How Did NASA Land Neil Armstrong On The Moon? (Apollo 11 Documentary) | Spark

during backup in 1969 Neil Armstrong stepped onto the lunar surface and into the history books as the first of only twelve men to walk on the moon but in 1961 when Kennedy pledged to put a man on the moon NASA had barely put a man into orbit it was a pretty wide shock suddenly we were leap frogging from one man in Earth orbit to three men going quarter of a million miles to the moon and back NASA had less than 10 years to train their team of astronauts to overcome the unknown challenges of a mission to the moon could a human being survive in this incredibly harsh environment nobody knew what the physical and psychological effects of spaceflight would be not only did the astronauts have to learn how to travel across the void of space they needed to learn how to land on the moon and come back again but for NASA planting flags and footprints was not enough it's really important for all astronauts that we're gonna walk on the lunar surface to do full mission simulations learning how to collect a lunar samples how to run the experiments take a good photograph so practice practice and more practice was key we're talking about an achievement which is right on the limit of what could be achieved even today they had determination they weren't going to give up when challenges emerged and ultimately they became the only human beings to explore another world this film tells the incredible story of how NASA trained America's best pilots to fly to the moon and take one giant leap for mankind [Music] 19:58 the Cold War gathers momentum and the US Army continues to pioneer missile technology but NASA's focus is on a different goal just one year after Sputnik goes into orbit America's newly created Space Agency publicly announces their first space program Project Mercury the goal to put a man into Earth orbit before the Soviets mercury was vital in order to demonstrate that Americans could go into space in the technology designed by American aerospace companies we need to remember that more than 50 years ago the global landscape was dominated by this geopolitical battle between two competing ideologies we had the Soviet Union and communism we had the United States and capitalism and Mercury was the American program to push the Americans ahead to reach this milestone the search for astronauts begins NASA needs pilots capable of meeting the unknown challenges of manned space flight so they turn to America's best the military done a lot of testing on high-altitude high-risk stratospheric research if you could gain the high ground its stratosphere you could gain an objective over your enemy the test pilot would push an aircraft to the limit of its design capabilities called the envelope nobody knew what the physical and psychological effects of spaceflight would be there is no precedent for it so they went for the max military personnel have supreme physical fitness rekt though it seemed to be both the aircraft and the pilots survived to continue with the program so for the first selection of astronauts what became the mercury 7 group they were exclusively drawn from the US test pilot community some from the Navy some from the Air Force from the Marines but it was test pilots really being the prime focus for America's first class of astronaut candidates the service records are 473 test pilots were selected for review 110 met the basic qualifications [Music] each must be a graduate of a navy or Air Force test pilot school 1500 hours of flight time qualified in jet aircraft an engineering background younger than 40 at the time of selection and 5 feet 11 or less NASA Wiggles down 110 candidates to a final 32 those 32 went through every imaginable medical test you can think of they were prodded and tested to the extreme nobody really knew what these guys would encounter nobody knew if you could swallow food in space they didn't know if the heart would operate normally if blood could be pumped around this is where pilots were very much a part of the physical exploration of what humans were capable of they literally were guinea pigs and so every conceivable test and every probing into every orifice some you didn't know you even had had to be imposed upon the astronaut selections before the first crews went into space they were selected for their skills their endurance their physical conditions their mental state they were the top they were the cream of the cream they were looking for people in the peak of their fitness and how they would respond physically to the marginal environments that man Space Flight would provide them with on April 10 1959 NASA announces the names of the men chosen to fly America's first manned space program Alan Shepard Gus Grissom john glenn scott carpenter Wally schirra Gordon Cooper and deke Slayton become known as the mercury seven [Music] they instantly shoot to fame as national heroes set to conquer the new frontier of space six solo manned space flights are scheduled and the mercury seven are subject to a grueling training program following their selection the men reported for their training the academic program includes astronautics the astronauts are