♪♪ Narrator:
NO ONE KNOWS WHO CAME UP WITH
THE IDEA OF SQUEEZING ORANGES TO MAKE JUICE. THE POPULARITY OF ORANGE JUICE
INCREASED DRAMATICALLY IN THE MIDDLE
OF THE 20th CENTURY AS TECHNIQUES WERE DEVELOPED
TO EXTEND ITS SHELF LIFE. TODAY, MANY PEOPLE START THEIR
DAY WITH A TALL GLASS OF OJ. IN ITS PUREST FORM,
ORANGE JUICE IS FRESH-SQUEEZED AND MADE WITH NO PRESERVATIVES
OR OTHER ADDITIVES. THE APPEAL IS INDISPUTABLE. FRESH-SQUEEZED OJ
CONTAINS VITAMIN C, AND THE FLAVOR IS AUTHENTIC. ORANGE JUICE PRODUCTION
STARTS IN GROVES. THE TREES TAKE SEVERAL MONTHS
TO BEAR FRUIT, AND ARE HARVESTED
IN EARLY NOVEMBER. ♪♪ PICKING ORANGES IS A JOB
THAT'S DONE ENTIRELY BY HAND. AN AUTOMATED PICKING SYSTEM
COULD DAMAGE BOTH THE TREES AND THE FRUIT. THE PICKER USES A BAG MADE
OF VINYL COMPOSITE THAT'S LIGHTWEIGHT
AND HEAVY-DUTY. THERE ARE MULTIPLE TYPES OF
JUICING ORANGES. THIS ONE IS CALLED THE HAMLIN. HAMLIN ORANGES
ARE SMALL AND JUICY, THE TREES THEY GROW ON
ARE PRODUCTIVE AND RESILIENT TO COLD. THE PICKER PLUCKS THE FRUIT
FROM THE TREES BEFORE THEY TURN ORANGE. THEY MAY BE GREEN
ON THE OUTSIDE, BUT THEY ARE STILL SWEET
ON THE INSIDE. THE FRUITS'
SIZE AND CONDITION ARE INDICATIONS
OF MATURITY AND FLAVOR. AS THE PICKER EMPTIES THE BAG
INTO A BIN, HE EXAMINES THE ORANGES. ANYTHING WITH TEARS OR PUNCTURES MAY ALSO HAVE
INTERNAL DEGRADATION, BUT SUPERFICIAL FLAWS WON'T
AFFECT THE QUALITY OF THE JUICE. THE ORANGES ARE TAKEN TO A
PROCESSING FACILITY, AND TRANSFERRED
TO A SLOPED CHUTE. ♪♪ THE GRADIENT OF THE CHUTE
PREVENTS DAMAGE, AS THE ORANGES TUMBLE
INTO A WASH STATION. ♪♪ A SPRAYER RAINS SOAPY WATER
ONTO THE ORANGES AS SPIRALING NYLON
BRUSHES SCRUB AND CLEAN WHILE SIMULTANEOUSLY
MOVING THEM FORWARD. ♪♪ AFTER THE WASH,
ANOTHER SPRAYER RINSES THEM OFF AS THE SPIRALING BRUSHES
CONTINUE SCRUBBING. THE ORANGES TRANSITION
TO A ROLLER CONVEYOR THAT TAKES THEM
UP AND UNDER FANS. ♪♪ AS THE ORANGES EXIT THE DRYER,
AN INSPECTOR CHECKS THEM FOR ANY MISSED DAMAGE. ♪♪ THE ORANGES TRAVEL ACROSS
MORE REVOLVING BRUSHES. THE BRISTLES ON THESE BRUSHES
ARE GENTLER THAN ON THE FIRST GROUP. THEY BUFF THE SKIN OF THE FRUIT
AND REMOVE ANY RESIDUAL DIRT. ♪♪ FINALLY, THE ORANGES
FALL OFF THE CONVEYOR LINE INTO A BIN. NOW CLEANED,
THE ORANGES CAN BE JUICED WITH NO CONTAMINANTS THAT COULD
SPOIL EITHER THE PRODUCT OR JUICING MACHINERY. AS A FINAL PRECAUTION, THE JUICING OPERATOR
PERFORMS ONE LAST INSPECTION. IF SHE'S COMPLETELY SATISFIED
WITH THEIR CLEANLINESS AND GENERAL CONDITION, SHE LOADS THE ORANGES
INTO THE EXTRACTOR. ♪♪ THERE'S NO NEED TO SLICE THEM
BEFOREHAND. SHE FEEDS THEM TO
THE JUICING MACHINE WHOLE. THE SYSTEM FEEDS THE ORANGES
ONE AT A TIME TO THE EXTRACTOR. THE EXTRACTOR
PUNCTURES THE FRUIT, AND METAL TEETH PEEL
AWAY THE SKIN. IT SQUEEZES OUT THE JUICE WHILE SIMULTANEOUSLY
FILTERING OUT THE SEEDS, AND THE MEMBRANE BETWEEN
THE FLESH OF THE ORANGE AND THE SKIN. THE JUICE FLOWS INTO A VAT. A SCREEN IN THE VAT FILTERS THE PULP TO
THE DESIRED CONSISTENCY -- THERE ARE SEVERAL
DIFFERENT FILTERS FOR DIFFERENT AMOUNTS
OF PULP. THE JUICE IS BOTTLED IN JUGS. THE PLASTIC JUGS WILL
ACCOMMODATE ANY EXPANSION OF THE UNPASTEURIZED JUICE
DUE TO FERMENTATION. INSTEAD OF PASTEURIZING THIS
FRESH-SQUEEZED JUICE, IT IS CHILLED IMMEDIATELY. THE UNPASTEURIZED ORANGE JUICE WON'T HAVE
AN EXTENDED SHELF LIFE, BUT THE TRADE-OFF IS
AN UNALTERED FLAVOR AND COLOR. ♪♪ REFRIGERATION WILL PRESERVE
THE JUICE FOR A FEW DAYS, AND AFTER ALL,
FRESH-SQUEEZED ORANGE JUICE IS A DRINK
THAT'S BEST SERVED COLD.
