reconstruction of of you know the landing uh Tim can comment that on that a little bit today on how we how we did the power descent all the way to the surface and why we believe um in the data that I'm talking to you about today uh yesterday we thought from just to clear up some confusion we thought we were upright and the reason was that the tanks were reading um uh this is the X Direction and the tanks were reading uh gravity on the moon at the fill levels there were still residuals in the tank and we saw those measurements in the X Direction well that was stale Telemetry so uh when we work through the night to get other Telemetry down we notice that in the Z Direction this direction um is where we're seeing the tank residual tank quantities and so that's what tells us with C fairly certain terms the orientation of the vehicle and hopefully we'll get a picture here uh this weekend and and share it with you mifer that's all I have thank you so much Steve next up we have Joel Kars Joel hey thank you noer first let me congratulate intuitive machines for three major accomplishments the first as Steve said is for having the first a successful soft landing on the moon by the United States since 1972 the second is for being the first non-government commercial organization to actually touch down safely on the surface of the Moon and the third is we're having um a touchdown Point um 80 degrees south latitude much closer to the South Pole of the Moon than any earlier us robotic or human explorers let me give you some of the context for the importance of intuitive machines accomplishment on their mission in 2017 the nation charged Nessa to expand our scientific and Technical work in the area of the Moon science technology and human explorers under our emis initiative as part of that NASA went down the path to to listen to what industry had been telling us for some years which is that for robotic Landing services that we should be able to purchase that from us industry instead of doing it ourselves at Nasa for robotic systems now NASA is very good at building an operating robotic probes throughout the solar system but we knew we'd be going back to the Moon repeatedly to do science and Technical studies and eventually human exploration so we put into place this commercial lunar payload Services initiative or Eclipse to buy and effect the service to bring NASA cargo down to the surface of the Moon and have the data from those experiments BR back to Earth by industry intutive machines is one of the participants in that initiative that's now been awarded three service contracts to bring NASA equipment experiments and cargo down to the surface of the Moon and this was intuitive machine's first attempt their first mission to the Moon carrying our cargo now I have talked about all the potential advantages of having um industry do this for NASA um the industry had told us years ago that they thought they were technically ready to do it that they thought if they specialized in doing it that they could probably do it at less cost and much more frequently and much faster from initial order than NASA probably could since we would normally build a custom space grip for every Endeavor and we've seen that so far in the progress that our Clips vendors have made as they're working down to fly up their first missions in two of machines though however in doing a soft touchdown on the moon has pred the first real evidence that this is possible to do it's possible with today's technology with dedicated engineering and appropriate financial management to have a private company actually design a spacecraft develop a mission buy a rocket and fly all the way to the Moon and soft land on the surface of the Moon not just in an area where we landed earlier decades ago near the equator with the Apollo missions but in the unusual territory of the South Pole which is the focus of our future human Artemis missions this is a gigantic accomplishment on this particular Mission we had the company bring six NASA Science and Technology experiments uh on board down to the lunar surface they ranged to get to do studies in um science in looking at um the electron density and Plasma on the surface of the Moon technology studies such as measuring a rocket plume impingement during Landing navigation studies on the way to the Moon down to the surface of the Moon um laser ranging fuel quantity uh as other investigations and it's and interesting enough when we started this we had put together a list of different instruments and payloads that the commercial munar payload services companies could volunteer to take down to the surface of the Moon and intuitive machines picked the complement of five payloads which we later augmented with the radio frequency Mass gauge fuel measurement experiment and intuitive machines picked a number of um payloads and experiments from NASA to bring down which is cro out greatly benefited them during the execution of their mission so at this point today as intuitive machines um looks to make sure they understand uh the um status of the adsy vehicle we are already looking back at scientific and technological data that we accumulated during the transit out to the moon during the deorbit operations and we're looking forward to getting even more data as intuitive machines figure uh finishes the checkout um of adicus now in doing so um we knew at Nasa when we went out to gather this by Commercial Services that we had these great potential benefits but we also had risks we knew for example no one had previously done this we knew we were asking industry to do an incredibly difficult thing to do to go from those high speeds of orbital velocity all the way down to the very slow speeds at a to get to a particular position on the moon where we wanted them to land and intuitive machine's accomplishment for this actually shows everyone that this is this approach will work and we look forward to using it over and over in the future noer thank you so much Joel we'll now hand it over to Tim thank you ner um very excited to be here today they they told me to smile before the uh the press conference and I can't help but smile anyway because we landed on the moon um a little bit about Odysseus odyss is a mostly autonomous vehicle our operations crew uh would monitor the vehicle during flight we'd provide some trajectory updates and parameter updates and uh that's what got us into lunar orbit the lunar descent is different though during orbit we would prepare for Maneuvers we'd watch the maneuver and then know we had time to recover afterwards and replan for the next stage but uh lunar power descent is the endgame there is no after you're either successful or you fail and so uh the last rev around the Moon we buttoned up any last minute changes we wanted on the vehicle and there were a few that we may talk about today and uh basically the vehicle disappeared Behind The Far Side of the Moon we had loss of signal for 25 minutes uh everybody got up and went to the bathroom there was nothing to do but wait for the signal to come back on uh it was amazing how quickly we adapted to continuous Communications during transit to regular losses of signal being a part of our life because we're circling the moon once we came up uh around the North Pole of the Moon we were in a polar orbit uh the vehicle was completely autonomous uh we watched as the onboard systems pointed our cameras to the Moon we processed over 10,000 images on board with our own uh machine learning algorithms to manage the speed of the vehicle and the guidance system decided based on the propulsion system our available thrust levels orbital velocity and distance to the Target near the South Pole when the right time to turn the engines were were that's power descent initiation and the engines came on approximately 13 minutes before landing uh we were at full thrust for what we call breaking one basically we were trying to slow down from approximately 3600 miles per hour to something more like 30 miles per hour near The Landing site that's breaking