From Waste Management to Resource Management – Moving from Theory to Practice –

now and this session will be moderated by ms cosmo on Ogawa the director of CC ET if you could please mr. Ogawa so continuing it was the resource efficiency discussion earlier we will start with this session let me be brief so earlier with resource efficiency we had discussion around that but when it comes to efficient use of resources there are many different approaches the discussion we had earlier was about upper stream or the approach taken from the upper stream so for instance within the company the manufacturing process is to be changed or the consumption consumption may be midstream but the resource use patterns will be changed so by doing that Mises efficiency as a whole will be improved so that was the discussion we had earlier this time taking the opposite view we will take a look at it from the downstream so the so-called waste rather than looking at it as waste perhaps we should read review it as resources and by pushing the use of waste we can aim to improve the resource efficiency so the theme is one and the same resource efficiency as a team but there are different approaches from upstream and midstream but this time we will be looking at resource efficiency from downstream perspective and with that we can improve the use efficient use of resources so the first speaker is from UNEP IEC T mr. Keith Alderson will start his presentation Thank You Ana Ghassan I very much enjoyed the morning plenary a circular economy has no upstream has no downstream it's circular right so one of the speakers mentioned this dichotomy between circular economy and resource efficiency and you know the title of our session is from practicum theory to practice in fact what we practice every day is not circular economy circular economy is maybe an aspirational goal much like the sustainable development goals which were also mentioned this morning many of them realistically unachievable but more setting a kind of aspiration for us resource efficiency on the other hand is is what's in practice we're trying to do and so on in my presentation I'm going to talk about just one waste stream which is plastic as an example as a very tangible example to back off a little bit from the theoretical discussions about circulation circular economy and try and look at the practice and I'd like to think rather than thinking about from theory to practice that were we have some theory and we're putting it into practice it's the other way around I'm gonna show you or we all have practices in waste management and we'd like to bring those towards the theory of circular economy so let me so my name is Keith aalverson I'm director of a United Nations Environment Center based here in Osaka Japan which carries out most of the work that UN Environment does in waste management so our vision is really based on countries to help them identify and implement sustainable technological solutions to environmental challenges what's showing on the screen there is World Environment Day June this year Prime Minister Modi and our executive director Eric Solheim released a report on single-use plastics and that's the report which was produced by my office and I'm going to give you some highlights from that report right now so first of all one thing that's clearly not any part of any circular economy is an exponential growth curve exponential growth curves are by definition not part of a circular system plastics are NX on an exponential growth curve they have been as are many other products we use from about 1950 where there was no plastic in the world today where or 2015 where we had 300 million tons of plastic waste generated there is no sign of this curve tailing off let alone moving towards circularity this is plastic waste generated the report goes through a number of policy suggestions and of course the primary one is to improve waste management for plastic waste also we talk about promoting alternatives to plastic as a way to phase-out single-use plastics educating consumers because no matter what you have available if consumers don't choose it it's not going to be useful enabling voluntary reduction schemes and strategies and of course bans and levies bans and levies was really the driver of this report having a look at plastic bands you know that many of them have been had come into place last year and how effective they are but we just starting with the conclusions of the report bans and levies were really pretty low down on our on our suggested activities forget it for we're dealing with the plastic waste challenge rather very standard preventing the use of plastic reducing its use reusing plastic this is a nice reusable glass cup unlike the plastic laminated ones out front recycling energy recovery that's the faint waste-to-energy used a lot here in Japan and of course landfill this is just a map of at the time when we wrote the report so early this year all of the different total or partial bans on plastics that we could find at the National we looked a little at City as well level and economic instruments that were in place and some combination of the two also private public-sector agreements between certain companies and governments you can see that the bans are concentrated very heavily in developing world in particular Africa you know there's a very good reason for that Africa doesn't have good waste management systems so they see the problem which is plastic bags hanging in all the trees floating in all the river is jamming up the the the gutters and the all kinds of problems and they just decide to ban the bags right and so to some extent that's dealing with a symptom rather than a holistically looking at the challenge in general also in this report we look at different results of both the bans and the economic instruments I'm not going to talk about all the results I have copies of the report and a glossy policymakers summary which I can hand out to people who are interested right after this session another thing that's growing exponentially along with plastic waste is the number of regulations being put in place to deal with it so these are laws that we found number enacted per year is the graph and you can see also an exponential rise and indeed after this report was published we had at least another dozen announced bans around the world at city level for example straws in New York City at country level you know India announced some new ones right after the report was released by Prime Minister Modi so this trend also continues so how effective are these bans and levies we looked at all the ones I showed on the map the problem the primary the biggest number you see on the screen here is no data so for the most part we are unable to determine if the bans or the levies are effective or not because we don't have sufficient data on the baseline amount of plastic you and on any change as a result of the ban so at least half of the legislative actions and we've took account of in this report you could see the highly uncertain if they're of use or not one-fifth twenty percent had no impact we could determine we had a pretty good baseline and we could had enough data as subsequent to the levy herb and to see that there was no impact and 30 percent yes we saw a positive impact with some kind of reduction although we were different different different had difficulty quantifying that the main issues that we found in terms of why things didn't work one was lack of enforcement of bands and one was lack of affordable alternatives so I'm only supposed to speak for five minutes so I'm gonna stop there on that Plastics report I'm high as I say I have copies here and I'm happy to talk about afterwards I want to just end with a little bit of an example or a slide to show you what we're doing around the world we help countries and cities with their waste management strategies this map shows you where we're active either in national and city level strategy development on waste management in blue or implementing projects on the ground to assist with waste management either separation or waste of energy or any other kind of direct tangible action those are shown in in green I'd like to thank all the funders of our Center of course Japan is a large one we're based here but also Germany Norway Sweden and the European Commission and many of the partners we work with around the world osaka city were based the international solid waste association the I guess Centre for cooperating with on with UN Environment on environmental technologies and and many others thank you very much hey our baths on son Thank You mr. Alderson mr. Alderson said in his presentation that while he took up the issue of the plastic waste of course plastic is one of the themes of waste so we need to well we have been using plastic because it's very convenient however the issue of plastic has been gaining a lot of attention around the world lately primarily the plastic that is used on land goes into the oceans and towards the marine ecosystem there have been a lot of adverse impacts there are stories of fish dying because of plastic and other than that the plastics as chemicals or the micro plastics which is less than five milliliter millimeters would be more easily incorporated into the ecosystem