how to repair electronics for dummies part 2

okay so here we are on the second portion of this video where I'm going to be showing you how to test some of these components and there's a lot of components out there um but the good thing is is if you can test one usually you can test all of them there are some that you're not really going to be able to use a multimeter for and in this case we're going to be test we're going to be doing two things we're going to be using a cheap multimeter this one is just like maybe twenty dollars twenty five bucks or something like that okay and I'm also going to end up using a capacitance tester right here and this same thing about twenty bucks off of ebay they have some multimeters that test capacitance as well I have a fluke that ordinarily I would use but this is probably what you're going to be getting for your first multimeter and it works I mean I've got a couple of these and I use them all the time in my guitar shop because I don't care if they break and they work you know and it does everything that I need the capacitance thing I rarely use here in the guitar shop there's really no need for it there are some capacitors in a guitar but I usually don't use it this is basically what I'm doing arcade repair or having to repair a board out of something okay so these were the only few things that we're going to need and I guess I should go ahead and go over how a multimeter works just in case you've never done it before all the things that I had mentioned before with a with the components and how they work and we think well this pretty much depending on where you turn it you're sending it to measure a component so every multimeter for the most part is going to have something to test resistance it's going to test some type it's going to test amperage contessa voltage and it usually will have continuity tester okay a diode checker okay sometimes you'll see them wear this things these things have got things that tests capacitance I've never used the tester on this I don't know if it's any good sometimes it will even check temperature like this one this particular one also has a thing to test capacitor transistors I never use it okay but most multimeters will have stuff like that and right here resistance right here DC voltage from here to here AC voltage from here to here it's the AC amperage or current and from here to here we have the amperage from DC PC amperage okay and that's really all you need okay for your first multimeter that's really the only thing that you need this one is is not a meter that is self adjusting it's not self calibrating and so you kind of have to know what you're measuring the value it's supposed to be so that way you can get the proper reading generally it's better to start high if you don't know it can work your way down okay general so let's go ahead and get started and test a couple of things let's start with me getta when you get a couple of things over here I should have brought some resistors in here let's start with an electrolytic capacitor I know this one's closest to me it doesn't matter what color they are they come in all sorts of different colors come in different shapes but they're almost always circular like this okay almost always and if you look at it you're going to see that it says 330 micro farad it's going to say at 50 volts 50 volts is the maximum amount of voltage it can handle okay the micro farad is basically talking about the charge the capacitance okay if you ever have to replace one of these you can always increase the voltage but the farad's have to be the same okay and all of these components have what's known as a tolerance and the tolerance basically says well if this is 330 micro farad's there might be 5% tolerance 10% tolerance or something like that which basically means if it's 10% you can go 33 my parents either up or down and is considered good and resistors are like that you know pretty much every component is a certain level of tolerance to it the higher the quality is the lower the tolerance you know but there's some up there that's like 20-25 percent tolerance you know whatever but these are cheap electrolytic capacitors are cheap and so you know it's since they don't you know it cost cents to buy some of these depending where you get them you're also going to notice that you have a long lead and shortly when they're brand new short lead is going over here to the negative and you're going to hear words then you're going to hear things like cathode and anode and stuff like that when you're dealing with electronics and that's just referring to either it's a positive or negative lead okay but anyway the negative side is clearly marked sometimes it has a marking here but it'll say it's the positive side so you got to pay attention but you'll see that the positive is longer this is shorter this is a negative side these need to go in exactly the way they're supposed to go in so this is where the negative was that's where you've got to put it like so in the circuit board if it was here before that's where you got to put it if you flip it around you're going to end up creating problems this thing can heat up and this topical and it'll pop off as time goes by these electrolytic capacitors go bad as time goes by and sometimes they last for a long time but other ones they leak okay and sometimes if you look at the base of them especially on an older or older one you might actually see leakage you might see stuff coming out of it you might see this bulge okay where the top of it might be bulging or something or this looks like it's kind of opened up and exploded and all of those things are dead signs that the capacitor is bad so when you see you always do a visual inspection first you know everything should look brand-new okay if you see anything that looks burnt anything that looks bulging anything that's discolored anything that looks like it's leaking anything like that that is something that you need to look into you those are those are culprits possible culprits but let's say we have taken this out of the board and now