being educated in the basic skills required to make scientific observations in addition to a penetrating study of the physiology of orbital flight finally in May 1961 NASA selects astronaut Alan Shepard to be America's first man in space the countdown begins at Cape Canaveral Florida for one of man's greatest adventures [Music] [Music] this is freedom 7 video Lauren flare fuel is go 4g 5.5 Kevin I can you go oh [Music] what a beautiful view [Music] after Shepards success astronaut John Glenn becomes the first American to orbit the earth reporters learn from the astronauts information officer if the most vital of all elements is ready the man himself young [Music] right here the clock is operating we're on their way god speed John Glenn don't bump me along about here Roger zero-g and I feel fine careful with turning around oh that view is tremendous the achievements of mercury prove that man could stay in space survive and come home the missions were textbook everything went according to plan but mercury could only stay up for a few hours really I couldn't rendezvous and dock with another spacecraft space walking was impossible it was just a man in a can so yes we can do this what can we do next the six mercury missions are a resounding success pioneering procedures in orbital science and training but America is already looking to the future inspired by Mercury's achievements President Kennedy makes a bold declaration to the world I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal before this decade is out of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth I think is difficult now to fully appreciate the impact of President Kennedy's declaration of a national goal of getting an American on the moon and returning them before the decade is out the Space Age was barely four years old the Americans were behind the Soviet Union and what they're trying to achieve and suddenly they're being told that within ten years they've got to achieve what too many people seemed impossible it was a pretty wide shock that suddenly we were leap frogging from one man in Earth orbit for no more than a day and a half to three men going quarter of a million miles on a two-week mission to the moon and back that was pretty pretty hefty shock there were an awful lot of unknowns that had to be faced that had to be planned for and an awful lot of tests flying but in the environment of space that had to be achieved what seemed to be pushing the engineering boundaries very quickly became reality in this magical period of space exploration I look at what was achieved between 1961 and 1970 and I still have this dreamlike sense of disbelief not that it happened but the pace at which people were looking at the challenges and the way in which they were facing those challenges and moving rapidly on to the next step if NASA is to meet Kennedy's ambitious target by the end of the decade they need a more advanced space program that will pave a flight path to the moon the Apollo program is born but with spaceflight in its infancy a mission to the moon presents colossal challenges apart from designing and building the new Apollo mission hardware NASA will require a new breed of astronaut to meet the unprecedented complexity of a lunar mission before taking even a single step on the moon's surface these Apollo astronauts will need to fly with pinpoint precision over 250,000 miles through deep space executes critical docking and navigation maneuvers gently touch down as an unfamiliar and hostile landing site before returning safely to the earth quite literally one giant leap for NASA after just six so low-earth orbits [Music] to bridge the technological void between Project Mercury and the Apollo program NASA announces project Gemini a more advanced two-man space program 10 Gemini flights between 1965 and 1966 will provide the first real steps towards training Apollo astronauts for a moon mission in the race to the moon many people overlook Gemini and yet without the 10 manned Gemini missions we wouldn't have got to the moon by 1970 every aspect of the methodology that was needed to get to the moon had to be rehearsed in a low Earth orbit and those challenges were considerable could a human being survive 2 weeks in this microgravity environment how do you get two spacecraft to rendezvous and dock in orbit while they're traveling thousands of miles an hour how do you rehearse the techniques that would enable a human being to survive outside their spacecraft in this incredibly harsh environment now back in the days of mercury none of this had been rehearsed so in pretty short order the Gemini spacecraft was designed 16 Gemini astronauts are chosen for advanced training Gus Grissom Wally schirra and Gordon Cooper graduate from the mercury project while 30 newly selected astronauts will join the program all military test pilots with advanced engineering degrees with the exception of Neil Armstrong a civilian test pilot already working for NASA the three categories of piloting skills engineering knowledge and academic capabilities are all very important but by the time we get to the Germany program you really began to major on engineering requirements and engineering