and might have an impact on hormones and others so there's that perspective as well according to one outlook in a while the plastic in the ocean or the amount of plastic in the ocean will be heavier than the marine resources so some point to that estimate so from that perspective most aalverson talked about resource efficiency and wastes he specifically talked about plastic so thank you very much for that moving on to mr. kumara of Isis so there's this issue of resource efficiency and waste and how they threw the link so he will talk around that topic as I mentioned at the outset when you talk when you think about resource efficiency there's an approach from upstream and there's an approach from downstream tackling waste the issue of waste is one of the representative approaches of downstream based approach however at the moment as you look around the world the issue of waste is a huge theme but the biggest perspective of that issue is that there are lots of rubbish and that is quite dirty or can cause hygienic issues or the collection of garbage is not being done properly so there's a societal aspect in general these issues are more common so the perspective of waste from the perspective of using it and turning it back into resource that's not often talked about so kumara will talk about resource issues and the day to day issues of garbage how these links and interrelated I would like to focus my presentation because I work for idea center collaborating with unep on environmental technologies we are supporting national and the local governments in developing this management strategies I am looking at these strategies as a means how the local and national governments can move in from the rest manage when thinking to resource management I think that's very very important for them I want to quickly pass these things because in the early session is mostly discussed I feel there is this issue like resource management and waste management is something both side of the coin so we found that especially in the asia-pacific region so we are mostly is increasing the use of resources and we have a lot of challenges because of that you you heard a lot of this information in the last session at the same time we found that this region is getting increasing the population growth and change of their lifestyle and the consumption patterns and all these results in producing more waste in the region when compared to other regions at the same time the waste management like Kanagawa son mentioned is is one of the huge challenge for the developing countries and their cities in the region and we find lot of this waste is in somewhere and then go go to the landfill side creating lot of environmental and economic and social issues so in that sense I feel we are now talking about these DG's and before that we talk Millennium Development Goals but further we go early I found that we started discussing these things with unit united nation the report for our common future more with less so I feel that is the most interesting thing for me to see we are we had to be think about how to how to make our lives with the less so in that sense as a waste management we we are thinking we need to be changed from this linear type of economy or the the way of our waste management thinking to the more holistic or the waste management thinking integrating the three our activities so reduce reuse and recycle before we go into the landfill I based on this I I feel that in the our work with countries and the cities we found that it should be to be when we talk about this based on the resources we have to be think about more more lifecycle or the integrated way of waste management because you can see in this diagram so if it is starting from the production and then finally we call about the waste it's going for a whole process of the lifestyle we had a lot of stakeholders are involved and also within the waste waste management part also we have a consumers we have local governments today also we invited the different sectors here to discuss these issues for they have their own responsibilities they have their own way of handling this issue and the way of the contribution for these activities so because of this complexity and because of this integrated or lifecycle thinking we are we are thinking the best ways the cities or the national governments to think about this waste and the resource in more strategic way rather than their daily daily routine activities in managing the ways so for that they had to be change their planning and and the management is tiled to move for some kind of a strategy way of thinking and the planning this is very important because as we see that they need have some some kind of their their idea so that their drivers or the goals in the guiding principles to to make them moving from this waste waste management to resource management thinking but but for that they need some kind of a policy directions and the implementations to to Moody's change so for that we found that in our work with this the countries and the cities they can take like a three important policy directions so first one is the we saw it's the regulations then the heat presentations also said something like the banned plastic waste is one of the regulations they can get but we thought in the normal waste management thinking that kind of policies are not not available it is mostly thinking about how to collect the garbage and how to improve the waste collection know how to improve the the final disposal but they had to make come up with some kind of new regulations or the new enforcement to see how to reduce plastic or how to reduce food waste or how to introduce three our policies kind of a new thinking into their policies and the regulations at the same time we found that the very important in the last session also discussed the social involvement and the community participation on the civil society involvement but we we thought in the in the current waste management systems what they're doing they ask the people to separate garbage so that is they encourage the people in the current situation of the waste management but if they want to move from the waste management to resource perspectives they need to ask people to change their lifestyle and and putting them in some kind of sustainable way of living systems or their sufficiency concept at the same time economic perspectives also we saw that we are promoting public-private partnership for waste management like a put in some incinerator or put in some waste collection it's important but at the same time we need to encourage some kind of economic instruments how the private sector or the public public or civil society is reducing their garbage through a less you throw kind of a taxes or the landfill or incineration or subsidies for encouraging the people or the private sector and EPR extended producer responsibility type of mechanism so this kind of a new thinking should be included in their policy and practice so in that sense CCT is working with unified ICI under the support of the Government of Japan funding supporting supporting the currently we are working with three countries and today we have two of them Myanmar Cambodia and the Maldives and we also going to expand our work with India Sri Lanka and Indonesia so I think after my presentations you can hear some of the real experience in working in these countries for the activities so thank you very much thank you moving on to well based on what was just presented a developing countries for those countries that are in the on their way to economic development what is happening with wastes regarding that point we have examples of two countries so the first example is from models very well known as resort with blue oceans it's a beautiful country or you have that public image so in a country like mol types it's basically a country of islands of small islands to form one country so in a country like that the waste management issue how is it being addressed so on that point mr. Emir will present the case on mobiles mr. premier is the Deputy Minister of Environment and energy in Maldives so mr. Amiel if you could please thank you on Gerson like Keith explained that we need to look at the the reality of the situation and from the Maldives perspective I'm going to give you a bit on the ground reality of the Maldives and waste management Maldives in very brief we are a country of 1190 islands and divided into 28 min state if at all about just over 400 thousand population and tourism and Fisheries are the main economic activities in the country we have a target of trying to reach 1.5 million arrivals tourist arrivals next year both tourism fisheries sectors depend on the environment and hence waste management is a big issue where improperly managed waste can hamper the economic development of the country the entire economy of the world is depends on the environment like I said and waste is the most visible environment threat we faced in this generation per capita is about 1.2 kilograms per person per day in mali and about 0.2 in the 0.8 in the rural areas we as in the resorts we find received 3.5 kilograms per guest night in the tourism sector and population the little over three hundred four thousand hundred twenty one hundred and twenty resorts