we're going to test it well lucky for us it tells us 331 I compared that's what it's supposed to be at so if we come over here and this has got two different ways of testing I can take this and I can put this inside here in these like little holes up here to test it but this is supposed to be 330 micro farad so I'm going to come over here to two thousand and testing it this says that this is three hundred and nine okay now depending on what the tolerance of this is okay that would that would be okay let's let's test another one of these guys you'll see different color but you're going to see something pretty much the same the short one is the negative and come over here push this guy inside this says this is 107 and this is saying that this is a hundred microfarads sixty three volts so this is this is good this is one and pretty much that's how you go got testing it now if I were to put this down here on like 2 micro farad and I'll just use the same one and I were to try to measure this it you might think that it's wrong like it's got a bad you know like something's bad in there okay but as I start increasing it that's when we start getting different numbers now if I put this all the way up here to the top you say oh this is on point 10 that's supposed to be a hundred you know whatever that's why it's important to know exactly what you're supposed to be measuring you know what what it's what you're supposed to UM beginning okay you kind of need to know that so when you have these things that are not self adjust self calibrating into just yourself you know you're going to get the right reading okay and usually the biggest I mean usually capacitors easy at least electrolytic s-- we have a different kind of capacitor and it's basically like this this is non polarized in other words you don't have to worry about the negative side or the positive side and this comes in a lot of different shapes sometimes in a lot of different colors you might see one that's yellow that's skinny and tall you might see a green one that looks like a little Chiclets you're going to see all sorts of different color ones you'll see something like this that our ceramic and it's round and it's orange and it's like a ceramic like clay it's going to be almost like it's clay those are all non polarized capacitors good thing about things you don't have to worry about if it's negative or positive which side is which because they're basically the same but let's say we don't know for sure this one says point 4 7 K but usually these have a low capacitance you know we're not going to be up here and the micro fare usually it's not but we can come over here and by me putting these leads on here wait a minute when I use I don't use only one from the multimeter make sure that you use the proper ones or even get any reading at all ok so I've kept this on here I'm not getting any reading at all but as I start going down there we go those are 46 those are 46 and now you'll see that once again we're not getting anything and this is this is really the kind of like the problem with having to do this yourself like living it back and forth is because if you don't know what it is you know it might look like it's a bad capacitor it might look like it's a bad resistor you know it just so you kind of want to just kind of move it around and see if you get a reading out this is saying is 0.47 zero and if we look at if we look at this it's even written on there 0.47 this is good okay now that only checks the capacitance of this there's there's also another thing called ESR okay and you need an ESR meter and that is the thing that really tests the capacitor to make sure it's 100% good okay generally testing the capacitance is enough generally it is okay but even even though that this might pass the capacitance test it might not really pass an ESR test right and so the capacitor could test and look okay but it actually might not be okay and sometimes that does happen okay when in doubt just replace the part when in doubt but I would say a good 80% 90% of the time when you test it just testing the capacitance if it says that it's okay it usually is okay but every now and then you'll get a reading this like it's acceptable but when you do an ESR it's like whoa hey okay well this is creating a problem because all you need is one component just one just one little thing like this to go wrong on a circuit board and the thing won't work all you need is just one thing to go wrong all you need is one one thing like this to go bad and it can damage other parts that are in the circuit okay I can begin fry stuff all you need is just one little thing to go bad and so it's important that you don't overlook anything and you know don't take anything for granted a good thing is capacitors like this don't usually go bad okay usually they don't this yeah this these go bad a lot more often on most of the stuff I repair I'm replacing these and transistors and diodes more than anything okay so those are the capacitors and that's pretty much how you go about testing them and like I said these this is going to be a major culprit when things go wrong look for the electrolytic s-- that's the very first thing I mean when I'm scanning a board that's one of the very first things that I'm looking looking at is the electrolytic seeing if any of our bulbs see if any of them have popped if any of them are leaking you know all that other stuff that's one of the very first things I look for okay because it's something that you can visually tell if it's wrong so let's go ahead and close this up real quick like let me go over these okay this is the some of the ones that I have but these are ICS then I had mentioned before okay integrated circuits and each one of these is going to have a different number and stuff on it and there's going to be a different number of pens depending on what it does you can't really get a multimeter and test these guys okay a lot of these are well there's ways that you can do it but usually you depending on what type I see it is you would use something like a logic probe or you know a