Freud

so Sigmund Freud I feel is it somehow I shouldn't have you instead of being in a classroom sitting in these uncomfortable squeaky seats well I go to couch in a beautifully decorated office where I can tell you facing away from me tell me about yourself talking about your childhood etc Freud is famous for developing the techniques of psychoanalysis and being sort of the paradigm case of a psychoanalyst we're going to look at three stages of his view primarily really the first stage but there are I think three stages of Freudian theory the first stages of early theory that he developed in his 1903 book the interpretation of Dreams so we look at that first then he has a mature theory that's developed throughout a variety of works published during the teens and 20s especially it really is the development cycle analysis that's the title of one of his books there's also the new introductory lectures to psychoanalysis and a variety of others that culminates with a book called the beyond the pleasure principle which changes to vary somewhat and then finally he has a series it works on cultural commentary civilization and its discontents the future urban illusion and so we're going to look at all of those but primarily actually at the first theory the second is so well known I will describe it but I think you will already largely know what it is so let's start with the first stage the interpretation of Dreams the book begins this way he says there is a psychological technique which makes it possible to interpret dreams okay and if this procedure is employed every dream reveals itself as a psychical structure which has a meaning in which can be inserted at an assignable point in the mental activities of waking life now there are several very important claims he's making here and I've tried to separate them out visually so that you can recognize them one is there is a psychological technique which makes it possible to interpret dreams so there are several component ideas here one is dreams have a meaning they have an interpretation they can be interpreted you might think dreams are just random psychological noise for example in which case they don't really have but interpretation he's saying no dreams have a meaning moreover there is a method for getting a thought meaning you might think yeah well maybe they have a meaning but there's no way to know consciously what it is well no we say there is a way and he's going to give it to you moreover he tells you that if you follow this then two things will happen first of all you will be able to uncover that meaning but then also you will see how the dreams actually can be inserted in the contents of waking life that is to say our waking selves and our dreaming selves actually have this kind of interval relation and that's an important point I don't know if you've had this experience but sometimes I've had a dream actually some frequency where I'm in a place that doesn't look familiar to me at all and if I wake up I think I don't recognize that place I don't recognize anything about it and yet in the dream it's remarkably familiar it's as if I've been in this place many times before and yet I wake up and think where is that place I I don't know and yet within the dream and all felt very familiar so sometimes I've thought what if we have two lives we have our ordinary waking life then we have one or maybe more dream lives right which are sort of continuous kind of disconnected but nevertheless you visit these places in your dream life and so maybe in your waking life you're a 21st century college student maybe in your dream life you're a 17th century nobleman or maybe you're a peasant woman around the fall of Rome or make yeah anyway I don't know but what if what if they're just these separate discontinued in existences well Freud said that's absurd the dreams have a meaning and that meaning can be inserted in waking life there's actually a kind of continuity between consciousness awaken then consciousness adrene's well you can see here Freud's theory made an immediate splash this is Del Paso Harold in 1917 say why scientists claim every dream has a meaning secret thoughts and longings you didn't know you had a revealed in dream set up okay so this became very quickly a kind of popular view and Freudianism became something that was sort of recognized by almost everybody today in psychology departments Freud's theories aren't given much attention or respect but they still have a lot of influence in our culture and still a lot of influence in the arts and in various backward departments of universities unlike mine well I will burger endeavor to elucidate the processes to which the strangeness and obscurity of dreams of do and to deduce from the process it's the nature of the psychical forces I use concurrent or mutually opposing action dream search generate so we're going to look at the process by which dreams are generated where'd they come from and his claim is when we do that we're gonna understand first of all my dreams are strange in some ways and secondly we'll be able to understand what is actually producing them what the sources of the dreams are so will not only be able to assign some interpretation or meaning we'll be able to see actually how the dream is generated or so he claims well let's take a look at how we might think about this first let's think about the strangeness of trees what are trees really like and in fact you might ask can we tell dreams from waking life this is one of my favorite philosophical passages it's from the ancient Chinese philosopher John Z and it goes like this once upon a time I dreamt I was a butterfly fluttering hither and thither twelve intensive purposes of butterfly you might remember the scene in the Simpsons where up who has been staying up many many hours he says kwik-e-mart is open 24 hours the place is great demands on my time and after a week of not sleeping he thinks he's a butterfly well anyway I was conscious only of my happiness as a butterfly unaware that I was myself soon I awaited there I was verily myself again now I do not know whether I was dead a managed dreaming I was a butterfly or whether I am now a butterfly dreaming I'm so let's go back to this question what are