Islam is an important religious ideological and political force in the world yet here in the West we are taught very little about what Islam is more people know the story of Buddha better than that of Muhammad that over a fifth of all the people believed in Islam that's 1.5 billion people for them Islam defines that daily life it is important for us to know more about Islam so we can understand the culture and thinking behind 1.5 billion people so today in this series of videos I'm going to take you from the birth of Muhammad until his death and show the origin of Islam I will convey the story of Muhammad including his more miraculous experiences this series of videos is meant to educate about Islam these videos are not to convert anyone not to jump back from controversy and not to push an agenda only to educate about the historical figure of Muhammad and the revelations that he supposedly had the Arabian Peninsula when Muhammad left was an arid and for kenick region communities were dotted with cities and towns located near oases people lived in tribal groups it was their identity just as today you feel Russian South African Brazilian back in those days in that region it was your tribe who determined with whom you belong and who protected you the area was dotted with many nomadic tribes and settlements when many gods and goddesses were worshipped as protectors of individual tribes the spirits often associated with sacred trees stones and Springs the Arabian Peninsula was caught between two large empires the Byzantine Empire and assasinate Empire now I know what you're wondering am I going to draw Mohammed yes while very few paintings have survived of Muhammad himself there are very detailed descriptions on how they looked let me recite Muhammad is neither too short nor to talk his hair neither Curley nor straight but a mixture of the two here's a man of black hair and large skull his complexion has a tinge of redness Muhammad was born in Mecca in the year 570 unlike the birth of Jesus however there are no miraculous events associated with his birth Muhammad's birth was an ordinary one he was part of a prominent family in Mecca but his childhood is laced with tragedy his father had died six months before he was born and when he turned six his mother died as well Mohammed was then placed in the care of his grandfather who died two years later until eventually coming under the care of his uncle Abu Talib this wasn't a loving care rather Abu Talib saw to it Muhammad did not die of starvation but because he was a minor member of the family it was culturally unacceptable to do more than that in those times but this wasn't to say the boy was completely rejected either Abu Talib took the young Mohammed on a caravan trade mission to Syria and he eventually became a merchant trading between the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea by age 20 Muhammad had built a reputation of honesty and trustworthiness he was so trusted in fact that he was asked to mediate when the central shrine of Mecca the Kaaba was damaged there one of the frequent flash floods it was Muhammad who was asked to mediate a dispute between clan leaders there was an agreement over who would put back in place in the Kaaba the last stone the black stone a sacred stone this was an honor and clan leaders couldn't decide who should receive this honor of putting the black stone back so Muhammad came with a solution put the black stone on a cloth and all the men were together placed a stone using the cloth the cloak and the story became important Muslim symbols for later poets and writers Khadijah a 40 year old widowed merchant in Mecca heard about Muhammad after Muhammad came home from an exceptionally successful trade mission Khadijah proposed to Muhammad and he accepted death was a happy marriage she was not only his wife but also his friend his confidante and his moral support they had six children together four daughters of which survived until adulthood as Muhammad entered his forties he started to have a personal crisis he was discontent with his life in the world in which he lived wondering the purpose of it all and Muhammad began making regular spiritual retreats to a cave on Mount Hira according to Muslim tradition he was meditating as usual and fell asleep then suddenly he woke in terror his body shaking uncontrollably as he later completely shattered he heard a voice saying one word read the illiterate Muhammad replied I can't I'm not one of those who can read the voice replied read and once again Muhammad reply I'm not one of those who can read then the voice returned a third time read and this time Mohammed asked what shall I read and a voice replied proclaim in the name of thy Lord and Cherisher created created man out of me a clot of congealed blood proclaim and died Lord is most bountiful he who taught the use of the pen taught man that which he knew not this sentence would become the first verse of the Quran Muslim tradition states that Mohammed ran home terrified to his wife she consoled her husband and reassured him that he did indeed hear the voice of the Abrahamic God and convinced him that he was his prophet and so according to the Muslim faith this is how Muhammad the merchant became Muhammad the Prophet Muhammad had received a revelation from the Archangel Gabriel and was convinced by his wife that he was the prophet of God according to Islamic tradition for the next three years Muhammad spent his life in deep meditation and praying for three years he did not hear the voice of his car according to some sources Muhammad was in such despair that his God might have forsaken him that he considered flinging himself off a mountain when after three years he heard that voice once more