logic analyzer or something but sometimes these things are amplifiers they're not logic eight so like amplifiers and stuff sometimes their voltage regulators okay and you'll see stuff like this you'll see things like this this one looks like this is if this is an 86 31 I think this might be a CPU this is a z80 this is an old CPU this is a type of stuff that used to be in arcade games and if I'm not mistaken this was what was in the Atari 2600 if I'm not mistaken but this is like an old CPU and this this might be a CPU tube but this also might be like for a math box for a couple arcade games whatever paired kind of hard to say because I've got tons of these but you're going to see all sorts of different types this right here is memory this is RAM right here okay like that's RAM and you'll see that there's going to be some they're different sizes this is RAM as well this went to this goes to millipede a millipede Ram okay this right here another one and if I'm not mistaken this one has something to do with sound in a pinball machine and I think it might have something to do with the controlling the what to help you call that a voice synthesizer point is is there's a lot of different there's a lot of different little ones a lot of little different ICS here this looks like a 555 timer let me see if it is so hard to see what is this my vision is so bad right now it's not funny but you'll also find little guys like this each one of them has its own purpose its own that's a ram that comes from battle zone but all of these have their own purpose and there are tons I have I have I can't tell you how many ICS I have in the other room probably thousands and I don't even have a full collection of all okay but I do a lot of old repairs and you know I look at the part number like okay do I have this part number you know what is it what's what does this thing do you know what kind is it a logic gate it's just you know what is this thing doing is an amplifier what is this and they can go bad if one of these things go bad that can make the whole thing not work once again and also sometimes these things look like they're working they're kind of intermittent right and it can make it work sometimes it works sometimes it doesn't and you have to know how to test these things unfortunately I can't tell you how to test these with the stuff that I have here because each one is completely different and you you have to kind of have you have to get the sheet for that particular I see see what it is and I have an IC tester that I get these and I just plug it in and it doesn't test all ICS but it tests a lot and then it tests and you'll see how this one's good or no this one's bad okay and you're only going to be coming across these if you're going to be doing like old like old computers and stuff like that most of the time okay if you're going to be doing like old amplifiers and things old radios you're not really going to be seeing too many of these and if you do they might only be like one or something maybe two video games on the other hand tons of these and it's a must to have an IC tester and find the logic analyzer and a logic probe and all that other stuff I'm not going to be covering these too much because that in and of itself would be a video that one last hours okay so let's go to the next thing and since I have some up here we'll just go ahead and do it is our diode okay so this is what our diode looks like and they come in different sizes some of them are orange okay some of them are not I mean usually they're black with silver or white but sometimes they're Orange okay and there's different kinds there's in your diodes and stuff like that too and whatnot but we've got some other this is a typical you know diode like that but I think this is these are diodes right here you'll see these two now this is what's screwed up sometimes there's actually capacitors that look like this okay there's capacitors that look like that that's kind of lame but that's that's a reality of it okay sometimes there's capacitors that look like that so don't automatically assume when you're looking at the board that hey this is a diode sometimes this capacitor okay and really you need to have a set of schematics and the schematics is just a drawing of where everything is and it's usually labeled and it tells you what's what and what the readings are supposed to be tells you what the values are supposed to be schematics help you and you can usually download them off the internet but a diode what we remember with a diode it allows electricity to go one direction but not the other so what we're gonna do is we're going to take this or this out of the way you can do this with a wreath with an ohm meter - okay you don't necessarily have to use a diode tester but right here we see that the silver line is on this side I'm going to put the negative on this side I'm going to put the positive on this side and we're getting a forward about 0.7 one okay you're going to see it between like usually around like five point five something point seven yes on like that that's generally okay okay now if I get these on I flip them and I put this here and this here we don't get anything okay that tells me that this diode is okay and if we were to give something go by me putting it like this that diode we bet would be bad because it's only on now it's always supposed to allow current to go in one direction so that is the easiest way to test a diode so diodes are real easy to test okay that's pretty much how you do it a lot of these components in fact almost all of them you really need to take them out of the circuit to test and I'm going to show you basically how to do that here in just a little bit we have our transistor and the transistor once again if you look you're not going to be able to see it but if you look real close I'd be writing on the front of that okay that once again that's the part number and all that other good stuff but if we set this down I still have this on the diode tester this is either going to be an NPN or PNP okay and we know that this is always the emitter