skills because you were going to be testing the very things that would underpin the Apollo program in an engineering fashion the design and construction of the Gemini mission Hardware is underway the two-man Gemini spacecraft will be more complex than the Mercury capsule using familiar aircraft instrumentation and advanced flight controls Gemini astronauts will be able to manually fly this spacecraft in orbit when the Gemini spacecraft was designed for two asteroids it had an incredible amount of capability in terms of maneuverability but also in terms of longevity and that's where Gemini can really be regarded as the pilot spacecraft and the astronauts at the time were intimately involved in designing the systems as well as some of the future capabilities not only of Apollo but of Gemini as well one of the main objectives of the Gemini project is to perfect the art of space walking if a man is to walk on the surface of the Moon he must first leave the safety of his spacecraft Gemini astronauts are the first to train for these specialized spacewalks known as evey aides extra vehicle er activities learning to survive and work outside the capsule is NASA's top priority training for space walking is complicated when you're on earth in a gravity environment initially the astronauts would go through training on what they called air bearing floors where they're on a platform that's on a shiny surface basically a big table and air is pumped underneath the platform and you've glide across the table astronauts practice using the handheld maneuvering unit known as the zip gun a device that allows an astronaut to fire pressurized oxygen from small jets to control his speed and direction in space NASA also increases its zero-g training to simulate the weightlessness of space the best way to practice in zero-gravity is in what was known as the vomit comet which was an era 30 seconds for between 20 and 30 seconds you can effectively create the whitest condition every Gemini mission is designed to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere above the Pacific Ocean and have the capsule splashdown with in recovery distance of a u.s. Navy aircraft carrier therefore proficiency in water survival is essential water based exercises include emergency evacuation of the capsule after splashdown and rehearsing helicopter recovery from the water surface not only did the astronauts have to learn how to fly in space and operate all the equipment I needed to learn what to do if things went wrong in the event of an emergency re-entry to earth the Gemini capsule may land in a desert or remote jungle instead of the desired water landing as an added safety precaution NASA puts the astronauts through rigorous wilderness survival training [Music] remembering that these astronauts were also former test pilots and military men who had gone through survival training they should just an application of a skill they already had learning to work as a team because your life depends on it is very similar to the military your team becomes your family and if you're doing survival training in the middle of the desert you can need to rely on your colleague so it is a matter of teamwork to ensure that you survive so yes survival training is an integral part of astronaut training on March 23rd 1965 mercury veteran Gus Grissom and John Young prepare to fly the first to man into Gemini mission Germany control the count team added one minute t-minus 60 seconds and counting its primary objective to test fly the new fully maneuverable Gemini spacecraft [Music] [Music] [Music] right there looks good Molly Brown during their five-hour mission they control thrusters to adjust the shape and altitude of their orbit Gemini 3 is a success and begins the refinement of the fly techniques that will be vital to a lunar mission [Music] in June 1965 astronauts ed white and Jim McDivitt fly Gemini 4 they complete 66 Earth orbits in NASA's first multi-day mission astronaut ed white completes America's first spacewalk Oh God but little doll then turn right on I'm under my own control tethered to the spacecraft he spacewalks for over 20 minutes Gemini for zva showed that spacesuits work that human beings can operate in the vacuum the next challenge was to show whether or not an astronaut can do work and this is where the difficulties came in Gemini's nine Gemini 10 Gemini 11 Gemini 12 for missions to try to rehearse what's it going to be like to do physical tasks in space and this environment is unforgiving Gemini 9 what NASA learns is that doing a spacewalk is hard work a Eugene Cernan who ended up being the last man on the moon this was his first spaceflight and he lost nearly a stone of weight so something like five or six kilograms of sweat in his spacesuit and barely managed to get back to the Gemini capsule in one piece Gemini 10 Gemini 11 on those missions as soon as the astronauts had to perform tasks their spacesuits were overheating they're realizing it required an incredible amount of muscular effort and those challenges were really accumulating if NASA can't solve these Evo challenges they will never put a man on the moon the final Gemini spacewalk calls on the shoulders of rookie