Blood Components (Hematocrit)

hi everybody dr. Mike here in this video we're gonna take a look at blood and the components of blood and something called hematocrit first thing is let's go through some blood facts all right so blood what is the pH of blood remember Parrish is the concentration of hydrogen ions and we measure it as pH and it's between seven point three five and seven point four five really important if the pH of our blood goes outside of this range things can start to go bad wait how much of our body weight is actually blood well to write about eight percent eight percent of our body weight is blood for males we can turn around about five to six liters of blood and for females that's around about four to five liters of blood and the temperature of blood in our body is about 38 degrees and blood is the primary way of shifting heat around the body if it gets too hot then the blood vessels dilate we release hate if it's too cold blood vessels constrict we hold on to that heat and what type of tissue is blood remember there's four tissues of the body nervous epithelial connective and muscle blood is connective tissue remember connective tissue is a whole bunch of binds and wrapped structures right and so borrowing is connective tissue you've got cartilage is connective tissue and you've got blood is connective tissue and connective tissues are made up of cells gels and fibers and it's the concentration of fibers and the types of gels that depend on the viscosity or hardness of that connective tissue there's obviously few fibers in blood and therefore it's a liquid so what I've drawn up here is a tube I've taken my blood or popped it in the tube I put this tube in a centrifuge and I've spun that centrifuge around and what that does is over time it separates out the components the major components of blood according to weight and size and what we get are the biggest and heaviest things down the bottom and we get the lightest and smallest things up the top alright there's three layers we need to talk about right one two three so the first layer is the layer at the top that we're going to focus on to begin with and that is what we call blood plasma and the blood plasma consists basically it's 55% of your entire blood volume is blood plasma and blood plasma is made up of three main things that you should know it's made up of water proteins and solutes so of this 55% you're going to find that 92% of plasma is water so if most of the blood is plasma and most of the plasma is water most of our blood is water all right proteins make up around about 7% and you're going to find that solutes is less than 1% now with the proteins there's three main types of proteins in blood that you know there's obviously more but there's three main that you should be aware of so these three proteins are albumin let's first focus on albumin then I'll talk about the other two so albumin is an important most abundant protein in our blood it does a couple of things right so one it's a carrier or transport protein and what it usually carries around are substances that are lipid soluble so if it is lipid soluble it doesn't like water most of the blood is water so it doesn't want to be in the water but it still needs to be transported so it binds to albumin and lipid soluble substances right lipid soluble they can be lipid soluble drugs for example or they could be lipid soluble hormones and the lipid soluble hormones include things like steroid hormones right okay the second type of protein you should know are the globulin and the globulin play a big role in immune function and clotting let's just write immune are one thing I forgot about the because I said one there's obviously another point here for Alderman is that it is the most important protein when it comes to maintaining osmotic pressure what's osmotic pressure so remember osmosis is the movement of water towards an area of high solute concentration so if you think of a blood vessel for example a capillary capillaries have holes in them and they feed the tissues outside of that blood vessel here's some cells that need to be fed there needs to be oxygen and nutrients for example that need to come out to feed those tissues but at the same time what it comes out so throughout the day your capillaries are constantly leaking fluid now over an entire day if none of that fluid was reclaimed would lose most of our blood volume for me five to six liters worth of blood volume just in the periphery or in the interstitial between the blood and the tissues that's where all my fluid will go my blood pressure will go down wouldn't be a good situation so I need a way of reclaiming that fluid back in and the major way of doing this is albumin the protein that sits in the blood protein has a negative charge it loves pulling water towards it and that's called maintaining osmotic pressure albumin just like globulin right and just like fibrinogen which is going to be the third protein are all made in the liver so if the liver isn't doing too well you may not produce enough albumin you may not maintain osmotic pressure and fluid may remain leaked out and this is edema all right so really important clinical link there so we said globulin ZAR important with immune function but they're also important in clotting and then the third protein is fibrinogen and fibrinogen is an inactive protein that needs to be activated into fibrin right and it's involved in clotting as well in the clotting cascade perfect what about solutes what type of solutes do we have well the solutes are going to be things like ions and ions are sodium potassium magnesium calcium chloride things like that nutrients these nutrients may be glucose or amino acids or fatty acids for example gases gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide and nitrogen and waste like uric acid or ammonia for example waste metabolic waste is what we're referring to so you're going to find that plasma makes up the most of our entire blood 55 percent water proteins solutes and these are the components of that next part is this part here so this part here is the smallest component of our blood called the Buffy coat it is this white Buffy layer if you put it in a centrifuge it makes up less than 1% of the entire blood volume and it is made up of leukocytes and thrombocytes which are white blood cells and platelets so leukocytes the stim leukocytes first all right so for the leukocytes is around about 10,000 cells per mil right and leukocytes like I said are also known as white blood cells Luco means what right site means cell five different types of leukocytes remember the mnemonic never let monkeys eat bananas never let monkeys eat bananas there's your mnemonic neutrophils lymphocytes monocytes in your sinner fills basophils and it also goes in abundance most abundant to least abundant so most of our white blood cells are neutrophils really important in what's it called when you get damaged vascularized tissue inflammation all right so that's leukocytes the other one was thrombocytes which are platelets the most cell fragments then cells themselves from megakaryocytes but like I said platelets and you have around about 300,000 cells per mil right so there's more platelets in number than there are white blood cells and platelets play a really important role in clotting so these leukocytes what blood cells are there for immune function right so you've got T b-cells and all these other cells that have really important nuclei as well so we'll talk about that in a future video and platelets which are involved in the clotting cascade all right the last one down the bottom is eosinophils sorry is erythrocytes what am I talking about erythrocytes which means red cells leukocytes white cells or erythrocytes red cells so they're the RBC's red blood cells and we have around about five million per mil one of the most abundant cells in the entire body and what they do is they carry gases right they carry oxygen carbon dioxide really important red blood cells are filled with hemoglobin that carry oxygen okay so when we take blood and we spin it down and we measure this the percentage of this for males is around about 44% for women the red blood cell percentage is around about 40% and this is also called our hematocrit right so measuring hematocrit is simply measuring the red blood cell percentage of whole blood males around about 44% females around about 40% plus or minus a number of percentage and here's the thing the reason why we do this is if it goes too low and maybe an indication of anemia not enough red blood cells if it goes too high maybe an indication of poly Sethi Mia and these will be the topics of future videos so as we look at the hematocrit or blood components three major types plasma 55% buffy coat less than 1% and erythrocytes around about 44% so hopefully that helps looking at blood components

Channel: Dr Matt & Dr Mike

Views: 106,944

Keywords: buffy, coat, red, blood, cells, white, leukocytes, erythrocytes, hematocrit, haematocrit, platelets, albumin, what is in blood?

Id: fE1GfwKsvjc

Length: 11min 4sec (664 seconds)

Published: Wed May 13 2020