okay so the base on the collector over here and what we have to do is it's the base that we need to find out what it is so I'm going to I'm going to say what the middle one here is the base and I'm going to put the negative on it now by doing so I'm assuming that this is a PNP which it probably isn't is probably an NPN but I want to show you anyway I'm going to use the positive and go to the outside I don't get a reading I don't get a reading when I touch these two okay well either this is not the base or this is not a PNP so let me go ahead and come over here and what we're going to do is we're going to put the positive on the middle assuming that this is the base okay because if this is not the base this is the base but now I'm going to put this out here and just like a diode we get a reading just like a diet we get a reading okay now let's say that that was not the base okay same thing I put my lead here on the outside I don't get a reading I don't get a reading okay let's let's flip it around and see what happens I get a reading I don't get a reading okay so you see that you need to know which one is the base and messing around with this a little bit back and forth you can usually find it if I don't get a reading on one of those after I know it's the base then it's bad you know or during the time that I was doing this or I had okay like when I was doing it like this this is how it's supposed to look I get a reading I get a reading okay but that's with it being and negative P in the middle on the base in okay now but if I were to do this as a P and P and I were to put this here it's not easy trying to do this and I were to try to test it if I got a reading like this that means it's bad you can't have an NPN and a PNP at the same time right so what you end up doing is you test it like that to make sure because you might get those readings and say okay it's good but you have to do the opposite readings to to make sure you're not getting any leakage and you test them and you might see that this one doesn't give me nothing and then you test over here and it's giving you a little bit of leakage this transistors bad you gotta get rid of it okay but that's how you test them okay this is another transistor right here okay these sometimes are used for voltage regulators and all sorts of stuff these can be tested like a regular transistor but sometimes they can't be okay it just depends on what's going on inside this guy but this middle part right here is usually the center okay so you can you can test up here you can hold this thing here come over here and test this and say okay we're getting a reading we're getting a reading okay now let's go ahead and reverse this putting it here which is usually negative anyway and we're getting a reading but it's really high okay and we're getting a reading but it's really high now I know that this is good okay but you're going to look at them say well this this is bad that you know I shouldn't be getting reading okay that's because you you kind of you really need to know how each each one of these each one of these packages that and the shape of it is what they call package you need to you have to look up online look at the number that's on there find out what it is and basically what kind of you should be getting okay sometimes you can test it like a regular transistor and just like that works just fine but other times those things that are going on inside here that end up making it where you can't really test it like a normal transistor okay and so if you do test and you see something like that don't freak out and be like oh my god this thing's bad might not be but you're going to have to do a little bit of research online to find out exactly what these are supposed to be giving you the readings okay I have a transistor tester inside inside the room and I take that and I stick this inside there and it tells me exactly what it is and it tests it and it tells me if it's any good okay so I don't have to look up online okay that just makes things a lot easier but this is something that your when when you're doing electronic repair this is going to be something to be doing a lot of you're going to be with a magnifying glass looking up these numbers and you're going to be doing research online for these parts and then you're going to find out that a lot of these things are you Amane anymore then you're going to end up having to find a comparable part you know and it can be a pain in the butt sometimes quite honestly and sometimes you're not even going to know you're not going to be able to find any of the information that you're looking for you know but there's a lot of research it goes online the good thing is a good thing is most of the stuff that can go wrong and like I said when in doubt just replace the part something like this usually isn't very expensive 76 80 cents okay usually when in doubt just replace the part okay now I have I have so much testing equipment that you know I I can always always know something bad okay I've got so many reference books and so much test equipment although and you know I have an oscilloscope I have all sorts of stuff but you are probably not going to have that stuff you're only going to have maybe this you might not even have this but even with this you can do quite a bit but you're going to have to do some shotgun repairs and shotgun repairs basically means you know you're going to end up just like replacing a bunch of stuff even if it isn't bad just because you want to have all your bases covered then happens a lot when people are first starting but once again transistors you need a transistor tester okay but the basic the small transistor that I'd shown you earlier that's how you go about testing you're also going to see power transistors like this it's the same thing it could test it the exact same way so let me move all this stuff out of the way here okay so we will put we'll just see if this is an NPN or PNP but well we'll put one side here okay and we'll touch one side we don't get a reading we don't get a reading okay so let's flip it we