this second revelation made Muhammad understand that he was truly the prophet of his God and that he had been commanded by God Himself to spread his message these revelations eventually turned into the Quran Islamic tradition states that a Quran is the literal word of God passed down to Muhammad it is for example offensive to say to a Muslim that Muhammad is the author of the Quran Muslims see God as the author and Muhammad more of a publisher the person to whom the message was first revealed and the first human to write it down the first conference were Muhammad's family and a friend who bought slaves to set them free gaining Muhammad is small yet loyal group of followers in the year 613 God supposedly told Muhammad to openly spread the word initiating a phase of public preaching Muhammad often pointed out that he wasn't preaching anything radically different from Judaism or Christianity they worship the same God as the Jewish and Christian gods Islam is seen as a continuation of these Abrahamic religions the final piece of God's message the literal word of God uncorrupted by the word of mouth Muhammad made clear that the religion of Islam is simply building atop the Jewish and Christian religions that his new religion is actually the old monotheistic religions except more accurate that this is the same God people have always had preachings off according to Islamic tradition in the year 620 AD Muhammad was visited by the Archangel Gabriel once more this time in the middle of the night in his own home Gabriel brought with him the winged horse Barack the heavenly steed of the prophets Buddha carried Mohammad to the farthest mosque it is disputed whether this mosque was in Jerusalem or in heaven but in any case Muhammad prayed there and was tested by God he was presented a vessel of wine a vessel of water and a vessel of milk Muhammad chose milk to which the Archangel Gabriel approved and said you have chosen the natural instinct Gabriel then supposedly took Muhammad to each of the seven levels of heaven meeting Adam the first human created by their God John the Baptist Moses Abraham and even Jesus until eventually Muhammad reached the highest of the seven heavens where he met God himself God told Muhammad that he and his followers must pray 50 times a day with message in hand Muhammad began descending back down to earth Moses came by to Muhammad saying that 50 is too much and he should really ask for less Muhammad traveled three times between God and Moses until eventually deciding on five prayers per day that God would reward tenfold Moses thought five was still too much but Muhammad felt ashamed to ask for even fewer and here we see why he Muslims pray five times a day according to their worldview God himself has commanded everyone to pray five times a day how could you disobey such a small request from God the one who gave you everything the creator of everything there was or will be this is the worldview of Muslims this story is imported in Islam you see the way Muslims see Jesus for example is not as the Son of God but as one of God's many prophets starting with the first human created by God Adam and continuing on to Moses who parted the Red Sea Jesus and now the last of the prophets Muhammad what this story symbolizes to Muslims is that Jews Christians and other followers of the Abrahamic religion are all following a corrupted version of God's Word to the followers of Islam these religions are outdated as the last of God's prophets has arrived delivering the last message of God to the people of earth a message not corrupted by humans but written down literally word-for-word by Mohammed those people if they truly believed in God she'll naturally become Muslims yet on the other hand those same people follow God more than any Begum in Islamic societies Muslims were often given the most rights Christian and Jewish communities were given most yet not all rights and had to pay a small tax and pagans got the worst deal with fewer rights and more taxes back on earth Muhammad called the local Chiefs of Mecca to a mountain where he declared the oneness of God which boils down to Allah being the only God and the creator of the universe later he also organised dinners where he would convince people of his message Muhammad preached of serving God and his final judgment he preached about heaven and hell he preached of helping those in need and living a pious life free from wealth and is attracted the younger brothers and sons of great merchants who had nothing to inherit those who had fallen out of favour in the tribe and the unprotected foreigners creating their own clan not based on blood relations but on a common belief in the God of Islam being the one and only God parts of there still hold through today to be a Muslim one must proclaimed there is but one God Allah and Muhammad is His Prophet but these ideas didn't sit well with the leaders of Mecca at the time they were merchants who became rich from people travelling to Mecca on the pilgrimages if all the other gods were false why would anyone still travel to Mecca to appease the gods at the Meccan shrines who would they have to trade with and get rich and giving up your own wealth not going to happen although in hindsight the Meccan pilgrimages did just fine under Islam Muhammad gave more and more followers every day he was becoming a problem the clan leaders tried getting to some arrangement to just make Muhammed stop preaching even bribe him with lofty positions but Muhammad refused then the people of Mecca harassed Muhammad's followers torturing some of them and even an assassination was attempted on Muhammad's life living in Mecca had become unbearable it was time to leave a delegation arrived from the nearby city of