one the vehicle performed flawlessly um our our main engine thrust was good our thrust control was perfect um engine performance has exceeded expectations in many ways and flight control my my personal background um kept the vehicle pointed exactly where it was supposed to go for the entire burn uh we monitored down until a pitchover event so early in the trajectory the vehicle is basically flying sideways with respect to the moon and we're flying in one Direction and the engine is slowing us down to take that velocity uh out of the vehicle once we get within a kilometer of the landing site however the vehicle goes into what we call a pitchover and this brings another set of cameras into alignment with the landing site at that point we lost Comm uh which we knew we would do because we switched from one set of antennas to another and then we regained Communications all the way until approximately 200 meters above the landing site then there was a t moment where we did not have regular Communications but our dedicated uh radio and ground operations crew found the signal and within an hour or so we were getting the First Data down from the surface of the Moon I could not be prouder of our operations team and our Engineers for putting together odyss which was a marvelous machine and to look at the Moon every night now and know that we have new hardware there that we had a hand in building in our lifetime something I couldn't say before for um it really was a a magical magical day thank you ner thank you so much Tim and now finally we'll hand it over to pan thank you ner um so uh first and foremost congratulations to intuitive machines an amazing successful Landing uh success story um you know one of the things that we from a technology in space Tech want to do is we want to go repeated access to uh various parts of the solar system to do this te ation because in our view technology drives exploration and we had a number of experiments on this uh technology demonstrations on this Lander and one was called to be used operationally uh and I'll talk a little bit about that um but that this aspect of a successful Landing really allows to pointing on to what Joel said is repeated access to lunar Service uh we have a slew of Technologies we want to demonstrate as well as many scientific instruments that we want to send for uh uh understanding the lunar um environment and by having a successful story like today uh yesterday that happened um it allows us for setting up the next set of uh uh projects that we want to fly and demonstrate right um one of the things that uh we we wanted to do is trying to do as much as possible testing on the ground but that only gets us to a certain technology Readiness level um which is typically TRL five sometimes six what that means is um we're we're not quite in the environment that we want to be in and so this is why we want to go and experiment in space or on the lunar surface wherever it happens to be um the the one of the big uh technology demonstrations on on this Landing was the uh navigation D liar uh we were hoping through the test of flying on this uh mission was to get it to trl6 which is the relevant environment the lunar environment however with the successful uh uh ingestion of it during Landing um we were able to get a operational system now uh TRL 9 which is it's ready to be used um from now on right as opposed to further testing um this wasn't totally by accident um the teams at Nasa Langley Research Center that helped develop this technology did a lot of development over the years as well as working with intuitive machines to see about ingesting this data if necessary um fortunately all that hard work came to bear yesterday when um there was a technical issue and the teams decided that hey it was best to try to do the switch and rely on this Tech demonstration um everything we understand from the telet we received which is limited to this point until we get all the data back that uh the technology performed flawlessly um better than expected performance um it acquired range and velocity data well above the required 5 kilometers um altitude uh as it's descending and the reason why we need this data for successful Landing is as Landers come down um we would ideally like to have them come straight down uh but because there's errors in the all the operations of the system you wind up being a little bit uh going uh uh laterally going there um this measurement is really to try to get an understanding of that lateral motion so that the system can counteract that and zero out that lateral motion to come down straight down so you need these type of measurements to make that happen this is one set of technologies that allows to do that um there are slew of other ones to make The Landings even more uh uh reliable and safer that we hope to demonstrate on future Landings and so having this successful Landing today allows us to gear up and get ready to do more of this going forward to enable the um emis uh Endeavor of repeated access to the surface and eventual um um Landing of humans on the um on the surface and and um sustain presence on the surface with infrastructure laying it down and so this is the first step in allowing for that and a great for allowing us to um um get ready for more to come as we go forward thank you pan and thank you to our briefers for those initial remarks we'll now open it up to questions again if you've joined us on the line today or on our phone Bridge please press star one to submit your question once your name is called please state to whom you'd like to direct your questions once your question has been answered uh you you will be muted but if your question has already been answered answer you will push star two to withdraw it let's open our phone Bridge first up we have Gina sineri with ABC News Gina I think this question is for either Steve or Tim what was your Hail Mary moment during that where you went um we think we can make this work and we just made it work what was what were those moments or were there more than one well I think there were several uh of those moments like I said it was a spicy Mission I'll let Tim comment a little bit but uh you know the idea to pull the range uh Telemetry from the the the NASA Doppler lar was interesting um and change out the ler Laser Rangefinder uh callouts in the navigation application all that was very straightforward to go calculate part of that was put in a table but part of that had to mean that we had to rewrite uh the navigation application software and when you do that um to upload it to the vehicle you actually have to stop um guidance navigation and control and when we ran that in the simulation and we ran that on the flat set it did not like um uh being rebooted like that that software and we saw the guidance drift way off we saw a lot of heum usage and and that was uh very sporty so I think um in a very time crunch time uh getting ready for power descent we had to work feverishly to get that sequence of events almost like um Fred Hayes in a in in Apollo 13 where trying to figure out the sequence of events to reinitialize uh the software in particular reinitialize navigation and so uh that was uh done in a very sporty way and it was brilliantly executed by the team and so that was the one um that had us all biting our nails just a little bit because once you start uh Power descent you there's no going back like Tim said Tim do you have another one yeah there was um I will say on that one a parallel effort for sure so we had one team uh rewriting the code we had one team testing procedures and then uh another team once the code was written pushing it up on the vehicle moving into place that synchronization came down um to a flawlessly executed um reboot of the navigation system that allowed us to successfully land so um that was exciting another exciting moment we had after our tcm1 our trajectory correction maneuver we discovered that our engine pointing geometry uh had an error in it and uh we had to study that a bit and we found the the reason