astronaut Buzz Aldrin an experienced scuba diver Aldrin spearheads a new underwater training program known as neutral buoyancy in an inflated pressure suit astronaut edwin aldrin planet for germany 12 is weighted with 60 pounds of lead he is positioned at the prepared workstation by crane scuba divers the neutral buoyancy tank is the best simulation you can get on earth of microgravity as we call it in other words that essentially a weightless environment you immerse the crew member and the things that they have to work with in a tank of water so that you can then adjust their buoyancy so that they float in one place and they can orient themselves very very freely underwater simulation creates a condition of neutral buoyancy it gives the planet and effect quite similar to that of zero-gravity it's absolutely key to working out in particular how long things take and of course how easy things are in weightlessness the jobs now performed underwater by pilot Aldrin are those which will be done on Gemini 12 a lot of the problems that have manifested themselves previously disappeared part of that is testimony to Buzz's capabilities but a lot of it was also due to what was learnt on those harrowing earlier spacewalks that had happened if those test pilots involved hadn't undergone those travails that they did then we wouldn't have reached the level of maturity that we reached by the time Gemini 12 flew in in November 1966 nASA has one last chance to perform the perfect TVA thanks to neutral buoyancy training Buzz Aldrin successfully spacewalks for more than five hours in December 1965 NASA launches astronauts Frank Borman and Jim Lovell on a 14-day mission to investigate the long-term effects of spaceflight on the human body eleven days into the mission Gemini 7 is joined in orbit by Gemini 6a 77 are you able to see in the windows of six very easily working together the four astronauts perform the very first manned spacecraft to rendezvous how does it feel for the United States to be a new record holder Roger congratulations after two weeks in space Borman and Lovell returned victoriously to earth proving man can survive long-duration spaceflight the demands of project Gemini push each two-man crew to their physical and psychological limit Germany emerged in order to take off the three essential boxes for a moon machine long duration flight of up to 14 days extra vehicular activity EBA spacewalking and finally of course there was rendezvous and docking which was essential to come back to the mothership from the surface of the Moon and so without Germany we would have had to have put all those things into the Apollo program and been years behind of the final five Gemini missions every single crew member went to the moon on Apollo and it really shows that the people they were picking had of the right stuff they had determination they weren't going to give up when challenges emerged and ultimately they became the only human beings to have explored another world [Music] President Kennedy's deadline is now less than four years away all attention must focus on the colossal challenge of the Apollo program and landing a man on the moon before the decade is out by the time the Gemini program closes the design and construction of the Apollo Hardware is well underway incorporating all the necessary capabilities to perform and support a lunar mission these immensely technical machines who need highly trained astronauts to pilot them suddenly you've got a spacecraft system that has got two independent spacecraft that are critical elements you've got a command module that's the only part to come back to earth that's your main living quarters for your astronauts and stays orbiting the moon and then you lunar module this incredibly flimsy and yet capable vehicle that gets two astronauts down to the lunar surface and back again to rendezvous with the command module orbiting so you can see the levels of complexity there and by having three crew members in a two spacecraft configuration it's clear that one person couldn't learn everything and that's why the specialization of roles was absolutely critical once astronauts were assigned to project Apollo as a result command module pilots fly specialist simulators practicing docking navigation and other Earth orbit and lunar orbital flights while the commanders and lunar module pilots affect their delicate landing procedures in lunar module simulators the most devious Machiavellian outrageously disgraceful people you can ever encounter in a training program are known as simulator supervisors since oops their job is to conjure up every sort of nasty that can ever be thrown at a crew and then some and to mercilessly put the crew through the most agonizing technical emotional and psychological stress they can possibly impose and sit back and watch how they cope with it this grade of gentleman is crucial to the whole training process you want to get hold of them and strangle them but they are vital because they stress the crews beyond the limits they know that they're capable of and it's that undiscovered area of an astronaut's potential with a sim Supes growth to find new ways of working out solutions so they're important