get a reading we get a reading that's good so checking resistors pretty it's pretty straightforward resistors have a color code on them can you just pull one of these out and you know what this is but they have a color code on them and they come in different colors sometimes they're white and square and big and stuff just depends on the wattage and each one of these colors represent something and you can find the chart online okay of what it represents and it basically just tells you what the value of this is okay it's just a bag that's all okay political you don't know that that what we do is we come over here and we set it to let's pick 200k as a good start I come over here boom boom I'm not getting anything okay so let me see if I can hold this with just one I'm lowering it I'm not getting anything am I getting anything I'm not getting anything go up to 2 MEC ah there we go now we got something point 3 5 mega ohms but see how look how that's changing okay part of that's also because I'm holding it I'm help I'm helping to conduct this okay now we have a constant all right so we have 4 4 point 4 5 mega ohms 1/2 it's basically like 500 K oh that's probably what this is 500k oh and there's there's a tolerance okay this could be 44 k but there's a and then that tolerance maybe is 10% maybe it's 20% so if this is 500k against it's 50 you know 50k either way so 550 K or 450k and it would be considered fine okay that's if you ended up having the 10% if it's 20% I can go 100 K either way you know for the most part and that's no good you know as far as I'm concerned but that's how you test a resistor and the it's the better quality the resistors are and stuff obviously the higher tolerance is going to be but the color code will tell you what the tolerance is okay there'll be a little line I will tell with the tolerances the resistors rarely go bad okay they rarely go bad and when they do when they do it usually just burns up and you'll look at it and you'll see it burn up or you'll see it just like broken and separated or something you'll see you'll see heat like a problem of heat and that's that's the reality of resistors you know they rarely go bad okay so let's get to the next thing and we're kind of in luck because I'm going to show you here I've got to have a turntable that basically just stopped working for whatever reason I have no idea one step working it was working then it quit it doesn't really amplify and it doesn't turn okay so I have taken the back off and you're going to see that there's really not a whole lot of stuff here remove all of this so you can see really well earning a whole lot here is it okay more plastic than anything so how do we go about figuring out what's wrong okay well we're going to we're going to look at that we're going to look at this and we're going to see what is likely the culprit eh it's not it is not amplifying okay so even though the thing doesn't turn when I rub my finger over the needle it doesn't really make any noise okay so that's that's there's a problem with amplification I should be able to hear that even if this motor with that I should still be able to hear that now let me look back here to see if there's anything against in there so that's the first thing we know that there's two things wrong so with what that tells me is if we're getting a non-working motor and plus there's like no amplification it tells me that there's probably there's probably like an AC current that's leaking through the circuit or there's just this just no power going to it so you know you always start with the power and the power comes in through here and it goes into this so right here we see four diodes and these four diodes are acting as a rectifier and a rectifier what that does is it takes the AC current and it turns it into a DC current if one of these goes bad that could be creating the problem we have an electrolytic capacitor here this is acting as a filter okay so we're going to remove these things if I get this trying to move this in a way that you'll be able to see what is underneath here I'm trying to get it where you can see what's underneath but right here we have a transformer okay so the power is going into this into this board and from here it goes into the transformer okay so right from the wall goes into the transformer the transformer there is looks like there's two lines coming out of it yeah there's two lines coming out of it here in here so at this it's probably a step-down transformer so it's lowering the voltage after it comes to into here if I turn let me this is going to drive me crazy and for a second okay so now I can move this I'm trying to turn it over so you can see exactly what I see let me zoom in here okay so it comes in through here because it comes out of the transformer and from here you can see this is a trace - do you see how it looks like it's like a light green and is cruising like this these are traces okay sometimes these traces get scratched up or they break or whatever okay and if it's a case you have an open circuit so you have to fix it okay solder solder back together do use a jumper wire another thing that can happen is if you look at these this is where it's been soldered another thing that can happen is what's known as a cold solder joint and a cold solder joint is where the solder just kind of breaks and it creates this little little little ring that's very hard to see it's very hard to see without a magnifying glass and good light but that little break makes an open circuit you can't it's not making the contact that it needs to happens on old video games all the time especially the monitors okay and that is that's the easiest thing to fix because I have to do is to take a soldering iron put a little solder there boom boom boom it's fix astana okay but we have the power coming in here it goes into this diode which is right here okay that also goes into this diode which is right there okay this one powers coming in boom boom now keep in mind this is AC current right here that's coming in it's not DC current these diodes that's a point of it they're