Medina 12 clans had come to Muhammad to ask him to help in their dispute this was Muhammad's specialty as you remember from last episodes Muhammad was always seen as a reputable man who excelled at finding common grounds for people as a neutral outsider the 12 clans of Medina invited Muhammad to service that chief arbitrator for their entire community for Muhammad to leave Mecca and to come live with them instead in Medina Molina had been suffering from infighting for a hundred years the city held the concept of a blood feud and I for nine so someone would feel it justified to kill a man of another clan then they would fight over whether it was actually justified resulting in more killing this would result in two more fighting over whether those killings were actually justified you see where I'm going with this even the clans of Medina so that this type of justice could no longer work so Muhammad created the constitution of Medina establishing a sort of alliance between twelve medinan tribes and the new Muslim immigrants from Mecca it specified the rights and duties of all citizens and how different communities were supposed to treat each other establishing new laws in Medina was a huge PR boost and Muhammad's preachings had become especially effective many pagans converted to Islam and even prominent medinan leaders converted in 624 Medina received another revelation from his guard telling him to face Mecca when praying rather than Jerusalem here we see why Muslims always face Mecca according to the Muslim world view their God their creator their highest in our stem not only to pray five times a day but to pray five times a day towards Mecca this is not such a big request is it they are already praying they have to do it in some direction anyway so does it really matter so much if it's towards Mecca or somewhere else as long as the one who gave them life who created the universe for them was happy this is why Muslims are so adamant about facing Mecca during their prayers but back in Mecca they had not forgotten about Mohammed the meccans began seizing d of Muslims who emigrated to Medina Muhammad delivered Quranic verses permitting Muslims to pick a bombs in self-defense and small conflicts that are breaking out between the Muslims and Meccans in this fight Muhammad employed three broad military strategies the first was to ally himself with all the tribes surrounding Medina who could possibly hurt the Muslim people secondly he dispatched small groups to obtain intelligence and gain allies in and around Mecca and third raiding mekin trade routes the most important source of income for Makkah the Muslims managed some early victories and disrupted several MEK and caverns this could no longer do Mecca sent an army of 1,000 men to defend their necks trade convoy Muhammad marched out of Medina with an army of just over 300 a mekin Scouts autumn Muslims arrived in bother and positioned themselves on a slope around a well when the Scout returned this information the becken army broke camp at midnight and marched into the valley of puddle it had been raining but the army was tired dragging themselves their horses and the camels uphill Scouts reported that Muhammad's army was small but well positioned which would lead to high casualties on the Macan side further demoralizing the mekin forces and fracturing their leadership but they went ahead anyway both sides amassed air forces opposite of one another the battle began with three champions on either side who would fight in a three-on-three melee all three mac and champions were killed and only one Muslim was wounded now both armies began showering each other with arrows until the arrows ran dry then the Muslims charged from their position atop the hill they came thundering down into the demoralized Meccan army the meccans unenthusiastic about fighting in the first place tired and seeing their champions all died me to battle the battle lasted only a few hours and Muslims and Quranic sources would later speak of thousands of angels descending down from the heaven to terrify the Meccan army in the end 14 Muslims were killed while 70 meccans lost their lives and another 70 were captured this battle would change the course of history they might not have known it at the time but it's this battle that changed Islam from a group of refugees into a force to be reckoned with able to defeat the most powerful man of the most powerful city in the region and Muhammad transformed from a mech an outcast to a major religious and political leader on a mekin side however most of the leaders were killed making a man named Abu Sufyan to become the leader of Mecca by default the Meccans needed to regain their prestige which they just lost Abu sent out 3,000 men to attack Muhammad directly Muhammad considered staying behind his walls for protection but younger Muslims convinced him to fight outside the gates or else Abu Sufian would burn the crops Muhammad personally led an army of 700 men but a lack of discipline led to a defeat 75 died and Muhammad was wounded although not critically the Muslims retreated back to Medina Muhammad claimed to have received another message from God this defeat was punishment for disobedience towards God and a test of death steadfastness I wish soufiane however received the false report that Muhammad was dead and so concluded that prestige was restored and decided there was no further need for bloodshed returning home however he heard that Muhammad was still very much alive he rallied as many tribes as he could trying to gather an army that will crush the Muslims once and for all Muhammad tried to stop it by assassinating chieftains and surprise attacks on individual tribes this made Abu Sufian scores all the more compelling