Hematology | Hematocrit

our ninja nerds in this video we're going to talk about hematocrit so what is hematocrit ematic rated also called your pack cell volume is just the percent of your wrist recites or your red blood cells for the entire amount of blood that you're taking out of the individual so pretend I take about a millimeter cubed of blood from my brachial vein alright so I take about a millimeter cubed over my brachial vein from the median cubital vein wherever I take that blood about a microliter millimeter cubed I put it within a test tube right I centrifuge it the centrifuge will separate the blood based upon densities into three distinct layers that you're going to see right here so we centrifuge this blood right we coat it with heparin because we don't want the blood to clot so what you're going to see is three distinct layers this layer here on the bottom is the most dense component and that's your erythrocyte layer this green layer sandwiched in between the plasma and the red blood cell layer is called the Buffy coat and the buffy coat is going to be importing an introduction and then this blue layer right here is called the plasma okay and we'll talk about within the plasma so again what is hematocrit though or another name for it is called packs elbow let me write that over here so again other word for hematocrit is we can say P C V which stands for pack cell volume so now let's go through each one of these components so if we come over here first let's say we go into this first layer right here so you spin the blood right and we separate out these layers this layer is the erythrocyte layer okay so this is going to be consisting of our RBC's our red blood cells right our erythrocytes now we already know the function of erythrocytes so we're not going to go over that what's go over and say again what would be the percentage out of this so this is a whole microliter so how much is this again from here all the way to here is about a micro liter of blood which again is equal to about a millimeter cubed of blood right how much of that would actually account for this dis fraction right here it would be about 0.45 so this would account for about point 4 5 out of that micro liter so about 0.45 microliters but if I take that point form 5 microliters of my red blood cell layer over the 1 microliter of all total blood and multiply that by a hundred what does that give me that gives me 45% this is on average the amount this is on average our hematocrit or our a wrist recite component of the blood percentage-wise this is the normal amount obviously for women it might have a standard deviation about two or three less than for males it might be about a standard deviate standard deviation of two or three above that okay but anything below this so what if someone has something below that value so if there's actually going to be let's say that this person has less than 45% what is that called called Amenia what is the call whenever they have greater than 45% it's called polycythemia right and we talked about these in individual videos right so again that's pretty much it for the red blood cell I know it's about 45% most dense component consists of the red blood cells and anything less or greater that can induce these two symptoms or conditions right what is this green little aerator this green layer right here is called the Buffy coat let's do this in black right here so this right here is called the Buffy coat so the buffy coat consists of two different types of formed elements all right one of those formed elements is going to be platelets the other formed elements is going to be white blood cells or your leukocytes right now the Buffy code only accounts if you take out of this fraction as a whole and only accounts for about not even 1% almost less than 1% so almost about less than 1% okay out of this in total fraction right now the Buffy code consists of platelets and white blood cells platelets if you take these guys what are their functions their functions are designed to be able to plug up to any type of damaged blood vessels right so if we have any type of first off how many platelets did you take that millimeter cubed of blood how many please would you find within that you'd find about a hundred and fifty thousand to about four hundred and fifty thousand per microliter of blood that's about how much you find in these individual right if you take the white blood cells that would be about four thousand eight hundred to about ten thousand eight hundred but we're just going to put eleven thousand per microliter of blood if someone has a white blood cell count below four thousand eight hundred so let's say that they have below four thousand less than 4,800 this is called leukopenia leuco Pina and if they have greater than eleven thousand per microliter this is called specific being called leukocytosis right so leukocytosis and this could be indicative of an infection or maybe depending upon how high it is leukemoid reaction or maybe the Leukemia Lymphoma right so that's that part there I didn't mention the mouth red blood cell for red blood cells if you take a microliter of blood they're going to have about five to six million right so five to six million red blood cells per microliter of blood okay now platelets if you have less than 150,000 for platelets so let's say I'll let you have less than 150,000 for platelets this is called thrombocytopenia and if you have greater than 450,000 this is called thrombo psychosis okay so for almost I have a Pina obviously you have increased chances of bleeding thrombocytosis you'd actually have more clotting formation right all right now for this last layer here guys alright this last layer here is actually going to be called our plasma layer this is our plasma layer and again just like we did with the red blood cell layer it's accounting for about you know fifty five percent so if we take it's about 0.55 microliters over one whole microliter of total blood multiplied by a hundred and that's going to give us approximately about 55% so now plasma what is the components of plasma well the components of plasma mainly are water so about 90 and the 93 percent of it is actually just water why is water so important because it's the universal solvent it's cause to be able to transport our red blood cells it's good at dissolving certain types of solutes and proteins and molecules and nutrients with inside of the actual blood vessel right so it's a very important soil that we absolutely need water alright so it controls our blood volume and our blood pressure so many things another thing that's really important is our plasma proteins which are count for about 8 percent of the plasma so 8 percent of it is actually going to be plasma proteins and what are these plasma proteins so what are these plasma proteins these ones the main ones I'm going to mention each one let's say we talk about albumin so the first one here is actually albumin and what does albumin do albumin actually regulates what the water balance inside of our blood vessels right so he controls the osmotic pressure he counts for about 60% of these plasma proteins the other ones are going to be your globulin and your globulin you have three types alpha and beta which are usually kind of grouped together right so alpha and beta and then the other one is gamma globulin so what does alpha and beta do alpha and beta are usually transport proteins so these are very good transport proteins so they transport substances that aren't soluble within the blood plasma like what like certain types of metals for example like iron iron can't be in the bloodstream freely circulating because they cause free radical reactions so we have to bind him to transferring certain types of hormones that are soluble within the bloodstream like psy Roxy or t3 and t4 they have to be bound to thyroxine binding globulin all right so that's just an example quick example of our transport proteins what about gamma globulin gamma globulin ZAR your antibodies okay so these are like antibodies and these are produced by your plasma cells by your plasma cells which are differentiated b-cells and they're good for fighting off different types of pathogens right by optimizing them or activating certain types of pathways all right so that's the big opponent the other things are kind of like you know what most people should know it's going to transport respiratory gases like oxygen and co2 and even nitric oxide it's going to transport electrolytes so it transports electrolytes right what are these electrolytes that it transports this could be like sodium potassium chlorine and we could just keep going on and on and on right what else does it have within it it also has a couple other things that we'll mention let's say nutrients so nutrients is very important some of these nutrients are going to be things like glucose glucose is very critical amino acids fatty acids right so tons and tons of different types of substances that you can find as nutrient wise right what else enzymes enzymes different types of enzymes anti microbial enzymes functional enzymes right what else you can even have hormones so you can have hormones within the bloodstream that because that's their main form of transport right and then one last thing to finish it all off you can also have metabolic waste so metabolic waste product right and what are these metabolic waste products could be lactic acid could be uric acid could be creatine could be all kinds of different substances what is the purpose of this well usually the plasma is responsible for being able to transport this metabolic waste to the kidney where it can be excreted right or it takes it to the liver because the liver can excrete it out through the feces right all right so pretty much in a nutshell that gives us what we need to know about this now we're not going to go into certain types of imbalances within the plasma because it'll just get too insane for right now just know that these are the constituents of the plasma all right so pretty much guys in a nutshell this gives us everything we're going to need to know about the hematocrit or the pack cell volume see ninja nerds

Channel: Ninja Nerd

Views: 654,884

Keywords: hematocrit, hematology

Id: yF22BfXEO5g

Length: 10min 45sec (645 seconds)

Published: Mon Mar 27 2017