takin that AC current and is turning it into DC current because remember how electricity or current can only go one direction in a diode well that's what it's doing is it's saying okay well during the time that it's positive all that get through but during the time that it's negative I won't and the other side is saying during the time that you're negative I'll let you through but during the time that you're positive I won't okay and then that's how it rectifies it that's what's known as a rectifier okay so it's coming through here if one of these diodes is bad that could be creating the problem okay so what we're going to do is we are going to test these diodes and you're gonna say well how the hell are we going to test these diodes they're on the board you're right we have to remove them ah so I'm trying to using my D soldering gun to remove the solder from one side of the diodes like that okay and then from here on this side I'm going to try to pry them up so I'm just going to use these wire cutters to pull it up I'm not cutting them I'm just grabbing them and pulling them up and I'm trying to there's actually a tool that you can use for this that I have in my other in the other room I just didn't place didn't grab it but now that these these are out okay they're no longer touching any of the metal in the back they're isolated okay and if they're isolated now I can test them and they're no longer in the board okay so we can go ahead and put this on diode diode checker get in that reflection let me see if I there we go so we'll come over here and we'll test it okay we're getting a reading this direction are we getting a reading this direction no so we'll test this one no reading that way but it readings ally so so far those first two are checking out okay I'm not getting a reading that way am I getting a reading that way if I come over here not going okay that's good that's good those tests out okay so that means that can't be the problem okay and I would push these guys back in and then solder them back in place okay that's how you that's an easy way to take it out of the circuit so you can test it okay so that's good now what about this capacitor is this capacitor you know the culprit is this guy the thing this filter is it leaking is it being a bad boy what you know what's what's we don't know okay we can test that more than likely it is not this capacitor okay more than likely and you know what we can do is come over here once again desoldering ah move that ah remove that that looks like I can probably get it out of there now now what I'm going to do is I'm going to go ahead and use my capacitance tester to see if this is any good this is this isn't okay there's glue on this so I can't see exactly what the value is supposed to be but it says 16 volts okay so sometimes sometimes it'll be written on the circuit board what it is okay I don't know what this is so I know that it's probably going to be it's probably going to be a little higher than one might expect so let me so I have this on the 20 I'm not getting anything - am I getting anything okay I'm not getting anything on this but that doesn't mean that this is bad it's just because I stuck it inside there okay so that's one of the problems with having something that you have to adjust because you don't know exactly what the the reading is supposed to be what the value is okay so right here this is saying this is this is saying that this is a thousand microfarad so I tried scraping it off to see what it's supposed to be and I can't really see it but just to be safe I'm going to go ahead and I'm going to go ahead and just replace it okay so I've got another one the voltage is higher on this one but it's a thousand decide us negative we look at the board it will even have like a little negative right here that tells us if that negative is missing okay what we can do is we can actually where it comes in we can push this but this is negative it even says on the board right here and then we can just find ground somewhere on the board and put the continuity tester and if it beats in with a go that's got to be negative okay so but this it tells us right here which one is negative so what we're going to do is we're going to go and replace this it doesn't it doesn't really need to be replaced honestly but let's just say that this thing was bad okay so I get that bend that over once again I'll end up using my soldering gun just to solder it back up which is generally not how you do it but always remove these guys right here you don't want any of that stuff sticking out okay so right now as of this point okay all of these components look good except for we don't know about transformer do we right we didn't test transformer now the transformer is a coil okay and because it's a coil we can take a measurement like a resistance measurement and see if you know if we get something if it's an open circuit and well that tells us that the Transformers bad okay problem is is we might get something that says that it's not an open circuit is closed but it could be a reduction it could one of the one of the coils could have melted together and it could have like just be a reduction in voltage so it would look like the coils okay but it really isn't transformers rarely go bad but what we can do is we can take this this you make sure you put this type of stuff back on because it prevents things from grounding out but I want this back on here before I do what I'm about to do okay so now that I have that back together again we know that we know that the capacitor is good I know that the dials are good okay so the rectifier should be okay but we need to test we need to test to make sure that that that transformer is good so only waited for me to really do this effectively is to plug the damn thing in so anytime you do this it's always risk hey do you hear that it's working it's working that's crazy because the only thing I did was Reese odder the only thing that I did was just put a new capacitor inside there and you know check the diodes and resada them it's it's possible it's possible