in operation with many more under construction at the moment and tourism target is 1.5 million like I said this is one of the islands of the Maldives history of waste management when we started waste management progress in 2014 there was no logical framework no policy and no master plan so we had to start from scratch so at that point there was just one or two staff within our ministry who was handling waste and so no not enough staff no available national database open dumping and open burning was the order of the day when we started logistical issues due to smaller items like everything in the island needs to be contained within that island so everything is that much more difficult in the Maldives regionalized waste management system is what we are thinking about that we are we have divided the country into seven regions for waste management and each of the in each of these regions there will be about 35 to 40 islands and each island will have its own waste management center one regional facility for each region and any waste left after being managed to be removed and transported to the regional center so each of these islands will have their own regional own waste management systems each aisle investment center will be provided with composting facility and storage area for other waste hence the popular the the locals are encouraged to do compost him with all compostable waste and facilities are provided to store about three to four months of other kinds of plastics and other bio-based within each of these systems a transport system will be created where waste will be collected from each of these islands and then transported to the regional facility we our material recovery recycling and energy recovery insulation is applied aiming to reduce final disposal of the waste we started a initiative called Safa Raja initiated suffrage a literally means clean Maldives this was launched in 2015 and applet this is a platform to develop and showcase all waste material related activities in in the country in 2015 we hosted the the regional three our forum in fo Asia and Pacific in the in the Maldives and we had a special event a pre event in that regional forum where our hundred resorts of the Maldives got together and signed a declaration with me in coal Mali three our declaration aiming towards zero waste and more circular use usage of resources in the resorts the declaration calls for resorts working towards resources and minimization of waste produced in the resorts this is a shot of the signing ceremony happening suffrage the vice president of the Maldives declared the day August 16 as the national 3r Day and since then we have been having near marking 3r they have in different announcements and chosen the we announced in 2016 an award called Safra j3r award aimed at resorts to promote waste reduction this is a picture of the rewards the first three are awards was announced in 2017 four of the resorts applied however when we had a judging panel that I just decided that not enough was done in any of these resorts to actually give in a vote so this just highlights the kind of issues we face new proposals were called for the current year 2018 and this end of July will be the deadline for applications experiment and the regional perspective that I told you we have divided the country into seven zones and for due to available of funding we have combined a zone four and five and zone six and seven for waste management current status zone one we have a funding source available and works ongoing we are hoping to get this thing completed by around 2019 2020 zone - we started works about five six years back with the help of World Bank systems and about we had 44 Islands and one regional center the regional center is almost starting operational these these the regional center of that zone and we have started operation but it's not fully operational at this time we are hoping that towards end of the this this zone will be fully operational zone 3 is the greater male which is the most challenging area we have working with ADB on 160 million dollars project they this very recently their board decided to start prophase 1 of this project and zone 4 & 5 is we have started a project with World Bank on used to the 17 million dollars hopefully looking at completion by 2023 and theirs on 6 & 7 we have an ongoing project with assistance from donor and in the government budget so zone 6 & 7 is also ongoing at the moment so currently we have all these projects ongoing and all in the pipeline some more data I will focus more on zone 6 & 7 this includes the southernmost four atolls which is Gough a live calf down avian and scene atolls two cities are included in the zone do city and formula city total living population of about 50,000 in that fort also a total of 23 inhabited islands in the photos and 18 aisle investment in centers to see TV training centers and one regional center proposed state-of-the-art 40 ton per day incinerator and waste-to-energy facility this facility is currently the big evaluations are going on hoping to get it started towards the end of the end operational hopefully in the next year transport system to carry waste from islands to you know to the regional center we are working with IJ's to promote public participation in in the waste maintenance system in these four atolls and Islands developing consultant if waste management plans for 18 islands and the regional basement plan for zone six and seven we have had two regional waste management planning seminars with the help of ideas and plans are underway for a third seminar which hopefully we call announced in end of July and hopefully have in August an additional plans are underway for a pilot project of small grant distance to some islands to develop public education programs - so that is it from me these are some photos of the the regional seminars we had minagawa-san and kumara both giving session help with us so thank you very much for listening thank you mr. mio thank you very much next there's one more presentation on the current situation of the other waste management and from that perspective next from yum ma I would like to call upon speaker from the Environment Protection Ministry miss Tita so I would like to hear about the current situation of their waste management in Myanmar list either please start I would like to press yes I would like to present and the status of waste management in Yama currently we are managing four kinds of waste municipal waste industrial waste medical waste and liquid waste so firstly let me talk about how we are managing municipal solid waste to collect and dispose municipal solid waste the responsibility score to look at municipal authorities since we are at a ravine country which management system is not coach and it depends highly on manual workers and Nan specialized for Hickel such as push cuts try bicycles and temples then the collected municipal waste are transported to distant is ignited tamping science here I would like to point out one important thing which is even in major cities of our country which treatment technologies are still in very early stages and we have an urgent need for technology and financial assistant from international communities to manage municipal wastes and regarding industrial wastes we call it industrial waste bone factories but only on call pieces which means that only one factories call municipal authorities we go to factories to call it municipal wastes the issue with industrial waste management is usually we tempt industrial waste in tamping sighs without prior treatment but right now in order to have a proper waste management system we are now establishing control landfill facilities in one of the special economic zone in Yemma namely thilo are as he said which is slightly implemented with new mines so thank you to Japan for helping us with industrial waste management system and regarding medical waste management we used three different color bags for separation of various waste a mentos medical waste infections which are incinerated or pain in ceremony lights subways happened underground in landfills other medical ways are treated as domestic waste and another type of waste liquid waste actually it is about with water and sanitation especially in central business districts of three major cities Chango libero and mental Yangon liberal and mentally we have conventional conventional central with water and sewage collection and treatment system but for the remaining areas of our country we still need to improve liquid waste management system actually responsibilities for with management are shared by various departments and organizations in Myanmar monetary and inception are joined by Environmental Conservation Department also they attend by municipal authorities Ministry of Industry is also import a specially in industrial zone waste management at the same time civil society organization CSO's are also actively participated in environmental awareness race improv group problems such as group garbage collecting activities pit plastic plastic pollution activities in Yama niyama in GenCon population is 6 y 2 million in 2018 the generation rate is 0.41 kilogram per capital party the household always generated is 2700 tennis party and we have ly and with to energy plant