they United to crush the threat Muhammad Post not long after a scout came to Muhammad an army was marching on Medina ten thousand men ten thousand soldiers came to kill Muhammad at all Muslims this would decide the faith whether Islam would die or survive this will be the largest battles arabia had seen to date abu sufyan get at 4000 foot soldiers 300 horsemen and almost 1500 camel riders a Jewish tribe who were expelled from Medina by Muhammad two years prior they began rousing the nomads around Mecca and Medina and paying others to fight alongside them in total disk infected army get a ten thousand soldiers and six hundred horsemen with this giant army Sufjan marched on Medina Muhammad gathered the Medina's to discuss battle plans she defied out in the open like before but should they hide behind the protection of their walls ultimately a third option was chosen young numbered Muslims would dig a deep trench or Medina's northern side the other side was protected by natural barriers such as rocky mountains and trees no army could pass from those sides anyway for six days every abled man helped to dig this trench including Muhammad himself this battle coincided with a near famine in Medina and all the food had to be harvested early and brought into the city leaving the Confederate armies without lands to live off lastly all men over the age of fourteen would help defend the city except for a medinan tribe called the Banu Qurayza who tried to stay neutral in his whole business and so Muhammad Sami totaled only three thousand men against Abu Sufyan ten thousands they arrived at Medina cutting the city off from any supplies for two to three weeks they set behind a trench throwing insults quranic phrases and arrows at each other without much effect sieges were uncommon in the Arabian Peninsula at the time and Abu Sufyan was unprepared the food in the countryside had already been harvested we started to low run on supplies the Confederates tried to attack with horsemen in the hope of forcing a passage through the MIDI notes but the Medina pne's were too well entrenched the Meccan veterans grew impatient with this deadlock about a thousand soldiers attempted to thrust through the trench and managed to cross it occupying a marshy area on the other side but not willing to attack the Muslim forces directly after all it would be 1,000 against 3,000 so they decided on a duel each side chose one man to fight on their Army's behalf the Muslims chose a man named Ali and a Confederates chose a Merlin Deb blades met two expert fighters matching blow-for-blow a dust cloud started to gather making it impossible to see what was going on finally the soldiers had screams hinting at a decisive victory but unclear who was the victor then a man's voice rose out of the dust god is the greatest Ali had warned the Confederates holding a small patch of marsh was shocked and in a state of panic they were threw back to their side of the trench Abu Sufyan was unwilling to attempt a full-on assault on the trench as he believed the Muslim fighters to be superior in hand-to-hand combat so he tried a different approach get the Banu Qurayza the only tribe in Medina who hadn't committed their forces to either side to come fight for the Confederates at first the Banu Qurayza refused to even meet the envoi but eventually the envoy got inside and showed the panic erisa just how many soldiers they had until the horizon the land was filled with men ready for war the leader of the Banu Qurayza eventually decided to join the Confederates against Muhammad thinking Muhammad would lose news of this quickly got back to Muhammad he sent out three men to scout their camps and they came back with the news that the Banu Qurayza were preparing for war things were starting to look grim for Muhammad and his Muslims he hadn't prepared for the Banu Qurayza attacking him and he had not stationed any men between him and that's right more bad news came to Muhammad food was running out and he attacks from his enemies became so frequent that they could no longer adhere to praying five times every day only at nights when it was cold and wet when the attacks stopped due to darkness could they resume their regular worship fear ran rampant inside the camp he sent 100 men and 300 horsemen to protect the city cavalry was not needed in the trench anyway at night the men prayed loudly to make it seem that there were more soldiers than actually were but they had reached the limits of their endurance mohamad then try negotiated with one of the Confederate leaders offering a third of Medina's harvest if he would just take his forces and leave the leaders of Medina immediately shut this idea down this proud and ancient city would not need to resort to such low terms but the Confederate leader was willing to talk to Muhammad's creating a seed of discord between the 10,000 strong army who had gathered from various tribes then a man named eben Massoud came to pay Muhammad a visit he was well respected among the Confederate leaders and had secretly converted to Islam he had a plan he went to the Banu Qurayza who had just agreed to fight with the Confederates and he told them if the siege fails the Confederates will abandon you leaving you at the mercy of Muhammad's so to make sure that didn't happen they should demand a highborn hostage from the Confederacy even Massoud then went to Abu Sufyan telling them that the Banu Qurayza were planning to defect and were planning on taking hostages to hand over to Muhammad he went to several other leaders telling them how Abu Sufyan would abandon them and they should ask for hostages just in case Abu Sufyan now suspicious of anyone betraying him refused to give out any hostages but this made the rest even