Sims soups are okay to train astronauts how to fly and land on the lunar surface the lunar landing research vehicle is developed this training aircraft replicates how the lunar module will operate in the weaker gravity of the moon once they moved on to Apollo a whole new phase of training needed to be accomplished now of course they needed to learn ages and land on the moon what they designed was called the lunar landing research vehicle it's effectively a big engine with as light of framework around it and the controls that emulate flying low at a reasonable descent rate making sure that you've got sufficient resources to allow pretty realistic training and practice of the protean landing it was an incredibly faithful reproduction in control terms of the lunar excursion module and therefore was in very very important training results but these machines are unstable and difficult to fly even for the best pilots America has to offer three of the five built are destroyed in crashes a couple of accidents occurred using that including Dale Armstrong in 1968 where he had the fraction of a second to reject before the vehicle crashed in flames so it's a highly dangerous vehicle and certainly that trainee on the lunar landing research vehicle helped prepare the astronauts who flew the lunar module for landing and the moon however landing is not enough once down on the moon astronauts will have to exit their spacecraft and walk on the lunar surface project Apollo is about getting to the moon operating on the lunar surface the difference on the lunar surface is that you've got one-sixth of the gravity field strength as on earth so it was realized that somehow we need to be able to replicate one-sixth gravity conditions and there were all sorts of ways that we used very successfully one of the most dramatic ones was suspending from a rig where you lie horizontally and you walk along a wall suspended by a series of bungees and the bungees provide you with just about the right restoring force against the wall to allow you to practice your various forms of walking and ambulation the bunny hops and all this kind of stuff in a relatively realistic environment you could successfully recreate lunar gravity and this was done to look at the capabilities of astronauts to walk on the moon but also to use tools on the moon and ultimately to use wheeled vehicles on the moon all of it focused though on training the astronauts for the jobs that have to do in Apollo [Music] we have you go Burbage ergo permit october 1968 NASA launches Apollo 7 the first manned mission of the program to rigorously flight test the news three manned command module in Earth orbit beautiful that was outstanding hi real fine we have ignition sequence start two months later Apollo eight conducts the first manned flight test of the Saturn five rocket Apollo eight is also the first mission to fly to the moon where the crew conducts tests of the command module in lunar orbit the mission successfully trials the navigation and guidance procedures vital for a moon landing March 1969 Apollo nine performs the first tests of the lunar module the crew successfully docked the command and lunar modules in Earth orbit for the first time the clam here looking good may 1969 Apollo 10 returns to the moon we have arrived the mission runs a full rehearsal of the lunar landing flying just eight miles above the surface with all testing complete the stage is now set to attempt a lunar landing July 1969 Apollo 11 is go for launch [Music] Bravo good forward to the right little okay engine stop we copy you down eagle [Music] after almost a decade of dedication NASA has won the race to the moon and astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin become the first of only 12 men to walk on the lunar surface [Music] Apollo 11 was a great achievement for NASA because it demonstrated that the mission plan and the way in which the program had laid out all the various steps and the technologies and the hardware did actually work for real so it was an engineering verification for the world at large it opened a whole new chapter of exploring other worlds and of human beings being able to go from the earth which had been their home the womb of humanity to walk on the surface of another world was a very significant step for Humanity at large although the space race is politically driven the scientific benefits of Kennedy's goal are not lost on NASA if astronauts can survey and sample the lunar surface mankind's understanding of the Moon the earth and the solar system will be greatly enhanced after the success of Apollo 11 NASA sheduled six more landing missions each mission has its own scientific objectives uh NASA accelerates the scientific training for the astronaut corps it's really important for all astronauts that were going to walk on the lunar surface whether they had a test pilot background or a scientific background to be trained in the art of recognizing different rocks so they underwent a series of extensive training programs in places like the Grand Canyon they even went to Iceland and Hawaii to look at lava fields where they were trained by very eminent geologists on how to recognize different