project this junk on wisdom energy plant projects implemented by leapfrog program GCM supported by Japan government it's a waste to young on waste to energy plant is operated in on 1st April 2017 assembly the in the incineration capacity is cysteine ten party that's why in Yangon we have a Chandra we have young concrete's about 2700 tennis of garbage every day that's why we need we need to appeal and we need to have a waste to energy plans and in nama we have a national solid waste solid waste strategy and action plan SM plan is implemented and it is a still drafting this national solid waste strategy and action plan vision is sustainable green clean and healthy environment towards a brighter future for Yama we hope Oh Odette national solo waste strategy and action plan will be a well be implement in 2015 we have to be will be zero waste zero emission and circular a commonly economy to achieve a greener cleaner and healthier and woman in Yemen thank you [Applause] miss Judith ank you very much for the presentation and in um so we heard the example from Myanmar in fact miss Teeter and mr. Emile's presentation mentioned that our Center is working on the cooperative projects in these two regions and to help build these strategies for the waste management and how to involve the other citizens and what's important here is how to get citizens involved and also get interested in the issues of waste management and in the case of Japan when we look at the Japanese situation the wastes are collected on the certain days of the week regularly and at the regular time on those days that the garbage collection trucks will come around and collect cleanly the the garbage and so and then these are ways are collected and treated so that it will be innocuous and that is the the reality that we have in Japan but when you go outside of Japan the garbage collection itself is not done in effective manner in many countries it is difficult to find good examples and also the way the citizens present or the the bring the other ways that the segregation is not done so extensively as in the case of Japan and that is also the reality faced by many developing countries however some of the the citizen countries in the developing region some are very aware of the waste management then the other housewives make gather together to produce compost for instance and they try to make the environment greener and nicer and they they may grow flowers in the neighborhood and and tried to circulate a part of the waste and there are many initiatives being taken and many activities are underway in some parts of the developing countries and the cities and in order to properly treat the waste we have to also focus on the the resource management and look at the the waste management from the viewpoint of the resource management and for that matter the the garbage segregation waste segregation plays an important role if you mix then it's a garbage but if you segregate it becomes resources and that is something that is sad and often so in order to make this happen how to encourage the citizens to participate in this a whole movement is an important perspective and Japan is no exception and Japanese citizens take to do certain things to a certain degree without being instructed for instance the collection of the plastic bottles and glass bottles and also they there are some days that days that they may collect the kitchen garbage or the newspaper and if we are to try to recirculate these a segregated waste we have to segregate these wastes even into more different classifications so there are some cities that they managed to reduce almost all of the other ways by segregating successfully and what place in an important role st the citizen participation and citizen participation is the key so from that perspective we have a speaker representing an NGO from Kanagawa Prefecture of Japan engaged in such a citizen participation activities miss Morita will be presenting on the activities of a women-centered a group and how they try to segregate and they're collected ways and to make them into resources so this is a typical example of how well the the waste turns into resources so miss Moneta please take the podium hello everyone my name is Marita from green Japan 21 and so thank you very much for the invitation [Music] so we call it a Wii Shop this is our charity shop and so I would like to talk about the our 20-year activity of the the Wii Shop women's empowerment shop here in the Kanaka prefecture so we are we called a Wii 21 Japan and about 20 years ago 1998 it was started by the the women in 40s who have completed the child-rearing and they contributed funds and then they opened the first shop in Itsuki city of Itsuki in Kanagawa I will elaborate on the shop later on and so this is not the the shop that purchases of Precure co goods its the cells they're donated goods from the citizens to spread use the money to support the overseas people in need and so we have established the as an NPO and a 39 local NPS managed 55 we shops in Kanagawa Kanagawa and so it is now spread across the prefecture of Kanagawa and in each region the members in each region independently acquired near the position or the status as the NPOs and they we all share their missions to proceed with our activities and this is how the the charity shop works and the shop shops are located in the the high streets and also the close to the stations and the citizens will donate unused goods into the shop and the shop is run by volunteers to segregate the the goods protein by the citizens such as the the clothes and other goods in the back yard and then they put the price tag and displayed the goods in the shop to sell the goods and the proceeded part of the proceed is used to support the developing country friends outside of Japan and also in order to confirm whether the the money is spent properly we would visit those target countries and also to collect information and also the we give feedback the the information in these countries that we support to the volunteers and we spent the money for a better education and to support with the people in need and so forth and now why are we working on the reuse and recycling of the the goods cerissa we 21 activities as said the the the resources we need they're 1.7 times worth of resources to support the the population and only 20% developed countries consume 80% of natural resources and energy and that is the reality and that is an unfair resource distribution and also in Japan we feel that the majority of the donation is women's garments and of which 90% are made in mostly in China in Bangladesh and so basically these are clothes made using the resources outside of Japan it is imported to Japan and we would wear the them brand new and then we would throw them away without me using them and that's been a regular practice in the past and and the recycling ratio in Japan is said to be only 20% for these are garments are clothes and so there was a mention of the the Civic Society so as part of the Civic Society we would like to change the other lifestyle of this mass production and mass consumption and so we need to basically face us squarely with this reality to change the situation and to be more specific in the shop the donate half of the donated clothing can be sold in the shop and but there are some left over so the which cannot be sold and those who go to the the recycling cycle on the right and we give the unsold close to the the fiber company for recycling of the fiber and those so the we also sell the the cut release and also the the bottom and in the plate and the glasses and and those are given to the glass companies for recycling and also we work with the other power the company that makes power using the cooking oil and also the mobile phones also also given to the recycling company of the different metals and metal parts and then these proceeds will be used in for instance and activities in the Philippines and we try to recycle as much as we can and I said that it's the citizens who volunteered to work in the shop and 20 years ago when we started our activities the recite when we wanted to open the recycle shop there were so many people who were reluctant to wear and clothes worn by somebody else in the past and the word recycle itself was widely accepted but when it comes to the extra practice and recycling and people still felt reluctant and now that the 20 years are passed and there are a number of recycle shops and reuse shops anywhere and so it is now taken for granted to recycle and reuse the used clothes and so in the past 20 years more and more people started appreciating the other the recycling reusing and in Japan those are what Montagne that is the internationally known word and so if you for instance if you don't want and that gives an psychological incentive for the people who donate the unused clothes and goods and and also establishment of the circulating system by establish and local circulation system so it which cannot be attained only by the volunteers and therefore we have cooperated with the the fiber company so as we first of all establish a system in which the truthful circulation will be enabled and so I think that also led to a better understanding and appreciation and also and I said the other number of