Hi. My name's Ronnie. I'm going to teach you
some very, very simple reported speech things. If you don't know what reported speech is,
welcome to the confusing word... World of confusing reported speech and words. Reported
speech, maybe when you study it in your class, the teacher or whoever, will call it indirect
speech. It's the same. So, indirect speech or reported speech is exactly the same. Yay.
Why or how do we use reported speech? Good question. We use this to report or to
write down what somebody has said. If somebody has told you something, this is
going to be a quote. A "quote" means you copy the person's words exactly. You have to be
really careful not to change their words. Reported speech or indirect speech is usually
only used for writing. So, we don't really have to worry about all of these crazy rules
when we speak. Whew, thank god. So, we're just going to go through the past, the present,
and the future. We're going to change quoted speech into reported speech. This little chart
will help you. If you want to copy down this chart, take a picture of the chart, I guarantee
it will make your reported speech grammar class or grammar learning amazing.
Check it out. So, in the present tense, we have two tenses,
we have present simple or simple present and we have present continuous. As an example:
"She eats lunch." is present simple. This is something she does every day. So if I wanted
to report or write down this, write this down, I would use reported speech. So: "She eats
lunch." My present simple, what I'm going to do is I'm going to take my verb "eats",
and change it to past simple. So, present simple verb we're going to change to past
simple. I would say: "She said she ate lunch." In this sentence, "eat" is present simple; in
the reported speech, "ate" is my past simple. So, present simple changes to
past simple in reported speech. If I have a present continuous example, this
means something the person is doing now... For example: "He is painting." So he's an
artist, he's got a paint brush and some paint, and he's painting. We have to change this to
past continuous. So, if we have "is painting", all we have to do to make this past continuous is
change it to "was painting". Present continuous to past continuous, the only thing that changes
is our "to be" verb changes from present to past. "He said he was painting." Moving right along. Or moving back, back to the
future. We have present perfect. An example of a present perfect sentence: "He", sorry.
"They had a shower." It's about time; they smell a lot. So, if we wanted to report this
or write this down, we would say... Oh, he said... He... Sorry: "They have had". This is
strange, "have had". Check this out. Present perfect is going to change to past perfect.
So: "They have had", if we change it to past perfect, we have to change it to "had had".
Ronnie, "had had"? Is that true? Yes. This is right. So, present perfect, "have had",
changes to "had" plus PP: "had had". So: "They said they had had a shower." And it's about
time, because they're pretty smelly. The next one: past simple. For example: "He
took my photo." In this sentence, your verb is "took". This is a past. So, past simple,
present perfect, both of these we have to change to, again, past perfect.
So we're going to change this to: "They said he had
taken my photo." And the last one, past perfect, don't change
it. It's cool. It's already done. Past perfect you have to change to past perfect, so you don't
have to change the grammar in this sentence. -"They had had a dog." -"They said they had
had"-that's crazy again, but it's true-"a dog." So, if you have a past sentence, present
perfect, simple past, or past perfect, all of these are going to be changed to past perfect.
That's easier. "Had" plus the past participle. You okay? Moving on to the future. We have two future
tenses in English. Future simple or simple future, which is going to be "will", and we
have future "going to". Simple future: "She will go." Future "going to": "They are going
to play football with their new shoes." Do you play football? Future simple: "She will
go", all we're going to do is change the verb or the modal "will" to "would". So it's going
to change to: "She would go". That's cool. "Will" changes to "would".
That's easy. "They are going to play football." This is
future "going to". To make this guy reported speech, all we're going to do is change "are"
to "were" or "was". Oh, do you know when to use "was" and when to use "were"? If it's "I",
we use "was". If it's "he", we use "was", and "she" we use "was", and if it's "it".
If it's "were", we use "they" and "we". Reported speech can be really, really difficult
and confusing, but if you can remember one, two, three, four, five easy ways to get this
down, you're going to have no problem reporting what somebody has told you. Take
care, and report carefully.
