How PETROL is MADE from CRUDE OIL | How is PETROLEUM EXTRACTED?

every day around 800 million Vehicles use about 7 billion lers of fuel keeping gas stations worldwide filled with this flammable liquid is an incredibly complex and potentially dangerous task but have you ever wondered how gasoline is made we visited the oil industry in the United States Texas to discover how gasoline is produced from crude oil this is one of the most influential places globally the US oil industry is located in Texas where drilling has been taking place since 1894 but it wasn't until 1901 that the oil industry took off with one extraction company tripling us oil production overnight since then nearly 60 billion barrels of oil have been extracted from Texas and if oil companies have calculated correctly there's a reserve of about 10 billion barrels that have yet to be extracted crude oil isn't just the main fuel for vehicles it also provides 50% of the energy we need petrochemical derivatives are also essential for most everyday products such as Plastics tarmac tires cosmetics and pharmaceuticals this sticky smelly black liquid is the crude oil the main raw material for gasoline production crude oil is buried deep within the Earth millions of years ago plants animals organisms and tiny creatures died falling onto seabeds and buried under the sediment over centuries this organic material underwent chemical transformation due to heat and pressure approximately 250 million years later it has become one of the world's most crucial energy sources this is Texas's Black Gold the finest there is on this hot and humid morning the team is starting its work which involves drilling a new well every month over 2,000 new wells are dug in Texas each month collectively extracting over 900,000 th000 barrels of crude oil per day to keep the crude oil flowing producers like ocidental petroleum Corporation drill an average of one new well every day after identifying potential oil and natural gas reservoirs beneath the ground using seismic technology the drilling site is selected although this technology helps to an extent but oil exploration is still a gamble if the well is productive the crude oil goes to the refinery where it's modified to make gasoline diesel aviation fuel and other products but finding oil and extracting it from the ground is only half the challenge they also have to reach the oil in this area known as the thermal Basin crude oil is located at depth of up to 4,000 M trapped within rocks that are 542 million years old to access the oil enormous engines are used to drive a diamond tipped drill bit into the ground however the friction generates a tremendous amount of heat so water is continuously pumped Under Pressure to cool The Cutting head the water then carries the debris to the surface as mud it's noisy and extremely hazardous work the drill's pressure must be just right too little and it won't cut too much and it will break also while drilling there's a risk of gas emissions that could lead to catastrophic explosions while drilling the team must constantly add sections of drill pipe using a 5ton automatic dual wrench as the drill BS its way at a rate of 5 m per hour this demanding task must be repeated every couple of hours 24 hours a day if luck is on their side they'll strike oil initially the pressure of the trapped oil causes it to flow through small holes into the pipe and up to the surface but this natural pressure doesn't last forever so to keep the oil flowing a plunger pump is used to maintain the flow for deep Wells the circular motion of the engine's flywheel is converted into vertical motion it acts like a massive metal syringe drawing oil to the surface the fluid from each well exits through a pipe and the pipes from all the wells feed into a main line that leads to a gas removal container the fluid contains carbon dioxide hydrogen sulfide and natural gas all of which need to be extracted these pumps are used to collect Texas's Black Gold but these oil fields are far from where the oil is needed so a series of pumps push the oil into a pipeline for a journey of 1,000 km to its destination this is the largest oil refinery in the US with over 8,000 km of metal pipelines covering 10 square km this plant can refine over 5 62,000 barrels of crude oil per day the noise is so loud that the plant's 4,000 workers use over 1 million ear protectors each year this place is so massive that it not only processes Texas crude oil but also refines oil from all around the world crude oil contains a mix of hydrocarbons each with a different number of carbon atoms these hydrocarbons have different weights propane is the lightest while the heaviest is used for tarmac the team removes and treats hydrogen sulfide converting it into sulfur which a local farm buys and uses as fertilizer after heating the crude oil to over 370° it's pumped into the base of a tower where it rises as Vapor similar to Boiling Water upon cooling the molecules condense the heaviest molecules settle at the bottom lighter molecules such as gasoline and kerosene continue Rising until they also condense and can be extracted via a siphon from every 191 barrels of crude 88 L of gasoline 48 L of diesel about 26 L of kerosene nearly 7 L of propane and 32 L of other products like lubricants and Plastics are extracted this plant produces enough gasoline for a car to travel to the Moon and back 770 times the fuel is tested in an old engine that assesses its knocking resistance knocking in an engine occurs when the fuel spontaneously ignites upon compression the engine cylinder then the lab can provide the data back to the refinery to correct mix errors and ensure Perfection it's time to open some valves to let the gasoline flow through underground pipes to nearby terminals from there it goes into huge tanker trucks however filling a tanker truck is riskier than filling a car's gas tank a mistake while loading or unloading the truck could result in a serious explosion the metal body can generate Sparks due to static electricity so the first step is to ground the truck with a cable and activate protection sensors against overfilling a second pipe known as a vapor recovery pipe absorbs emitted Vapors to prevent them from dispersing into the atmosphere about 4 million lers of gasoline is transported to gas stations every day after pouring the gasoline into large tanks it's ready for consumption the next time you fill up your tank and think about the High fuel costs take a moment to acknowledge the sweat and toil of the laborers and oil producers who make it all happen if you want to know how sheep's wool is converted into clothes watch the video on your screen like the video if you have enjoyed it and share it with your friends also subscribe to this channel by activating notifications to keep learning thank you for watching

Channel: Xprocess

Views: 1,718,587

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Id: bNQKJAXBYeQ

Length: 8min 2sec (482 seconds)

Published: Sat Aug 26 2023