npos independently established operating the we shops and so this is a distributed decentralized system that is close to the other locality and so that gives a better sense of usefulness in the in their own community and the the volunteers and the citizens alike can visualize the good work and the achievements done by individual shops and also the citizens can develop a sense of ownership in this initiative and from the operation of the shop ending it the procedure of the shop and the utilization of the proceed and members can discuss what they would like to do and so they can also exert their own strength for those who are social they can tend the customers and those who better at logistic they can work on it and for instance and so those have also resulted in the continued active as well as the appreciation by the citizens that is all from me so presented on the what will be the key for successful circulation resource circulation community from the perspective of citizens activities thank you very much money doesn't do more thank you very much miss Morita so we have heard from the presenters now if those of you on the floor have any questions or opinions that you'd like to share with the panelists we'll be happy to take that also this session is webinar in other words this is being distributed around the world live so not those that are in the venue but if the perceptive participants of the beben webinar has any questions we'll be happy to take them as well so first we'll start with those that are on the floor related to what was already presented do you have any opinions you'd like to share with us or any questions yes please thank you very much my name is yahwah i have a question to miss Morita so you were involved in this wonderful activities for the 20 years so I'd like to show my respect for that recently there's a company called mercury that was listed very recently and their stock price was twice at the initial offering price so the sharing of different roles and responsibilities as a company like Meraki what do you have in mind if you could speak that speak to that that will be appreciated thank you very much as you mentioned the company mercury they are out there very high-profile young people would sell their clothes to them so the there's the true sense that the young people don't use our we shop as much as they used to so they kind of reuse that mercury and the kind of we use at our shop what is the difference when when I think about that the difference the biggest difference is that you have face-to-face communication in the shop we shop is just the shop but it's not just a customer walking in and the clerk greeting the customer it's a lot more to that those that come and shop and those volunteers that run the shops they both live in the community so they know each other oftentimes so they can be engaged in day to day small talk that such conversations take place often in the shop so our shop is known or some people say that our shop the kind of shops where you would walk in even though you don't intend to shop so in that conversation the issues of waste or the climate change also where the money goes to and we can talk about how the money the proceeds will be used to support people in other countries so this is an opportunity to provide information to get people more interested so in that sense face-to-face exchanges we call it growing together learning together so that's something we'd like to consider more important going forward thank you very much for you answer yes another person my name is Hashimoto I have a question to misty de from Yama Oh so in order to start the waste incineration from scratch you need the are the 50 places or 500 places of the incineration plants across the country and that would require a number of a garbage collecting trucks and if you had to do this in Yama you will certainly require a lot of fund money so how many incineration plants are to be installed in Myanmar just to get the sense of the scale of our waste management system in your country in mm ah we have only one waste to energy plan we need a lot of waste to energy plant but then waste to energy plant is hell it's a lot of money it that which to energy plant is a shrine and GCM project and nama government is a 8 million and Ministry of Environment is at 8 million a million that's why we need a lot of but that we cannot install the waste energy plan an incineration plant my promise to our so the plan does exist but when we think about the actual construction cost the it is not that there's the the concrete plan for exactly how many incineration plants will be built so I believe in Southeast Asia if you were to do the the incineration plan the the the facility cost is so high it will be very difficult so I think an incineration plant construction has to be combined with the other waste segregation otherwise it will not work so that as little as waste needs to be incinerated that way you can you will generate the less co2 so do you think that direction is possible so I would like to answer that question as you said briefly earlier the waste if you mix the waste it's waste but then if you're quite Sarah in segregating then it can be circulated as waste rather the resource resources and so as you said there are two steps so the waste incineration that can be combined with waste energy but that's sort of a last resort and before incinerating the the waste there are many things you can do such as separation segregation and also we don't have to always aim at the power wasted power there are many other final sort of disposal methods and so I'm in talking about this recently Japan is I think it's safe to say that is an originating country of three hours reuse recycle and reduce and also the waste segregation is very well underway in Japan and also the Japanese waste management history and because of the limited areas land area available for the other landfill and so the the main purpose is to reduce the the volume of the waste and so Japan has been utilizing this technology of incineration as main waste management process and based on that desti at the local government subsidy system designed and implemented and so that reduced the other volume to be buried in the the landfill and also the Japanese waste incineration plant the exhaust for instance is so clean and that's a beautiful practice that is underway but oacd issued a report and we see the member countries account for maybe 38 countries of which sorry I think some noise from another room that's just invaded and I believe that there are 38 oacd member countries and Japan is in the 8th place and 8th place from the bottom we are not the top 8 where the bottom 8 why because we segregate the ways and that we incinerate the waste in a very clean manner and also we combine the incineration with the PAH generation then why we at the bottom 8th in the OECD countries so because in Japan they are all the organic matters are incinerated and organic matters must be considered as the resource and can must be reused so because with Japan lacks tea at this point of view to reuse the the organic elements of their waste within the OECD statistics we are one of the bottom eight in our achievements for the waste treatment and so or the waste management so when we think about the waste management it's not so incineration is not the only ultimate goal as in the case of Myanmar so there may be other ways and in Japan the compost it's not the generally adopted concept but in many Asian countries it is but how well it is done is something that we need to look at and another point we need to build the as inexpensive as the landfill and it's called a hygienic and then field is cold and so there are many other different types of landfill and we don't I don't hardly see any examples that is working well so in terms of the policy or run well the operation may be done well in Japan but if you leave the operation to development developing country there are only a very few cases where the facilities are successfully operated if you have any successful cases I'd like to know personally so when you think about the waste management in developing countries and especially if you think of that from resources perspective maybe we shouldn't be fixated on specific incineration technologies we should look at a broader technologies and how we can economically manage in a way that is not too labor-intensive what would be the options one might be the option of choosing the right technologies another issue may be how to involve the people and citizens so such soft approach and choice of soft technologies perhaps we can derive a solution that's my personal view on this any other questions or anything else in that case based on the discussion that we have had so far at unep and i UNEP ite see the focus is on waste management and various activities are underway so for one thing in developing countries there's the ideal way of waste management or in the case of Japan of course I would welcome comments on Japan as well and the evaluation of how the wastes are being treated or perhaps advice on what can be done in Japan I'd like to get some thoughts from mr. Albert's on aalverson if you could come than that thank you I guess the conclusion of my brief intervention is that there is no universal