why uh we had a a geometry linkage that was a little bit different than we expected very difficult to test how that linkage to the main gimbal would respond Under full thrust in space and so we were able to use flight data to correct that but that was another area where we had to patch the software um um to put that correction in place and uh you know we became very proficient at it I will say and you hear this in the space industry a lot that uh we stand on the shoulders of giants um the work we were doing was built upon work pre people had done before us um NASA's core flight software is a big part of what we do um on the flight vehicle and and it has a lot of the capabilities to reload and uh reinitialize software built into it and we were able to take advantage of that because of the foresight that people who had done missions before had invested in in that piece of technology and we used it to Great Effectiveness going forward great thank you next up we have Marsha Dunn with the Associated Press hi um my questions are for you Steve um what's your best guess for how close you are to the targeted touchdown area and you said a lake caught the surface um do you think the Lander came in ped and to catch a leg like that could it have caught on a rock and then belly flopped and you think a disas was ever upright even for a moment or two or do you think it just landed on its side from the get go thanks well thank you Marsha for that question we are reconstructing um with the data that we get um what we think happened um my theory is just a theory until we get an actual picture and see what happened but if you pass me the model I'll show you here is if we're coming down we came down a little bit faster uh we were supposed to come down at one meter per second which is about two miles an hour and we're supposed to null the lateral velocity um which um was was supposed to be zero and we're coming straight down we had about two miles an hour going this way and so if you're coming down at six miles an hour um is what we think and moving 2 miles an hour and you catch a foot we might have fractured that landing gear and tipped over gently like I like I said um we have to go look at when the main engine cut off was to see if the main engine had any coupling effect to that or not I can't tell you for sure it'd be good to see the health of the landing gear and see how that all looks and so it'll be a few days before we get all that put together and reconstructed that's an action I've already given the team and I look forward to the answer to help inform our future flights I can add to that that um after pitchover we have a Hazard relative navigation system that generates uh measurements at one Herz this is our Optical processing and we generated 84 measurements and process 79 of those so 84 is important because we have an approximately a 1202 timeline from Pitch over to Landing so the fact that we generated 84 accounts for a portion of that timeline they're not necessarily continuous the fact that we process 79 of them uh and they were accepted by the C filter that we have in our software means that there was very good agreement between the inertial measurement unit and uh our our camera velocity measurement and the ndl navigation off the lighter on board with those all in agreement that means we had roughly 90 seconds out of 120 seconds guaranteed stable flight coming in so we were very close to the vertical phase um we don't have the data from that interval yet and so we're waiting to see what that is but that's a really good indication that we were in stable control and vertical at the time we touched down thank you Bill Harwood with CBS News he thank you very much uh I think this is for Steve um how do you guys know it's resting on a rock as it were and not on its side in other words how many degrees off vertical did your type readings lead you to think if if you even got a number like that and are there any payloads on board that simply cannot work in the current orientation thanks well um I'll let Tim address part of of it but our reconstruction um by based on how much power we're getting off of this solar array says that it that it has to be somewhat elevated off the surface horizontally um so that's why we think it's on a on a rock or the foot is in a in a in a crevice or something um to to get to hold it in that that attitude um the fortunately for most most of the payloads are uh exposed to the outside above the surface that's down uh the the panel that's down towards the surface that panel only had a single payload on it and it's not um an operational payload it's it's a static payload and that one uh we're still going to try to take a picture of that payload um if we can and that would meet uh those objectives of taking a photograph of of that art Cube that's in the on that panel and that one that's pointed towards the surface of the of the moon so we're going to try to to download all the pictures and see if we got got that picture in view Tim any more insight we also have some inertial measurement unit data um we've turned a lot of the the flight in instrumentation off on the vehicle for power management purposes but before we did we were able to get some packets and measure lunar gravity and uh most of that lunar gravity was in the Z Direction on that model which is up along um fairly close to level so there is something whether where you've run into a slope which would also explain a tip over if there's more SL than than we anticipated at touchdown um so the inertial measurement unit gives a very strong indication that this is up and and uh um Those sensors are very very Exquisite so uh it's a confirmation of what we're seeing from the tanks exactly what the material is that's underneath the Lander is something we hope to get some imagery uh from over the next coming days and and find out more we're as eager to see those images as the public is yeah and and I would add in terms of the technology payloads um we've already gotten data along the way to say they've been successful right so the radio frequency Mass gauge has been working since laun um you know soon as we got into lowth orbit and going on the way so we've gotten data all along that way as well as during The Descent which we're still waiting for Telemetry on that um the navigation Doppler liar um we got that real time going down so we know that work very well and successful aspect of it right um the scalps the stereo cameras we're waiting for the to come back there but you know everything else seems to be working very well so we anticipate that that worked well during The Descent as well um and just waiting for the data to come back to to analyze to see how that went so a lot of the payloads have already been successfully demonstrated yeah and I this is dra what I'd say is that in addition to what person Tim said about the fact that so much data was acquired during Transit out to the Moon lone Lo or war and Descent of course we'll evaluate if there's any particular measurements that we can take because of the vehicle configuration but in general we expect to get a lot of data and a lot of measurements from the instruments both Science and Technology yeah I have an add to that too you know the ndl is a a perfect example of a problem solved but the radio frequency Mass gauge uh was also something that we used for a problem avoided um we had a temperature sensor on one of our tanks and we fly cryogenic uh fluids are very very cold uh for propellant and a temperature sensor was recording uh reporting back colder than we anticipated well that could have been um indicative of a leak and so we were beginning to spin up some contingencies well what if we have a leak what do we do but because we had the radio frequency Mass gauge we're were able to confirm that our our tank masses were stable and we just had a a little bit of an anomalous sensor reading and that avoided a problem and we didn't spend more energy going through that so that technology is one that maybe isn't quite as dramatic as a uh as a