more suspicious wouldn't he just hand over a few of his family members if he was planning on protecting us anyway the Confederate soldiers were cold wet and running out of food they had to attack now or risk starvation and mutiny Abu Sufyan ordered the assaults but the other leaders simply repeated their request for hostages Abu Sufyan ordered the assault again but the soldiers just stood still during that night one by one the armies of the Confederacy withdrew and by the morning the siege had ended Muhammad had lifted the siege losing only a few men while the Confederacy had heavy casualties the de starvation cold and unsuccessful attacks Muhammad had lifted the siege but Banu Qurayza had betrayed him this three thousand strong Muslim army surrounded the banneker eyes and neighbourhoods putting them to siege after 25 days they unconditionally surrendered an arbitrator was found to judgement over this Jewish tribe and in accordance with the Torah Deuteronomy 2010 through 2014 every man was slaughtered and all the women and children enslaved today Islamists thought of as a highly conservative ideology however in the time of its founding in the 7th century Islam was seen as highly progressive by many people before Islam slaves were property without rights the owners could deal with slaves as they wished but under Islam the life of a slave enormous Lee improved slaves were seen as human beings with a certain religious and social status which allowed them some legal rights this was far more progressive than some forms of slavery well into the 19th century ironically he improved the lives of women as well women were given the right to inherit under Islamic law to divorce and to life itself you see before Islam baby girls were allowed to be murdered if the father wanted a son instead of a daughter but all of this was not to say women were equal however sure the Quran says that men and women are equal but women were and still are very much controlled by the male protector and men maintain guardianship over women and can beat the women under his protection if the man feels it justified interestingly however the practice of women veiling themselves came centuries after Muhammad's death the veil was Impractical for working so a woman who would be veiled all the time showed that she didn't need to work as her husband provided for all her needs Islam changed marriage as well before Islam a man could marry as many women as he could under Islam however a man was limited to only 3 wives which brings us to the matter of Muhammad's wives of which he had 13 to 15 depending on which sources you believe Muhammad's first wife was the love of his life but she was around 20 years old the demo Hammad's so he became a widower at 49 for as long as he was with her she was Muhammad's only wife but upon her death Muhammad took on over a dozen new wives some he took for political reasons cementing alliances through marriage others he took on for humanitarian reasons such as the wives of Muslims killed in battle and had been left without a protector and okay okay I guess it's time to finally talk about the elephant in the room and that's Mohammed youngest wife Aisha according to traditional sources aisha was only six years old when she married Mohammed but they did not consummate the marriage until she reached puberty at the age of nine it is important to note that at the time it wasn't that uncommon to marry at such a young age and to consummate such a marriage at the beginning of puberty but puberty generally started at a later age and even at the time this marriage was highly controversial when people call Mohammed a pedophile this is what people usually refer to lastly I want to talk about the historicity of Mohammed did he actually exists or not now this might seem like a weird topic for the fifth episode in this series but this series is not fundamentally about that this series is about teaching what Islamic history looked like according to Islam when looking at it from this perspective the historicity of Mohammed is not that important Muslims pray five times per day because they believe God commanded them to pray five times a day whether it is true or not the practitioners of Islam still pray five times per day because they believe it when looking at it from this lens what is more important is the story around which this religion revolves and how that story affects the world when examining whether Mohammed is an actual historical person or not let's look at various historical sources there is of course the Quran itself but just as the Lord of the Rings doesn't prove the existence of Middle earth so too does the Quran not prove the existence of Muhammad so instead let's look at non Islamic sources from that time period and honestly there are not that many while there are certainly mentions of Muslim conquests throughout Arabia there is no actual mention of Muhammad himself during his lifetime all sources are either Islamic sources or written decades or even centuries after his death so did he exist well we simply don't know it is quite likely a man named Mohammed existed around that time although not certain and it appears likely that some of his deeds are exaggerated and he may have been less important than Islamic sources point him out to be some speculating that he was raised to prophethood after his death but in conclusion there simply hasn't been enough research done into the topic at least that I can find anyway no peer-reviewed scientific study has thus far been conducted concerning the topic so if you study history or theology write a research article about a topic you might very well be the first to muslims the pilgrimage to Mecca the Hajj is the most important moment in their life but