golden solution that we can all demonstrate somewhere and then scale up to everywhere that paradigm is simply wrong the solutions are always local and there are components of these solutions that maybe reach across many different examples clearly that I think one of the most important ones is a well-educated population or so a population that cares about waste management is educated and understands the challenges right so that's something that is almost always going to be a component of your strategy they said we heard from both the Myanmar and Maldives the desire to install waste-to-energy plants and that's based on reality on the ground you know a waste energy plant is not part of a circular economy right it's using something twice you take of fossil fuels out of the ground you make plastic or something out of it and then you burn it you make energy so it's not circular it's just simply using something two times before it becomes you know waste this said you can't argue with the fact that there are a huge waste management challenges in these places and and Japan is a good example of very effective incineration technologies technologies that are clean that are safe that keep the environment relatively free from waste but there are some unintended consequences of deploying those technologies one of them it's I guess if I make an analogy in the United States you know we often have traffic jams and there's a lot of road and it gets full of cars and then planners think oh how are we gonna get rid of this traffic jam problem let's make the road bigger wider some more room in the in the road and of course one of the unintended consequences that is everybody builds houses out at the end of the road thinking oh this nice big road I'm gonna be able to commute more effectively and the traffic volume goes up by even more than the road was widened and the problem gets worse and that same kind of unintended consequence can occur if you have if you're have a super efficient incinerator running removing all the plastics there's no longer any visible problem people forget about it or they there's no incentive to reduce the use of plastics so I think it's important to think about all basically local conditions think about reality so don't just talk about the theory of circular economy all the time but talk about the reality on the ground and also try and learn lessons both positive lessons things that work well in terms of educating your population in terms of separation one of the speaker's mentioned the importance of separation to even get incinerators to work in the first place efficiently and also some of the negatives so learn from the example that I think oh my god what some was talking about in Japan there is very little there is too much single-use plastic use in Japan it's obvious that's am I just yesterday the other day I bought a banana which already comes with a nice wrapping called the peel wrapped in a plastic bag I mean it's a ridiculous one banana and in a plastic bag so there there I think there are lessons that Japan can can share with Maldives and and my and Mar about incinerators and so forth but there are also some lessons that Japan can learn from other countries about reducing its plastic use in the first place hey don't worry I thought I messed up no no no no I did this may I thank you very much in your comments the when you it was mentioned that when you think about waste management in developing countries perhaps not limited to developing countries internalised countries as well the appropriate or proper waste management how that should exist there's no uniform solution to that so you have to look at individual cases and you have to study them well and you have to think about what would be best suited so you have to have a soft approach in a sense so that may be one answer so that's a very important perspective I think by the way those of you that are participating in this webinar I understand that there's a question from the participants of the webinar so please state from which country you're participating from sure about the UH nationality but this is from mr. fritz an SEO the question is the question is to more ITA's on the concept of we 21 is similar with waste bank in indonesia however one of main problem is the unstable pricing from recycling companies do you have some solutions for this what price sorry however one of main problem is the unstable pricing now I say unstable right thank you tsukushi must do this name so let me provide some supplementary and information in countries like Indonesia there's an effort called or initiative called waste bank so whether it's waste or resources I'm not sure but those are recovered and individuals would have some kind of like a pocketbook or bankbook would have a record and just like a bank account you brought in this much plastic and therefore you get however many rupees so such record such records will be accumulated and next time you want to purchase something you can use that money to make that purchase so there is what's called waste bank but the question was that what was collected by a company or what is collected will be sold to a companies but the price would fluctuate so the question was on that and whether with monitors and organization there was similar experience well thank you very much for your question in our group mainly we collect clothing garments being recycled and as for this to the fiber recycling company we have been working with them and we don't sell them at a price or in other words the company does not pay anything for the clothes that they will take away so there's no price that's for mobile phones the price fluctuating because of the changes in the market price we don't have that experience when we collect the mobile phones and when we sell them the price at which those mobile phones will be sold it may we may be taking a different approach when we recycle the metal there are certain kinds of metals that have value in the market there's the urban mine cobalt nickel rare metals are considered to be rare resources and we need to recycle them you probably are familiar with these but recycling of these metals the price at the market is very low so there is no price on the gold silver and copper would have certain market places and and there are fluctuations in prices of those metals but rather than think of this as sort of like a business we can think about why the prices fluctuate to begin with and the use of resources we can share such information with the citizens in the community so that's the way we think about that so in unstable places it's not really a huge issue for our group thank you very much so in principle you're not selling goods at a price you are transferring or giving them for free in essence so in line with the concept of Multan I you look at that value that the goods would have and that will be one of the motivations for the people to be involved so you are not looking at the economic value of economic benefit I see it isn't it so with the discussion so far mr. mill mr. Mystere or mr. kamala are there anything that you would like to add or to make a comment on first thing I just want a little bit clarify that things that the West Bank and the v21 I feel a little bit different from the West Bank and v21 because the West Bank is something like a material collection and selling because there is no some kind of change of the products but we 21 I feel it is not like a collection Salim it is a space like location whether that the material is as a resource to - even though they sell sell in their own own shop not not given to the someone and in that sense little bit different between the West Bank and v21 activities when it come to the overall discussions I also agree with Keith's points that waste management is more local focus so that's what I feel that our activities in working with the cities or the governments to make any strategies is very important because they had to be think about their own situations and making their own plans based on their current situation and the future perspective so I think that's very important they had to be think that kind of a strategic planning thinking to the waste management activities and the second one I feel in the discussions also we had to be any how we think about to change our concern about the ways because currently we think about how to collect waste and how to transport and how to disposal so in that sense that's what the cities in the initial stage of the waste management they are always thinking how to increase the number of trucks they have to collect the garbage and also they are thinking how to improve the landfill to the incinerator because landfill is open so can be seen so it look like they are still thinking about that very narrow perspective of the waste so how to manage the ways so but our discussions today also it's a little bit broader what we're thinking about how they can think about this is another issue that is opportunity they work on to increase this resource management thinking so we are we are working on in that direction in supporting the national and the local governments for that as I've my presentation also I said like the current thinking about the regulation should be changed they don't need to focus only for the