How Did The Mongol Empire Conquest Europe

[Music] the mongol empire founded by genghis khan in 1206 was said to be the largest contiguous land empire to ever exist in world history at its peak it stretched from korea to ukraine and from siberia to southern china covering 23 million square kilometers of territory the story of mongol invasions and conquests took place during the 13th and 14th centuries resulting in the vast mongol empire that covered large parts of eurasia in the 13th century the mongol empire spread and developed by launching a series of victorious campaigns throughout asia reaching eastern europe and quickly gained a reputation as the devil's horseman mongol expansion to europe under ogde khan ogiday genghis khan's third son took over from his father and ruled the mongol empire from 1229 to 1241. the new khan's headquarters were located on the orkin river in central mongolia where the capital city of karakoram today known as harhorin was built in 1235 with the new capital established ogiday following his father carried out several simultaneous campaigns to expand his empire even further in the east ogiday launched an attack on the jin dynasty of north china and after the collapse of the jinn state in 1234 ogiday sent mongol armies to the west starting his invasions of europe the invasion of the russia in 1235 batu khan known as a nephew of ogiday khan was ordered to conquer russia which was then called roose and encompassed modern-day russia ukraine poland belarus and the baltic states territories and cities were ruled over by princely dynasties which indicated quite a loose connection between these regions in 1236 under batu khan the mongol forces defeated the bashkir and vulgar tribes along the way when marching through kazakhstan slash uzbekistan to the ruse's lands which opened the way to russia proper the invasion really began when the main force crossing the vulgar river arrived at reason in russia in december 1237. central and northern russia at that time consisted of city-states and independent priesthoods which fell one by one to the fierce attacks of the mongol armies reason refused to surrender but soon later was besieged between the 16th and the 21st of december the mongols then stormed through other russian cities including vladimir susdal today known as suzdal town in vladimir province in the north and parea slav and chernahiv today in ukraine in the south other major cities such as moscow and torzock were captured one by one in 1238 afterward the mongols turned their attention to the step a large area of flat unforested grassland in southeastern europe or siberia crushing various tribes and sacking crimea to the west they returned to russia in 1239 defeating the palacian people and took control of the southern ruses capital of kiev in december of 1240 leaving behind their trademark destruction of both the population and city structures this final attack sealed the ruse principalities fate forcing princes to flee their regions or capitulate to mongol taxation and rule the invasion of eastern and central europe after sacking kiev the mongol empire continued to invade eastern and central europe one wing moving northwest and attacking poland marching through bohemia and moravia and then attacking hungary while another headed south and attacked transylvania moldavia and wallachia earlier the denubian principalities of romani invasion of poland the mongol army assigned to poland was under the command of baidar son of chagatai khan kadan son of ogdaikon and ortokon a mongol khan and military strategist the mongol came to the land of poland with an arrow shot in the throat of a trumpeter who had first sounded the alarm of the invader's arrival and the city of krakow was easily captured breslau vrossov was the next target but the mongol hadn't done much as the inhabitants were so scared of what to come that they themselves torched the city and took refuge in its castle citadel meanwhile the mongol received the news that a joint force of german polish and teutonic knights gathering around legnitza under the command of henry the pious the duke of silesia aimed at fighting against the enemy the mongols once again employed a tried and tested tactic which made henry and his men suffer a crushing defeat near legnitza on april 9 1241 henry was killed and the battle of legnitza became a high point in the invasion campaign it was also the most westerly point reached the mongols preferred not to penetrate further into central germany but turned south in order to join forces with their armies operating in hungary invasion of check after the victory at legnitza the mongols continued ravaging their way through poland's neighboring kingdoms particularly silesian morovian region which is now one of the 14 administrative regions of the czech republic and consists of six districts the mongolian forces by that time had divided into two one led by batu and general subutai who were planning to invade hungary and another led by baidar and kadan who were pillaging through silesia a region of central europe mostly in poland and moravia a region in the east of the czech republic while the mongols were fighting to capture the moravian silesian region the king wenceslaus the first of bohemia fled back gathering reinforcements to protect his kingdom he had his troops stationed in the mountainous region of bohemia where the mongols would not be able to utilize their cavalry effectively during the mongol invasion bohemia under wenceslaus's command remained one of a few european kingdoms that was never conquered by the mongols after several attempts to capture bohemia failed baidar and kadan continued raiding moravia before finally going southward to reunite with batu and subutai in hungary invasion of hungary hungary with its grasslands became a primary target from which the mongols could then attack western europe the mongol attack of hungary was conducted with five distinct armies two under orda and baidar attacked through poland and then invaded hungary from the northwest while a southern army attacked transylvania central romania the main army under batu khan and subutai crossed through the varric pass while the final army under batu's brother shiban marched in an arc north of the main force on the 15th of march the mongol vanguard reached the city of paston hungary and began to pillage the neighboring area around this time several hungarian forces were defeated by the mongols on april 10th 1241 the hungarian armies under the command of king bella iv arrived and encamped at the sagio river after the heavier than expected losses inflicted by the hungarian crossbowmen the mongols modified their plan and crashed king bella's army at the battle of mohai forcing king bella iv to flee into croatia on christmas day despite virtually destroying the entire city the mongols failed to seize estrogen the capital and economic center of the kingdom of hungary a new capital was then moved to budapest despite gaining control of hungary the mongols could not occupy several fortified cities such as ferrharvar vesperam penanghoma and of the mongol advance besides poland and hungary croatia austria and bulgaria were also affected by the mongol invasion however the advance of the mongols in europe and the near east now can be known as the middle east was halted by the death of the great khan ogidai on december 11 1241. the necessity of electing a new successor forced batu and his generals to halt their westward expansion and hasten back thousands of miles to karakoram the capital city in mongolia there might be other reasons for ending the campaign in 1242 one of which may be that batu never intended to advance further the hungarian pasture land turned out to be not so ideal for the settlement of the mongol army also after ogidai's death there were rivalries among mongol leaders and no commander could continue his campaign so far from home and the territories that the mongols desired most were not in the west but still the ones in the east the song dynasty china which was attacked and conquered during the reign of the next great mongol ruler kublai khan thanks for watching if you find this information useful please give us a thumbs up and share it with your friends don't forget to subscribe to our channel for more videos of history

Channel: History on Maps

Views: 47,092

Keywords: Mongol Empire, the Mongols, European, European kingdoms, Genghis Khan, Jin dynasty, Battle of Mohi, Battle of Legnica, Mongol Invasion of Poland, Mongol attack of Hungary, Mongol Expansion, Mongol Invasion of Rus, Mongol army, Ogedei Khan, tried-and-tested tactic, the Middle East, the Near East, Great Khan, China dynasties, Fall of Rus, Past to future, mongol warr

Id: 6BDwC6ta9ks

Length: 9min 58sec (598 seconds)

Published: Mon Jun 28 2021