rocks how to interpret the age relationships between different rocks they also had a lot of classroom exercises where they looked at rocks under the microscope and enhance specimens so it's a really valuable experience and they were trained by some of the best geologists in the world to do them when the astronauts got to the lunar surface the first thing they did was to view the whole of the area and to report a local description the jailers were training also prepared them to collect the appropriate types of lunar samples that would present scientists with a wider range as possible about the local geology after the apollo samples were attend earth nasa in the USA decided to share some of that material with the rest of the world so that they could feel that they were part of this great exploration efforts you know we went to the moon as one mankind as opposed to one nation so to speak [Music] [Music] to maximize the scientific potential of each mission NASA develops the Apollo lunar surface experiments package known as L set [Music] these experiment packages were designed by scientists who wanted to address really key in interesting questions about the moon and such as what the lunar interiors like if it has moon quakes the interaction between the lunar surface and the surrounding space environment these were small lightweight science experiments that were left on the lunar surface by the astronauts to operate over a long period of time after they've returned to Earth and they were trained to deploy them back on earth prior to going to the moon [Music] our set is the experiments that keep on giving in fact the lunar laser ranging stations are still studied at the present day so our SEP ISM and incredibly important parts of the Apollo missions alongside their scientific and geological training all Apollo astronauts receive exhaustive photographic instruction the photography was clearly going to be very very important on the mission both documented as well as a record of the mission for people back on earth photo documentation for geological purposes for sample analysis photographing in situ a rock before you moved it then after you lift the sample you have to photograph and document the places come from so you get a reference you know you didn't expect to see anything crawl out from under that rock but if there was he wanted a picture of it context is everything in geology so when we have a hand specimen sample we want to know the bigger picture on the moon is really important because all the rocks that were collected they've been thrown to their present locations by impactors or other types of complicated processes so by taking a photograph of the sample on the lunar surface we could understand where that rocks originated from and what that tells us about the local geology when crews visit geological sites on earth they also practice with the body mounted cameras that we use on the moon the body mounted cameras were very difficult to use mainly because of the constraints of the suit the principle problem is siting the camera you have a helmet on and the helmet is effectively joined to the suit more or less at your neck so you can move your head but the helmet doesn't move you can't even look down into the viewfinder so it was really about learning by dead reckoning how to position of the camera in front of them and he took a long time as the missions progressed it got a lot more sophisticated in the training that was required for that it was quite considerable as well some of the crew did it better than others and some were more natural photographers of than others but there was a lot of training that went on in that area but with varied results some of the photographs from Apollo that look back at the earth were some of the best things that happened on the space program the legacy created the environment movement [Music] pale blue dot floating in space turn people's imagination say wow we need to look after this planet I think we've seen as much depth as it was people the intent lifetime [Music] NASA's quest for more scientific exploration results in what were known as the j-class missions the J missions brought two extreme demands in that suddenly there was a very wide variety of tasks that the crew had to do and that was grafted on to an already demanding training program it's interesting how we came to have more science within these manned missions because initially NASA felt that these were largely engineering ventures and there was pressure from the outside there was a National Academy of Sciences in America that was constantly banging on the door of NASA and so NASA and it has to be said reluctantly began to recruit scientists asteroids whose primary skills were not in piloting or engineering and it started with Harrison Schmitt on Apollo 17 and in fact he was put in and a crew member taken out in order that NASA could say they go we flew a scientist to the moon in fact he was instrumental in discovering the location of some volcanic debris the year the famous orange soil [Music] fantastic sports man dad that is really orange having a geologist there really helped for serendipitous discoveries and recognizing rock types that