that there was a cold solder joint or something on those on those diodes and I just didn't see it it's also possible that that that capacitor actually the es the capacitor was bad right so that's really really bizarre to tell you the truth that's really strange I didn't think that this was going to end up being repaired so quickly actually I apologize for that because I was hoping that I could keep going hoping that I'd be able to kind of keep going and showing you about you know how I go about you know repairing this stuff and then just kind of tracing the problem um but that fixed it strangely enough that fixed it and I got to tell you I'm confused on why that fixed it because the only thing I have replaced is this capacitor and this capacitor for the most part is probably okay unless unless there's something going on inside it outside of the capacitance that was leaking you know hmm that's a really bizarre it happens sometimes there's also another possibility and that is because I have been moving these wires around and I've been twisting stuff one of these has a cold solder joint somewhere right and since I moved it it ended up causing it to turn back on again and to work that's possible too so I'm going to have to keep an eye on this thing to see if it acts up again because if it does it's probably loose wire somewhere and if it is then I need to go through and I just have to hit all of these with my soldering I earn that I mean I'm happy that's all I had to do to fix it but at the same time I was hoping I'd be able to kind of keep cruising and take you over to it like this thing and whatnot and test the motor and okay its back its back on plugged in let's come over here we're going to be checking for AC current okay so I'm not current AC voltage so I'm going to come over here I'm going to set it to 200 because I know what's coming out of the wall it's like 110 okay I'm not touch I don't want to touch anything on this even though this is plastic these are the only two guys that are going to be touching anything this is the coming in from the wall okay 120 volts okay the amperage is really high now what we need to do is we need to see what we're getting over here after it goes through the transformer okay now this is a little going to be a little bit more tricky one side remember we saw one side come over here and touch this diode so we can touch that this is saying it's about 10 volts so it's basically ten volts it steps it down to ten volts okay so we know that this this transformer is good okay power is coming in transformers good what about rectifying you know is the rectifier good or what we're going to do well we know that the dials are good so the rectifier is going okay set it to 20 volts because we know that this is going to be running on about 10 volts okay right here is where the rectified signal comes out this is the DC the rectified DC okay I might be able to touch this and this and get eight we got twelve volts DC that's what we should be looking for a lot of times on computers or things like that you're going to be dealing with things like 12 volts 5 volts you know 9 volts 7 volts but usually you're going to see you're going to see that common factors it's common things at 5 volts 12 volts they get stepped down okay a lot so 5 volts 12 volts those are those are common common common ones that you're going to see but even without the schematic I know that that's right okay just because it's so normal okay but we know that the power supply is good okay power supply from here starts going to things like different switches the switches could be bad if the switch is bad it's usually the contact points within the switch right like if we if we cruise up here let me see if I can zoom in a little bit on this so you can see what I'm talking about okay there's contact points inside there okay sometimes that those those get oxidized and carbon buildup and stuff like that it makes it or doesn't work so you can clean those then all of a sudden the thing works again okay so that could be a problem okay from we also have we have switches all over the place on this damn thing but from there the power goes into this this is probably this is going to be where the amplifier go this this is going to be the thing that controls the amplification for the needle okay this is going to be the thing that it's going to be controlling the speed of the motor basically telling it when to turn on going to turn off all the other stuff so are these switches that's also going to be happening it's got this is also going to be determining what part of the sound is going to go to the right speaker what's going to go to the left okay so let's go ahead and plug this so now if we take this and we lift it up where do we see underneath here okay and let me try to get this in a way that you can really see what the hell's going on what do we see here okay so we've got we have non polarized capacitors right here these are ceramic capacitors just some wires we have our electrolytic capacitors okay right here we have some more ceramic capacitors these are capacitors okay these are film capacitors right here these green guys we have a few resistors we've got a resistor here here here we have one up here I've got a few over here blah blah blah and then we have this Bank right here of resistors - this is a resistor so we have a little resistor there this is an IC 101 okay so this is an IC sometimes you'll see these guys and it's a bank of resistors and things like that right it's just easier than having a whole bunch of resistors stacked up but this is an IC okay so this is an integrated circuit I don't know what the point of this integrated circuit is but because I don't see any like IC circuits or transistors or anything like that for amplification and stereo separation I'm assuming that this is what's in charge of it I'm assuming that this is the thing that's causing all of that so this would be a culprit this would be something I would have to look for to see what's going on and it says that this is IC 101 that doesn't tell me anything okay but