late orbit um software reboot but um nonetheless gave us confidence going through the mission great thank you so much for your Insight on that next up we have Ken Chang within New York Times Ken yes hi thank you um I was wondering I guess for Tim and Steve sort of a Tik Tok of what happened after lunar insertion it looked like the orbit is lower than what was in the press press kit and then you had another burn that evening and then you avoided the DOI bird and um and then he had to it moved up to launch on the landing time I was wondering what the very orbits were and how that affected the landing time and also when did you find out that you have a bum laser alternator I missed the last part I'll start with the first part uh uh Kenneth do do you want to ask the last part again when did you find out that you had a bum laser altimeter yeah I what oh okay laser altimeter um so the first part of the question was about the lunar orbit insertion um and uh what happened after that right if I understand your question right well we were having some difficulty with Communications around the world communicating from the different configurations and the different dishes that we had around the world up to our radios um and we have uh quics radios and Talis alenia radios and some of those that Talis alenia radios have a range Beacon um and we have a frequency uh that we know a carrier frequency that we're operating on and some of the dishes were smaller around the world so in certain parts of the world we had a weaker signal and we would lose that carrier lock and when that carrier lock um goes down you can't get a good um orbit determination and there was a shift in the ranging Beacon so that shift and that turnaround ratio and the ranging Beacon is such that um you uh had some inaccuracy we had some inaccuracy so we got the best data we could possibly get going into our lunar orbit insertion burn but what we found was that was slightly elliptical actually uh it was elliptical not highly elliptical but it was elliptical orbit and so we were not comfortable necessarily with uh our uh the proximity to to uh to the to the South Pole area we were a little too close for our own comfort so we decided to come in and do a a a raise of our uh of our perallon uh position and we did that very quickly autonomously um and put us in a safer configuration for the mission and be prepared and that burn we did in such a way that it eliminated the need for a deorbit insertion burn um very small burn before we did a power descent um when we were uh looking at um our position around the Moon we decided to take a a Laser Rangefinder power it on and ping the surface to see how close we were because we're having trouble with this orbit determination and this Doppler measurement that we were trying to get and we saw that that laser didn't fire and what we found was that there's a safety enable switch because it's not an i iafe laser that safety enable switch is in the box and was not disabled um so it's like having a a safety on a on a a on a firearm um it's it's ground processing and that was an oversight on our part and so those laser range uh finders could not be turned on and we couldn't manipulate that enable switch um or disable switch with the software and so those rangefinders had been tested and would have worked if we had caught that um oversight and removed that enable before um or disable before flight so I think that got your question Tim anything to add on that no that's right I think the key thing was uh we have an incredible flight Dynamics team um who were able to to determine that from the orbit we were in we could raise paralon with a lunar correction maneuver that they had built in with the foresight to trim the orbit uh if we had some unexpected conditions and it basically put us into our descent orbit um about four or five revs before we we nomally would have done that but the orbit still phased over the landing site in the right way and gave us a great opportunity to uh execute power descent thank you so much for that Lauren grush with Bloomberg hi thank you so much for taking my question I think this might be for Steve or Tim I'm curious if you've been able to determine if the Tipping damaged the Lander at all uh based on the rock that it's leaning on is there any concern of further degradation because of the position that it's in thanks well again Lauren we're hopeful to get pictures and really do an assessment of the structure an assessment of all the external equipment um I we we are hopeful that um the top deck solar array is not damaged um and that as the sun comes around the Lander will be able to get some power generation from the top deck solar array which which is now uh vertical and so we'll see um what that means but so far we have uh quite a bit of operational capability even though we're we're tipped over um and so that's uh that's really exciting for us and uh we we're continuing the surface operations Mission as a result of it thank you next up we have Andrea line feler with the Houston Chronicle Andrea hi um these questions are for Tim crane um that final orbit you took I just want to make sure that was specifically to implement the software patch to use NASA's liar Tech demo for landing also Tim on Twitter or excuse me X um you mentioned a big role maneuver was this part of of the plan if not what caused a r maneuver and did that create any complications and finally I was hoping you could walk us through some of the communication issues experienced right after landing um was it difficult to get a signal because it was at an angle or was this other challenges related to being on the South Pole thank you thanks Andrew I did not catch the first part of your question could you could you repeat that um sorry the first part was you know that final orbit that you took that kind of pushed back the landing was that specifically to implement the software patch um that that helps you land with the NASA's liar test demo yes okay thanks uh it was we were we were in position to land at approximately 3:30 um but the the procedures that that Steve was talking about what order do we bring down the the flight control the guidance do we inhibit RCS how do we do that in such a way that there's no unexpected consequence on the vehicle for example if we turned off guidance navigation and control but didn't turn off um the RCs uh control Val valves they could listen to noise on the computer instead of controls to zero and we could open up the valves and and lose control so we were very very deliberate about working through in what we call a flat set which is basically the spacecraft equipment laid out in a lab um driven by a simulation we were very deliberate about working that procedure so that when we shut the software down um we could bring it back up safely and there was no harm to the vehicle we had the patch ready in time for the first landing attempt we hadn't come to a satisfactory procedure yet and we had to get it right and so uh Steve and I conferred um it would be a little bit more fuel uh to catch the the the oror once around but again um our flight Dynamics and automation team had written software that gave us a great amount of flexibility uh to control odyss and we're really at a special time in in our lunar program and intuitive machines where most of our operators are also the subject matter experts who built these systems so we had incredible Insight what was going on we had great confidence we could make this work but we needed a little bit B more time and so we made the call to abort once around uh and implemented the patch at that time so that when we had that final orbit we were in high confidence of Landing um the uh roll maneuver at the end uh we had made some decisions you know every every vehicle has a mass limit and you're trying to optimize performance versus Mass we had flown a vehicle with fixed antenna and in order to fly with fixed antenna we had to look at what our our Landing orientation was was at the South Pole we landed in fact you'll see in