ways related regulations they need include some kind of resource efficient regulations into there policy and the regulations and also the when I said we 21 experience also how the civil society is working so that's also should be changed because in the waste management we are asking people to the separation and keep their garbage in the outside the house well that kind of a things is good for waste management because proper separation and collection itself for the cities to collect the garbage but when it come to the resource perspectives we need the citizens to a little bit further going in doing some kind of activities like v20 is doing thinking about how they are the waist or they work with the communities to manage the resources in their local communities so that's kind of a change should be happen and and the economic perspectives also I feel it should need to change from the west perspectives like our private sector is always thinking how to improve the incinerator how to improve the waste collection so hun and how to move for the more resource efficiency things and one thing is very very important in the developing countries because they are very much influenced for the landfill because it is free nobody charged the landfill so they put all the garbage and bring somewhere in their lands so nobody asking environmental pollution things or the the large sum taxes for the lands but when it's come to the tax for the land land it's very important people have to play not only the waste collection but also for treatment and the operation so that kind of I feel traditional way of waste management to move in for resource management need some radical radical changes so that can be happened by the cities or the governments working with all the partners stakeholders to come to the board and discuss their waste management strategy so in that sense I think the activities that the cities is doing with these governments is something we are moving these cities or national governments to they are thinking on the ways manage to resource efficiency perspectives kumara Sandow mariatillema stuff I'm into Sun thank you very much mr. mill if you have any comment yeah I have two comments one on the the the economic perspective of waste management the experience from the Maldives is when we started talking about waste management in my presentation I mentioned that we started the process in 2014 there were this issue whether how sustainable economically sustainable waste management the Maldives can be we live in small islands very small populations in any one of these islands there's no way any kind of waste stream can approach even approach economic sustainability in this but the the fact we had to look into was that as I mentioned in my presentation our economy depended on our environment our economy is our tourism our economy is our fisheries both of this dependent dependent on our environment being clean and waste-free so not attending waste management was in fact seen to be more expensive than whatever expenses we had to spend on waste management so again like Keith mentioned the different perspectives from different places I'm not sure whether this kind of perspective can be brought from anybody and the other thing is like if we talk about small islands again if we take an example of let's say let's say just one stream of ways let's say electronic eBay's in an island we are three to four hundred maximum eight hundred people living in an island what kind of stream of e-waste can it generate over an year so this kind of perspectives are very different when we talk about different like when we talk about taking back plastic bottles and these things again in an island how can this be done we also trying to introduce the concept of extended producer responsibility but in the Maldives everything is important only fish is the only thing produced so how do we heat importers with EPR that it becomes that much more challenging because there is no producers there are no producers in the country everything is important so how do we heat the importers with EPR and it's gone so again my point is that everything is very different depending on the local situation and depending on the perspectives of that particular nation things can be very different like we mentioned the the the expense economic expense of going for incineration like in this situation I'm sure mr. Ogawa and kumara would have seen the ground reality in the model is where we have we have few choices left for us if we are to protect our environment and then protect our economy based which is based on an environment so that's my point okay I mean domo arigato gozaimasu thank you very much mr. Amiel so the island Islands a small islands is a very specific environment and the Maldives rely on the tourism as one aspect and also the fishery as main industries on the other hand because our Maldives comprises of the small islands they and that they don't produce these products and the import and so the the producers of responsibility is not within the islands and Islands and then so the Pacific it applies to although the Pacific island small island nations and the same concept also applies to the Caribbean small island nations as well we look at it from that perspective so there are many different approaches that we need to consider but the coming up with the one workable answer is very difficult and what about miss Tita do you have anything you would like to share at this point or any comments you would like to give we have to try to transmission of the waste management to resource management now we are now we are trying to promote to fundamental and important things and vomit awareness and technology development fasting to promote environmental awareness we are now doing awareness raising program by means of every possible communication second in in in technology development for promoting technology development honestly we learn and from other countries and share technology know-how amen our people our people and another important things for transmission from risk management to resource management is to establish a court or legislation and policy which promotes private sector involvement and also cooperation amen government agencies agencies like cooperation amen environmental conservation departments municipal organizations and ministry of industry also cooperation between national and local government another important thing is for transmission for risk management to resource management is public behavior especially the cities in daily life pattern such as the waste sorting and suppression even in major cities of nahma our people still need to get familiar with with sorting and suppression which are important for transmission from with management to resource management also oh we need to also we need to promote economic feasibility for a transmission process which means that government needs to find possible ways for a quote economic facility that is all my comments for transmission from waste management to resource management I did a sorry at also a messed up economist a thank you miss Tita I think we are approaching the end of the session so I'd like to try to summarize or conclude what was common among comments made by participants or the panelists was that the most important factor is how to foster participation from the citizens and there are various capacities like understanding awareness and the behavior of citizens but the question is how to raise the capacity of those that are involved there's education that's one another approach may be networking so through these initiatives the citizens capacity and the awareness can be raised and try to promote the participation of citizens such perspective was pointed out as an important common factor as for the second point there were various comments and opinions stated waste management it's not about applying certain patterns to everything you have to look at the local conditions and the realities there are certain means to that would be applicable that would be the basic approach of waste management through these in the end it might need to resource efficiency or recovering and resources the concept of circular economy these initiatives will eventually need these concepts and lastly just outside we are airing and a video that we created and in Mandalay the second biggest city in Myanmar it's sort of like the Kyoto of Myanmar the all the city Samantha is the second largest after Yangon and they are working on the strategy on waste management so there's a video that is being played and one of the participants asked for that video it wanted to get that video for some kind of arrangement was made as I understand but when you have the question or if you're interested in how the waste management is done in developing countries I would encourage you to see that video perhaps that would be of use to you of course you can download the video from Center's website and you can watch that video that way so I just wanted to mention that lastly so over an hour and a half we look at that resource efficiency from the downstream the resource efficiency or the discussion that would really nail this issue would be difficult to have but different approaches of waste management in developing countries the realities we were able