if I look up this particular model of turntable and then I and I end up looking up that particular part you know it there should be some schematics or something that pop up or maybe Sony parts or whatever and then I'll say I'm looking for this particular thing they're going to say this is what it is and you can order directly from Sony or you can buy an aftermarket line new world stock or whatever see so just because it's as I see 101 that doesn't help us in you if you take this out if you remove it and you look down the side of it there might be some writing and I do see some writing on here it's really hard for me to see it especially with my vision currently in the condition it's in but there's writing right here and so by taking this out and looking at that really close with them with a magnifying glass it could tell us exactly what the part is and we don't even have to really look up online through Sony or whatever for a replacement part we could just type that particular number in and that particular number would end up you know you get it on eBay or something like that a replacement part okay now for whatever reason this thing is working again and like I had mentioned before it could it could be a number of things you know I'm just going to leave it as is could be a loose wire or something it could have been this this capacitor that was bad it could have been I think that's strange but it's possible because if the signal if the power is coming in is not clean it can wreak all sorts of havoc on the way that this thing operates okay it needs to be a clean needs to be a clean signal if one of the diodes is bad and you're getting leaky AC that can wreak havoc on it okay power supplies usually the first thing that you check you know unless it's obvious that it's not the power supply okay and you'll notice there wasn't a whole hell of a lot of stuff here for me for us to check you know there's there was the passer diodes there was an IC bank here you're not gonna be able to do anything with that you're not gonna be able to test that you know it'd be better justified part if you thought it was bad one way that you know is bad is depending on what it controls you might not have any sound at all everything else works but you don't have any sound you've tested all the other things you tested all the capacitors you know the resistors are good you know you know the diodes are good it could it basically leaves it could only be this you know don't underestimate wires being broken right or cold solder joints don't underestimate that that stuff happens a lot but it usually happens in old things cold solder joints don't usually happen in new products it usually is after it's been setting for a while like a lot of the video games that I repair from the 80s it has cold solder joints usually it's older things like that old TVs old radios things like that but this I'm going to call good for now at least because quite honestly the things working so there's no reason for me to continue trying to fix something that is not showing any signs of problems you know I mean so let me go ahead put this all together oh this is something else always make sure that you have the proper amount of screws and you haven't forgotten any inside there that could float around and accidentally end up touching part of the circuit board and then short-circuit something I would be bad you could ruin a lot of stuff that way and when repairing when repairing things it is important to know kind of how the thing operates you know you need to know how something works because if you don't how are you going to know where to look you know for the problem how you going to know where to look but I usually will take it give it a shake to make sure that there's no screws or anything missing from here that's that and hopefully you'll learn something from this and I'm sorry this wasn't damaged as much as I was kind of hoping it was because I was hoping I'd really be able to get in there and start doing a lot of you know detective work and and there is a lot of detective work like you know when you are trying to repair something that's like different electronics is so there's a lot of detective work you know you have to look at everything really close you have to think about the the path of the car and you know kind of like you kind of you kind of have to just like stop and slow down think about the direction of the electricity what it's going through what it's supposed to look like or do after it goes through the component things like that and then you can usually trace you know if you do it like that you can usually trace it to the problem just depending on what's wrong recently I had done that crate amplifier repair it didn't turn on you turn the power on it didn't turn on I opened it up I turn it on and I saw the diode go pop okay excessive amperage okay that tells me is a short somewhere and you know what controls some of that stuff or what's after that or whatever okay and I tested a bunch of things turned out to be the power transistors okay and after I replace those the thing worked so but that's you know it's like you're gone through the net the natural order of what could possibly go wrong you know power supply is a big one should always test the power supply even if you're getting voltage if you get AC current leaking because the AC can leak like over or on top of the DC current if you get some that's leaking through there that could wreak havoc so you have to check your diodes you have to check your rectifier okay that's a big one always check your power supply and that's pretty much that guys if I think of some other stuff to kind of show you I will but until next time talk to you later

Channel: Cooking with Dr. Chill

Views: 444,052

Keywords: how to be a man, manly, how to, how to repair electronics, electronics, electronics 101, class, tutorial, lesson, transistor, resistor, capacitor, transformer, diode, how to test, how to fix, how to troubleshoot, multimeter, ohms, ohms law

Id: J8xPvPnSk9Y

Length: 56min 37sec (3397 seconds)

Published: Sun Aug 06 2017