this model uh there's white white paint on on some surfaces and and black paint on others that's because we were going to land on the south uh near the South Pole and the sun was going to illuminate the solar arrays as you can imagine and then also these white surfaces to reject heat but on the other side we have the cold side and it gets very uh very cold if you're not in direct sunlight on the moon so we painted that black to catch reflected light off the moon and warm them up so um as we were coming down we wanted our navigation cameras pointed to the ground then we wanted our navigation ground cameras pointed to the ground after we pitched over but in landing we had a planned roll maneuver to bring our antennas to face the Earth and so um in order to accommodate that we had a planned roll maneuver it was not uh unexpected that uh the roll maneuver would occur it was also expected that there would be a loss of uh Communications as we switched from our one two antenna pair to our 34 antenna pair thank you so much for that next up we have Chris Davenport from The Washington Post Chris hey thanks everyone uh for Tim Steve just um regarding that audible you had to make and I want to see if I can pone down to some of the chronology to get a sense of how the day unfolded for yesterday about what time is it that that you realize that that that laser range finder wasn't working um and then did you immediately know that you could go to the mdl system was this something you had planned on as a contingency or did you kind of make this up on the Fly and decide uh work on it you know in real time yesterday thanks I'll I'll start and Tim will add a lot of color to this because uh this one uh this one was uh like Gina asked was the hail Mary issue um when we went around the night before um and we made that um um Laser Rangefinder measurement um it looked like the laser fired we got an enable in the data but when we did a deeper analys analysis of it it was uh it was not actually uh fired it was an error in the Telemetry so when we dug into it we uh that morning this was the morning of Landing uh we called MDA and asked them what they thought about it and could we convert that um uh physical enable switch to a software change uh to command that switch and uh they indicated no there's a physical uh H uh cutout for this and not a softwar driven cutout for this so we now I got into the control room I can laugh about it now and Tim was on Console as the mission director and I said Tim we're going to have to land without laser range finders and his face got absolutely white uh because it was like a punch in the stomach that we were going to lose the mission and we went around and we said what are we going to do we started to hack into the OS the operating system of the Laser Rangefinder to see if there was a way we could trick it some way uh we thought about running a simulated uh table of the power descent phase and like predict with uh like some parameters how we might land and there's just way too much variables way too many variables in that running a simulation table in uh against the real world situation so that wasn't going to work and so Tim and I were walking through the halls and trying to find the experts and he came up with the idea that says why don't we just Plum the high beam laser and the low beam laser from the ndl into the registers for the um uh hrn Laser Rangefinder and the TRN Laser Rangefinder he came up with that while we're walking down the hall in A hurried way and uh it only would work if we ingested the range measurement in the nav application and we had done that because we had worked with the team at Langley for so long with the n NASA Doppler lar that we were able to uh have that instrument in Shadow mode to give them better quality data and because it was in Shadow mode we had that measurement in the navigation application and it was just a brilliant piece of insight by Dr crane to say let's clear the register and put those two lasers in as the as the actual makeshift laser rangefinders so that's kind of how it unfolded and we needed more time uh so we delayed and took the risk and said let's delay an orbit and uh switch to a later Landing time because the landing time was originally around 3 uh 323 or 324 and we delay till you know 524 as you know based on a two-hour orbit around the moon so Tim anything else yeah it um it it's it sounds easy in retrospect um we had the the navigation Doppler lar already plumbed in the navigation system and had the range rate data so the three beams on the the ndl produce a velocity measurement as purun had talked about they also produce a range measurement and we were not using the range measurement we were we had the just the range rate as a backup to our Optical systems um but because it was already plumbed in there we had to uh rewrite those rewrite time tags um into our measurement loader but the challenge was the uh the lasers so we have we have these two navigation pods on the vehicle if you can zoom in there maybe maybe not anyways there these two navigation pods that have the cameras there you go two navigation pods on either side of the vehicle that have cameras and the laser rangefinders point in the same direction as the cameras and those angles were optimized for our flight trajectory to give us the best measurement to land softly the ndl was um under one of these and its angles were optimized to uh test the uh extent of its performance not necessarily to feed our navigation system but to test the sensor because it was a technology development so after we figured out we could write the measurements uh into the Laser Rangefinder we had to quickly tell the computer that the laser beams were pointed in different directions and so there were a number of attitude transformations of its it's not in the same location it's not in the same orientation and if you've ever see Engineers doing right-hand rule Transformations there were a lot of broken wrists put it down here as people were trying to figure out which way is it pointing and I will tell you that in normal software development for a spacecraft this is the kind of thing that would have taken a month of writing down the math cross-checking it with your colleagues doing some simple calculations to prove that you think you're right putting it into a simulation running that simulation 10,000 times evaluating the performance usually you find an error because you did something in that rotation wrong and you roll it back and you go again our team basically did that in an hour and a half and um it worked so it was uh one of the finest pieces of engineering I've ever had a chance to be affiliated with I'd like to add to that that the performance of the navigation Doppler leader technology and parall that was developed by nessa's Langley Research Center CER was outstanding and it was reliable and that's what got um got intuitive machines some of the key data they needed in order to soft great thank you so much for that Eric berer with RS Technica Eric hi thanks very much congratulations uh a good question for two questions for Tim or or Steve first of all about propellent management I'm curious how the crowd gen to boil off matched up with your expectations and kind of how much prop you had left at the end um and then what is the transfer data transfer rate you're getting Now versus what you expected you know trying to get some sense of how much data you're going to get back over the next week or so versus your original expectations thanks uh propellent so uh actually the the cryogens did very well and and just a correction Eric our system um doesn't really have boil off our tanks are rated to hold the pressure of of the methane it's very close to space storable really what we're worried about isn't um a propellant boil off it is um temperature management we want to keep that cryogenic fluid very cold because the density of that fluid in our engine is what gives us the power of of that thrust system so um really what we were looking at throughout the flight