maybe some of the other astronauts wouldn't be trained to recognize Schmidt certainly has left a legacy for the training of scientific a schnoz and as NASA's planning to go back to the moon and to go to asteroids and Mars in the future I have no doubt that geologists will be part of that exciting experience so that we can maximize the scientific return from these landed exploration missions in preparation for the last three Apollo missions NASA trains its crews to operate a small two-man exploration boogy known as the lunar rover the problems with the early missions Apollo's 11 12 what was planned to be 13 and ultimately done on on a home Apollo 14 was was a pretty limited geological footprint of area that you could explore basically the astronauts were limited by how far they can work from the lunar module and come back and that means they're exploring a geologically less diverse area than they could and so it was realized that having some type of roving vehicle on which the astronauts could traverse a lunar landscape at much higher speeds and they could walk meant that the science yield could be higher [Music] and again just like on snow it like by golly they're all about that I know you do but when you look at the amount of lunar surface that was covered we're talking 15 to 20 miles by the time Apollo 17 had flown the field work returned the amount of science that's come out the amount of samples that they took the amount of documentation that they did was absolutely first-rate and in fact it just goes to show that project Apollo proved there is nothing that will compare to having a trained observer be it on the moon and ultimately beer on Mars [Music] to take your final look at the valiant or Electra as Apollo 17 lifts off the moon surface on December 14th 1972 they not only signified the end of the Apollo program but the greatest chapter in the history of human exploration when President Kennedy pledged to put a man on the moon NASA had barely put a man into orbit yet little more than a decade later NASA had successfully crossed the vast technological gap between Project Mercury and Apollo and the vast ocean of space between the Earth the training in the Apollo program was the pivotal key to being able to move forward to the shuttle program which is why NASA is so proud to keep as its core all of those lessons over the last 50 years that it has learned that is the bedrock it is the structure that is viewed as a template for everything that stems from it I think the greatest legacy is that there are two generations of engineers who draw inspiration from what was achieved not just by the astronauts but by the engineers we're talking about an achievement which is clearly right on the limit of what could be achieved even today and it forms an ideal which engineers still strive for it's a it's a benchmark of achievement today we look back and marvel at NASA's technological and scientific achievements of the 1960s but we should never forget or underestimate the bravery skill and dedication of the Apollo astronaut corps men with sharp intellect and sharper flying skills who put their lives on the line to answer Kennedy's call I think many people have contributed to this pinnacle we've reached some have contributed more than others and we know of 14 individuals who contributed all they had and because of that where we left a small memorial on the moon and a small subtle crater there's a simple plaque with 14 names and those are the names in alphabetical order of all the astronauts and cosmonauts who have died in the pursuit of exploration of space near it is a small figure representing a fallen astronaut and looking at the Apollo group of astronauts the stereotype is that it was the right staff and yes strap it on and go and to hell with the consequences but actually when you look at the very very broad range of personalities the one thing they all had in common and I think this continues to today's astronauts is an absolute dedication to their task a real commitment to teamwork and a realization that what they were doing was just at the sharp end of a pyramid built on the achievements of thousands of others and I think the legacy of the Apollo experience has provided the perfect temperate for future cruise [Music] between 1968 and 1972 24 men flew to the moon and 12 walked upon its surface when Neil Armstrong took those first historic steps not only did it represent mankind's ability to overcome any challenge but it symbolized the courage and determination of a few extraordinary men who were made of the right stuff [Music]

Channel: Spark

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Keywords: Spark, Science, Technology, Engineering, Learning, How To, education, documentary, factual, full documentary, Science documentary, SPACE Documentary, space travel, apollo 11, apollo 11 mission, the moon landing, moon landing, neil armstrong, buzz aldrin, the man on the moon, apollo 11 documentary, the apollo missions, neil armostrong (astronaught), how to become an astronaught, was the moon landing real, michael collins, moon videos, moon landing footage, space

Id: MSo99r5Hmoc

Length: 52min 9sec (3129 seconds)

Published: Fri Mar 01 2019