Muhammad and his followers were never able to because of the Meccan rivalry with the Muslims at the time but Muhammad had had a vision he would go with 1,400 of his followers to Mecca they took a different path in order to avoid anyone trying to stop them from reaching Mecca when he got to Mecca however they showed a very important point the all important pilgrimages the reason why Muhammad and his followers were no longer allowed to come to Mecca were safe even under Muslim rule even if all of Arabia would convert to Islam they would still have to come to Mecca once in their life the rich lives of the Meccan leaders was not under threat from Islam emissaries were sent to and from Mecca the Meccans by now while not beaten were definitely demoralized they signed a treaty where they agreed to end hostilities the deferral of Muhammad's pilgrimage to the following year and agreed to send back any Meccan who emigrated to Medina without permission from their protector many Muslims were unhappy with this treaty but over time they saw the great value at had mechons would see how much wealth the Muslims were bringing them with their religious belief of having to perform the Hajj once in their lifetime on the other hand it allowed Medina to grow in strength during this time Muhammad sent letters to many of the rulers in Arabia including one to the Byzantine Empire and a king of Persia but alas peace did not last two tribes has started a fight one tribe allied to the Muslims and the other to the Meccans Muhammad send a message to Mecca with three options either they pay blood money for a slain allies of Muhammad break their alliance with the tribe or declared a peace treaty no the Meccans chose number three Muhammad gathered an army of 10,000 men the largest Muslim army ever assembled until then Abu Sufyan came to meet with Muhammad personally to try to get to some arrangement but to no avail Mecca lies in a valley surrounded by black rugged Hills with four passages leading into the city Muhammad divided his forces in four one for each of the passes the tactic was to attack Mecca from all side at once so the defenders couldn't focus all their strength on one side and if they encountered stiff resistance on one side they would still have three more they could launch a successful attack on and that's exactly what happened one column face some resistance the other three were peaceful and bloodless Abu Sufyan surrendered the city to Muhammad and converted to Islam conceding that the Meccan guards had proven powerless Muhammad visited the Kaaba and pulled the Jesus when he and his companions broke all the idols and dead guards he gathered the people of Mecca at the Kaaba and proclaimed there is no god but Allah and from then on leaders would come to him rather than the other way around with many curious about this new religion but with new power came new enemies tribes had gathered to subdue Muhammad and were probably defeated at the battle of hunayn then northern Arabia adopted anti Islamic policies Muhammad gathered an army of 30,000 men to march on them but half returned home on the second day Muhammad did not engage with hostile forces but did receive the submission of some local chiefs in that region the year is now 632 CE II Muhammad is 62 years old he finally completed his first through Islamic pilgrimage setting a precedent for the great pilgrimage that Muslims undertake every year Muhammad knew his time would come soon that his life was about to come to an end he held a farewell sermon at Mount Arafat east of Mecca in the sermon he advised his followers not to follow certain pre-islamic traditions such as old blood feuds disputes and tribal grounds and that no white should hold superiority over black no black holds superiority over a white except in piety and good action he instructed his male followers to be good to women and told them that they were entitled to discipline their wives but she do so with kindness somehow he upheld the sacredness of four lunar months each year and proclaimed today I have perfected your religion and completed my favours for you and chosen Islam as a religion for you this is how Muslims saw Muhammad the last of God's prophets who had perfected the old religions of Judaism and Christianity Muhammad passed away a few months later falling ill with fever before he died resting his head on one of his wife's laps Muhammad was buried where he died in his house today on that spot stands the green mosque of Medina in life Muhammad had unified much of Arabia he had created a new religion that today has 1.5 billion followers and it led to the downfall of Byzantium over 800 years later the last of the Roman empires after Muhammad the Islamic caliphate expanded from Arabia all the way to a Pakistan and Spain lie today but with Muhammad's death disagreement broke out over who his successor should be this was a dispute between two men Abu Bakr Muhammad's friend and collaborator or ali IBN ABI talib Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law this dispute over Muhammad's successors split the Islamic faith into creating the Sunni and Shia split we see today among Muslims and so we come to the end of this series and I hope that now that we're at the end you understand how Islam came to be I tried throughout this series to tell the story of Muhammad so that we who are not Muslims can learn about a beliefs held by over a fifth of the world population if you like this video give it a thumbs up my next video will be about the history of prosthetics and will be a continuation of my most popular video - history of amputations if you want to see those and other episodes as soon as they come out press the subscribe button I upload a new video every two weeks