was did our insulation plan and our isolation of the the cryogenic tanks from the hot material the spacecraft did that give us the right um thermal protection so that we did not heat heat that cold system up and that worked very well uh we found ourselves in a very good situation with propellant all the way through the mission uh we did have uh we used a little bit more helium than we thought uh throughout the mission and had to adjust our U our control uh approach for that and that was probably the area of concern we run a little bit low on helium so a lot of lessons learned there on how we'll manage that going forward that will play off very well and in terms of the uh the bandwidth that's difficult to answer one of the things that's happening right now we built fault detection technology into our Comm system that if we're not getting a command heartbeat up on two of the antenna pair it will go through a sequence of powering the radios off restarting them and then if they still don't get the heartbeat uh command signal from the from the earth then it switches to the other antenna pair and so one of the first things we're trying to do is get out of that flight configuration and stay locked in on two antennas but with that flip-flopping back and forth uh right now we're we're trying to get the stand up to move out of that flight mode but there's a beat frequency of we go from a good configuration to one that's down and then we're about to come up to the new one and we move to a new antenna and so we're working through that when we left to come over for the briefing I think they just about had that solved but I can't give you a strong number because there's a variability there as we go from different antennas to different dishes around the world great thanks again Jeff fa with space news Jeff good afternoon maybe just to quickly follow up on Eric's question for Tim what is your best guess how good data rate you can eventually get once you optimize the system for the Lander and its configuration and then also I think this question was asked gerer I may have missed the answer what's your best guess in terms of margin of error of how close you are to the predicted Landing site how many kilometers away um you think you touch down thanks yeah great questions thanks Jeff um best guess you know in terms of of bit rate that's hard to say because that does vary with uh the antenna size and the sensitivity of each antenna but we expect to get most of the mission data down once we stabilize our configuration um in terms of Landing accuracy you know with without Precision navigation sensors on board um the best you can expect to land on an IMU only Landing system would probably be in the four to 5 kilometer range uh however our Optical navigation sensor performed flawlessly in fact our our Optical measurements looked better on the Scopes than they had in simulations so I'm confident that we're well within U probably a two to three kilometer U accuracy of the landing site for this Mission would have been better if we' had our full compliment of sensors as expected and just as a a closing Point Jeff on this question is that we're planning working with the lunar reconnaissance Orbiter and the Arizona State University uh faculty to uh do a pass to see if lro can uh locate our position uh precisely and give us a latitude and longitude and we expect that measurement uh that pass to to occur this weekend thank you so much for that Joey roulette with Reuters Joey hey thanks uh for doing this question for Tim or Steve um since the Lander is on its side I was wondering you could go into how that will limit what the ler can do um you know which operational capabilities are impacted by that and which you know science objectives if any won't be able to be conducted because it's on its side thanks well I comment initially uh like I mentioned um we don't have active payloads on the panel E I believe is what's facing the surface of the Moon and uh so therefore uh the the active payloads that need Communications and uh need to give off we need to command and we get the Telemetry out are all exposed to the outside um which is very fortunate for us uh we do have antenna however that are pointed at the surface and those antennas are unusable um for transmission to uh to Earth back to Earth and so that really is a limiter our ability to communicate and get the right uh right data down so that you know we get everything we need for the mission um I think is the most compromise from being on our side any anything I missed Tim no that was it well maybe one I just thought of his I I was telling you before about the solar panel on the top deck uh we had uh had to angle that at about 30 degrees tilt up uh for uh for landing on the South Pole that was one of the engineering changes we made when NASA asked us to move to towards the South Pole region uh now we've tipped over and we don't know the health of that solar panel it would be great to get a picture and or wait until the sun comes around and see if we get any battery charging off that solar panel so um we'll see we're in a great state of charge with the batteries we're getting plenty of Sun on the on the horizontal the now horizontal solar panel um and we'll just have to wait and see with that that other panel thank you so much Jonathan Siri Fox News thank you for taking my question and congratulations everyone um my question is also for Tim or Steve um your team had to essentially rewrite the instruction manual several times while in Flight not just for troubleshooting but also adapting to uh first in space performance of that new engine could you give us an idea of how many people were involved with the process and did the discussions take place in a single war room or were you conferencing in experts from multiple locations just give us an idea of the human Logistics involved so I'll give you a rough overview and then Tim can comment um kind of how how it went over the sday period we the operations team was structured um in into three shifts red white and blue shift uh those shifts were supposed to work eight hour shifts and then do a a Handover between shifts but uh between those teams um those teams are about 10 individuals yep 10 and uh the other team that we activated was called Team Four and the team four was a handful of us senior leaders that and Engineers that could analyze and take the workload off of the uh operations teams so if the operations teams are are wrestling with a particularly thorny problem they would call Team Four and say get in here and let's work on this uh work on this for us and give us a a solution so we would pull in the subject matter experts for any of the disciplines um that we would need to solve any particular problem and we would work in a war room sense outside the control room to tackle that problem we would have for example to activate and bring up the simulation or activate and bring up the flat Set uh we would run analysis cases we would call the vendors like we called the um uh MDA about the ler laser rage finders um we called NASA and talked about the deep space network with that orbit determination need uh so all of that chatter in the back that was handled by um I would say about 30 people that that would work a given problem on and off based on the on the discipline but what had happened during the mission was that red white and blue team and teams and Team Four ended up working uh nearly Around the Clock um we really uh could staffed more uh but it takes a lot of expertise to staff those teams and we ended up kind of melding into we're all working on this last problem through Power descent and we collapsed into a single red white and blue team all of it and to get that solved um which we're going to go back and look at and see you know we really really work the team hard they're put a lot of hours in I think one of the longest days was 48 hours long and another another day was 40 hours long for some of the folks folks and that's you know just just working too hard and we need to give them rest