to share some information I hope so lastly I'd like to thank the five panelists so please give them a big round of applause to show appreciation and the once again thank you for the participation in the session to all of you [Music] after decades of isolation in the last few years Myanmar has thrown its door wide open to the world with a growing population vast natural resources and an influx of foreign investment the country is experiencing economic development unprecedented in its history it is now the fastest growing economy in Southeast Asia attracted by the new jobs and opportunities offered in cities people are moving from the countryside to urban centers like Mandalay in the last 30 years this city has more than doubled its population now counting more than 1.2 million people but while mandalay keeps expanding its trash collection and waste management services have not been able to keep up there is much more waste generated than the city can cope with adding to this problem there is the new consumerist lifestyle of a burgeoning middle class with an appetite for products that generate waste new industries and hospitals also produce hazardous waste that the city is not prepared to deal with to get a clear idea of the extent of this problem and its possible solutions let's follow man delays waste as it makes its way from purchase to disposal like many people in mandalay door i ike yang is a migrant from Yama's countryside she moved to the city 20 years ago around the year 2000 today she is shopping at the market where everything gets wrapped in plastic bags once at her home door I came takes the vegetables and meat out of the plastic bags they came in and prepares to cook a meal in Myanmar there is no trash separation so kitchen refuse and plastic bags are thrown in the garbage together mixing all kinds of waste material from the house [Music] as the garbage truck passes through mandalay streets people bring out their waste and hand it to the cities cleansing department trash collectors again all trash gets mixed together even when people separate materials like plastic bottles they end up mixed up with everything else in the truck while downtown areas have daily trash collection in townships like the one where d'Or iikeiy Iying lives trash is only collected every other day further from the city center trash collection becomes even more sparse the fact is that the fleet of trash trucks is not enough many of them are old and beat up and cannot even make the journey all the way to the trash dump there are large waste stations where trash is transferred from trucks and other smaller vehicles to large and sturdy containers pulled by larger trucks trash is then taken to the Mandalay landfill where the trucks load is weighed to keep a record of the amount of waste received every day we use only coalition transportation and final tests processor and open dumping waste is emptied onto an area of the landfill where dozens of people many of them children pick through the try to recover valuable materials like aluminium cans PET bottles and even food to be sold to fish and pig farms the Pickers work without any safety equipment risking their health the remaining trash composed mainly of food scraps and plastics is then compacted by bulldozers and covered with soil in this way this dump has been steadily growing and now it is a huge mountain of trash that can be seen from a distance its base is leaking noxious fluids and it emanates methane and other gases that are not only damaging to human health but also contribute to climate change there is also the danger of fire in early 2018 the landfill of Yangon Myanmar largest city caught on fire and burned uncontrollably for days for years mandalay officials did not have a clear strategy to deal with the mounting waste management problems and effective long-term solutions seemed out of their reach Prem Kumar at akela is an expert in waste management from Aegis the Institute for global environmental strategies he is working with Mandalay officials to solve the waste crisis in the city as part of their project they want to get people in Mandalay to reduce the amount of waste they produce by separating their trash and recycling one of the pilot community the other ideas and Mandalay City Development Committee is working on waste separation at Sol's people used to throw their garbage mix garbage to the open areas or the city trucks to collect but now the Romans group we started separation waste recyclables like aluminium cans plastic bottles newspapers and cardboard get collected under the stairs of the building and then are sold to a buyer that visits a few times with the money they pay for improvements to their public areas so the benefits of recycling are very clear to all of them and each block how a woman's group who are coordinating this waste management Graham what they're doing is they do get people to separate garbage into like a recyclable and other waste involving community groups like these women and other stakeholders is an important part of the solution and can be very useful for improving waste management the buyers of recyclables take their materials to workshops like this one although low-tech the recycling industry is organized and employs a lot of people so we are now in one of the recycling bias in who is buying the recyclable materials coming from the pilot communities did already : Holloway inaudible in science I'm really really zeros you that do not lose any where we were where we were the Devourer albano being played out in he receiving three tons per day and he had 32 staff in doing this business work it's looked like he's happy with increasing the raw material coming to his run with the separation started from the household level plastics are sorted by color washed and then ground up by machine to create this material that is exported entrepreneurial recyclers like Korou understand very well that waste is a valuable resource he turns plastic waste into money every day there are many this kind of locations now growing in the city the recycling industry in Mandalay is already quite developed with shops that recycle all kinds of materials by involving these skilled recyclers in the waste management project and connecting them with the women's groups recycling materials at home Mandalay City is drawing on the valuable capacities already present to improve waste management these activities are not just isolated tactics they are part of a comprehensive waste management strategy that has taken Mandalay City years to develop with the support of Aegis and UN environment the waste management strategy was developed with the participation of a wide variety of stakeholders including strong support from Andales mayor and the cleansing department of the improvement participation of the Multiversity horror we have already adopt malli city waste management strategies as a plan starting from the 2072 updated on embodied the strategy includes comprehensive plans to deal with all waste streams and includes provisions for integrating people now working in the informal sector providing stability and economic and health benefits to this otherwise vulnerable group as solutions require the participation and change of behavior of all citizens raising awareness on the new ways to deal with waste is very important that's why the city has put up billboards explaining how to deal with waste and kids are beginning to learn about waste management in school to further reduce the amount of waste generated przemek kumara is now advising city officials and stakeholders how they can make useful compost from organic waste on their experience developing mandala is waste management strategy I just and UN Environment are now working with the national government to create a strategy for the whole country today we are coming to the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Mima to discuss with the director-general about the national waste management strategy and action plan to get his view for the final version and to see how we can move forward in its official adaptation this strategy is a linkage with our national emblem the policy strategy our with our memo climate policy strategy and green corner policy framework this all of a guiding framework are driving to achieve sustainable development goals which at of 2015 so our framework are very much focusing 2030 development asset we need to continue our cooperation I waited ages and you improvement for implementation part under the guidance of this strategy framework while Myanmar is already on a path towards solving its problems waste management is an increasingly critical global issue the problem of our waste is as big and as important for the global environment as climate change it's a big systemic problem that's impacting our environment and it's impacting our own health that's why we have to address it globally I just sended partners continue their quest to improve waste management in countries around the world supporting communities in keeping a clean environment while fully benefiting from their valuable resources [Music] [Music] [Music] yeah

Channel: IGESjapan

Views: 1,380

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Id: FY-bZW0iKsE

Length: 111min 2sec (6662 seconds)

Published: Wed Jul 18 2018