so they can be bright and uh make the right uh engineering decisions so uh we got some lessons learned in that area but we did it and it was worth it and it was a whole idea of persevering through the challenges and never giving up never ever give up until the last Stitch solution you could find and then keep thinking about it if it didn't work so just a testament to a great operations team yeah I'll add to that you know our operations um concept was a a a blend of human space flight for space station and space shuttle we have you know that's in our culture here in the Houston area some of us had worked on the alh hat Morpheus project at Nasa which was uh in some way has the DNA that that led into Nova sea uh we had people with a military operations background and then we have people from uh commercial networked operations and so we put all of that together and we came up with our own unique blend of how we were going to do spacecraft operations and a big focus of that was the people inside the room on the red white and blue teams keep the vehicle alive keep the vehicle alive and doing what it's supposed to do and then all the mission directors myself Jack T fish Fisher and Trent Martin we had the responsibility to interface with Team Four and we would be able to say I have this problem I can't solve it with the resources I have in the room and and do what we're supposed to do and so we would shed those out to Team Four and they did an amazing job whether it was talking to the vendors or uh developing a procedure they took that off the plate and that load balance even though Steve's right you know I joke this morning that you know how was your day I said well this mission was the longest s-day day of my life um but it it really it really allowed us to focus on keeping the vehicle alive and keeping it moving on its way to the moon and doing the things we needed to do while problems and anomalies could be solved in the back room and uh you know this is a story that everybody on that team is going to be able to tell for Generations uh about how we landed Irene clutz Aviation week your line is open thanks um if I understand that incredible sequence of events correctly was it just Serendipity that a situation developed with that elliptical orbit that caused you to um try and get the Laser Rangefinder data where you realized it wasn't working um before it would have actually been needed and when during the um touchdown would that laser range finder nominally have been activated I think I understood Irene um the question it was actually fortuitous that um we had an elliptical orbit um uh after lunar orbit insertion uh because we would not have arbitrarily activated the laser range finders prior to power descent we tested them on the ground we flew them on aircraft we flew them on helicopters um we and and uh we assumed after all that testing they worked so the first usage of those laser rangefinders was during was supposed to be during the descent but because we had such a uh low parallon we activated the laser and found the problem so that was uh fortunate and that was a bit of luck for us that then we identified that they weren't firing um so at that point then that was recovered like I said at the uh the next morning we uncovered that and uh then we had to work uh feverishly to figure out an alternative solution anything there Tim yeah just the second part I any your question of when would they normally have come on normally we would have turned them on um after deorbit insertion about an hour before landing and we expected the what we call the terrain relative uh navigation uh liar uh the Laser Rangefinder that would have operated really from about 50 kilometers altitude all the way down to landing and then after pitch over we had a laser on the other side that would take us from a kilometer down so we would have probably been five minutes to Landing before we would have realized that those lasers weren't working if we had not had that fortuitous event so Serendipity is absolutely the right word Jackie Waddles CNN hi everyone thanks so much for doing this uh had a quick question for Steve or Tim I know everyone's really curious about the photos here so do you guys have any indication of Eagle Tam is in a position uh to pop off the Lander and take some pictures um and to that end if you could just clar verify for all of us are there any specific payloads whether commercial or NASA I know some of them are passive um and you're still working on figure out these data down links and stuff but are there any that you know for sure or just haven't gotten any data yet and don't know if you will get data from thanks so much well fortunately again uh eagle cam sits on a panel let me let me show Tim if panel e um I believe is towards the surface of the Moon eagle cam sits over here on this panel and we plan to eject that camera off the side so it will fall um about 30 meters or so maybe not that far away from the Lander and get a good shot of the Lander position this way um so we're looking to uh power up that eal cam we were waiting on getting commanding ability power that up uh clear that SD card and fire the camera and so we can get a a view back to our Lander so that's a very exciting image for us uh the reason it wasn't fired as we were Landing uh was because of this uh nav system initialization that we had to do which put a flag up to flag um the eagle cam uh uh not to fire so um that was part of uh the troubleshooting we had to do to to get the um Doppler liar into the nav system we had to do these navigation initializations and that shut off the eagle cam and we knew that was in the software but we just did not have time to go fix that and so now we'll get it and get the image in the orientation that we need the other question you had about commercial payloads we think we can uh meet all of the needs and uh from the commercial payloads uh that we have in the Orient ation we have the one uh on panel e that's uh uh covered right now or shaded by the Lander and the surface um is the art Cube project and we believe we've got an image of that already um that we can download and uh share with our our customer I'll add that for the NASA science payloads as we said earlier the many of them have already taken a lot of data a lot of measurements in transit and also on descent we're still checking to see if in the current uh suspected orientation of the vehicle whether there will be any particular measurements that can't be made in some of the payloads so for example we want to make sure that the laser retro reflectors which are normally you know pointed up so that when the lunar reconnaissance Orbiter flies over it can pulse them with a laser beam and find their position we'll have to check to make sure that they can still be illuminated they probably can be when the Orbiter is f is flying at a at a further angle away on the trajectory very similar to what we found with the recent slim Landing from the Japanese space exploration agency but we are doing an assessment to see are there any measurements still to come that from any of the NASA supplied payloads that Mo most likely can't take place particularly because of this new orientation great thank you so much for that Will Robinson Smith for space space flight now will yes hi thanks for taking the time to answer questions here one for uh Joel and for sun if I could um given the success and now the um operability of the ndl will that become a I guess highly recommended or required payload on future Clips missions and what are the potential implications or or not on effect for um the human Landing system Landers will not have to recommend that blue origin basx Implement that into their Landing systems thanks I'll take a I'll take a shot for son please please add so for a commercial lunar payload Services initiative we don't um prescribe to our the company partners that are doing this as a service you know what techniques or Technologies they use but as you can imagine all these different companies are always looking for low-risk good performance ways to gather the data or conduct the operations that they are going to uh conduct for NASA so we um uh I'm sure that the story you as you can tell now is very public about um about things like the performance of the ndl and we would think that people that are looking at lunar Landers would be checking into that technology now that it's actually been flight proven operationally on probably the um an unanticipated flight test mission right i' actually use it operationally I would say the same thing you know the um human Lander system Partners have their own techniques and their own approaches that they're taking but again now that this has been actually shown to operationally work I would think it's going to be of great interest to folks that want to travel to the mo for yeah I will add um you know we've actually the NASA has already um licensed this technology to a small company to commercially provide this to whoever wants to buy it right and so um this only adds more validation of the system um there's just a technical reason to add it right uh uh beyond the aspects that Joel talked about because it is an order man itude more accurate uh in precision and measurement of range and velocity components um it's half the power half the mass of the traditional approaches that uh we've used in the past um and the volume in some of signs is about a third of it so if you just look at it from a technical perspective it just provides all these benefits and so I'm sure U Future uh vendors will look at this type of capability um um uh a new and and try to incorporate these types of Technologies and that's why we're doing these missions right um is to develop better and better capable systems that allow us to do this more reliably uh more capably and uh hopefully more sustainably and more cost efficient wise so in fact after the landing I did joke with um Steve there it's like hey now are you ready for im2 because we we have free payloads already ready to go on im2 right and so we're we're ready to demonstrate even more stuff that um will help um the greater space economy that bges in in here in the US and and we just want to augment that as much as possible we can with what we're doing yeah I I'll chime in as well you know as you look forward to Future missions um and as we begin delivering cargo emissions with a metric ton and more you know those those payloads get more and more valuable and as those payloads get more and more valuable we're going to have to prove to our customers that we have robustness in our Landing systems one of the ways you achieve robustness is with redundancy or with de similar redundancy so having two ways of measuring that Landing we had a camera system on board but if you have a camera system and a laser system one might fail in a way that the other one might not and so I can see that as the lunar economy opens up as NASA begins to send cargo um and larger more expensive payloads with companies like ours and others that um you're going to see demand for these kind of sensors complimenting a suite of sensors that you use to guarantee safe landing is going to be something that that will be an industry standard thank you for that we are going to try and take two more questions so I'm going to ask you guys to be brief in your remarks so we can get the get through these questions uh first up we have Marsha Smith with space policy online.com Marsha uh thanks so much getting back to the communications question I gather that part of the challenge is that you have so many different sites around the world with different capabilities but I know that you had talked before you launched about the ch challenges of communicating at the South Pole so how much of the C problems are related to the ground stations and how much to the place where you are on the Moon and what lessons are you going to learn from all of this for the aremis missions well yeah I'll answer some of that um question uh what you get is a phenomenon at the south pole that NASA is interested in understanding since uh that's where our future emission Artemis missions are targeted or NASA's future Artemis missions are targeted um is a is a frequency uh multipath condition um and so are you going to get multi-path interference on your communication frequencies fortunately we think the antennas that are pointed towards the moon will give us a really good understanding of that phenomenon at the South Pole uh another serendipitous moment right um but I would say that uh we thought about this landing on the South Pole quite a bit and if you look at the mockup all the antennas are up high and pointed like we like towards Earth when you're sitting on uh on the surface of the Moon in transit it's very difficult you have to constantly change your attitude to point the antennas back to earth when you're headed to the moon so uh we're going to figure out an antenna location map for subsequent missions and even mission two that gives us an antenna pointed back at the earth when we're flying out towards the towards the moon for sure um also in this first ever use of our lunar uh Data Network uh this commercially now available uh Data Network made up of these large radio astronomy dishes that we've uh stitched together in a network some of those dishes have um um had have had configuration issues some of those dishes have had a weaker power Power Band um so we can all operate on uh this frequency uh sand set of frequencies however the power to reach the moon is what came into account um as we went around um and out towards the moon the further we got the times those uh uh Power transmission levels were too low to have us uh keep the carrier locked um locked up on the radios um so that was some of the challenges and that's what we're looking for going forward is to really regularize that lunar Data Network uh so that operationally we know the configuration we can go upgrade uh to put additional uh orbit determination capabilities within our baseband units at each antenna site um and and the best thing will be when we get our data relay satellites in orbit we'll have that um problem licked and we can communicate um short distance from the surface up to a satellite and relay that back to Earth in a in a in a more traditional way so looking forward to those advances in the communication system thank you and we have one last question we can take this afternoon uh with Adam man from science Adam um hi there I'm with science news actually and I guess this is for the intuitive machines folks and wondering maybe you've answered this already but I'm just wondering if you have any idea um how long OD might be able to stay operational um on lunar surface well it's a great question and and you're going to bring a tear to my eye um we know at at this Landing site the sun will move uh beyond our solar arrays in any configuration in approximately nine days and so um the early missions are all solar powerered and require that and then once the sun um sets on on ODI um the batteries will t to keep the vehicle warm and alive but eventually it'll fall into a deep cold and then the electronics that we produce um just won't survive the Deep cold of lunar night and so uh best case scenario we're looking at another nine to 10 days and then uh we will of course the next time the sun illuminates the solar rays we'll turn our dishes to the Moon just to see if the radios and the batteries and the flight computer survive that deep cold um the solar array should they should survive the Deep cold provide Power but we'll just see if our Electronics made it through we'll take a look we'll take a listen by that time we'll have gotten very very good at uh at listening to that signal but uh we do expect probably a maximum of another nine to 10 days

Channel: VideoFromSpace

Views: 181,203

Keywords: intuitive machines, moon landing, news briefing, press conference, status, lunar lander, odysseus, space.com, sspaleta, spaceflight, SC02661

Id: CyKB6C9XnfI

Length: 75min 38sec (4538 seconds)

Published: Fri Feb 23 2024