dreams like and how are they different from waking experience can you tell for example right now that you're awake if you are good however dreams different what dreams like what makes them different oh okay good they don't seem to have quite the same level of detail right conscious experience has a great deal of detail now actually we're aware of only a small part of that our focal range is actually pretty small so all sorts of things can be going on out here so I'm not aware of nevertheless I can turn around and focus on them you know reality is pretty specific and I can examine things with great precision that doesn't seem to be true in dreams right dreams have a kind of vagueness a kind of imprecision a kind of you know partiality that makes them seem different from waiting life what are other aspects of dreams that you think make them seem different from waking life okay good good there's a kind of continuity and endurance to the objects of waking life for example I look at you all and then I look away I look back and you're still there huh okay often in dreams that's not really true right I mean I but this has been a long time back when I was in college and forced to keep a dream journal when I was in a psychology course but I remember one dream where I was I was like riding in somebody's car in northern Pennsylvania and the area near where my grandfather had a cabin when I was a child and then all of a sudden I was on board a boat with Odysseus and we were coming upon some islands this question are we home right if I was reading the Odyssey in class and then there's some other darn thing it's just you know it's like okay where is there in the car if I'm really in a car in northern Pennsylvania I turn around I look back and we're still in northern Pennsylvania okay we're still in that car but here no suddenly this main friend of mine I don't remember who it was but all of a sudden he's Odysseus and we're on a boat instead and we're like on the Aegean Sea instead of northern Pennsylvania what's the you're anyway right waking life isn't like that it's not like I had these episodes where I'm teaching a class and all of a sudden I turn to the water for my turn turn around and now I'm at the San Antonio Zoo and you're a bunch of lions that doesn't happen in real life but it does happen in dreams yep okay good time doesn't seem to make sense right in waking life it generally does make sense more or less you have some idea of how much time has gone by and in fact if anything disrupts that it's very very strange I was in a car accident one time and it really did mess with my perception of time I kept telling everybody despite the blood flowing everywhere I'm fine I feel okay I you know I'm normal and my way of saying that of course was to tell people I have no cognitive impairments bla bla bla but in fact you know later I'm finally home and I say what time's it my daughter says it's about 6:30 Thanks that means the accident was like six hours ago I thought it was like an hour and it really I just remember very little of that every time I remember somebody coming over to me and leading me to the side of the road somebody appeared at one point and bandaged my arm then the ambulance arrived that I was somehow home floating in my swimming pool looking around saying what time and and so you know when that happens in waking life it's very disorienting if you think water earth is going on but in a dream that's kind of normal rights as if things slow down things speed up you're there somebody suddenly comes up and spreads you in you want to run away and you find you can't run right it's just time slows down incredibly it's like I can't do it I raised in real life some monster comes in here it might appear in a dream I think I could run out the door I mean I don't think so that seems like a ridiculous movie thing but that really does happen in dreams what else different points in times where you can be one point in time and then have been literally different beside the world isn't in between this cutout that's good right there's this juxtaposition not only are things sort of not enduring but there's this sort of sudden weight this then says that normally it would take a long time if it's possible at all go from one to the other but in dreams it can happen very quickly and so there you are in your grandmother's house and then you walk outside and suddenly you're on campus well ordinary what you might think unless your grandmother lives on campus that takes some time right but in the green foam there you are and so there's something very me remember yeah I'm feeling like like I know this place is my home you know I've never seen me before or I know this person is my best friend new and there's like a made-up person in earth ah good all right yeah there's this like I've never seen this person before but somehow I know this person is my best friend huh or yes this is very familiar this is my house even though it doesn't look anything like my actual house right or any other house I can remember and so on so there are these feelings of familiarity unfamiliarity these feelings of for example why did I know somehow in that dream that I was in northern Pennsylvania there were trees when there are trees over much of the earth right well how did I suddenly think I've been northern I have no idea so Bob as if I saw anything distinctive so a face much distinctive to see and that's already actually beautiful but it's just like lots of trees well why was I there I don't know I just somehow knew them and so right there are these sudden feelings you get some things you just know in the dream even though there's nothing going on in the dream that would let you know that anything else you can think of that makes dreams feel different hello all right yeah good somehow the dream even if it once you wake up feels very disconnected when it's going on it feels very connected it feels as if there's some kind of logical development going on whereas often in real life it doesn't feel that way you know here you are in class then you walk out in the hallway you see somebody stumble and fall it doesn't make much sense to say what's the meaning of that why to have this experience I was in class we were talking to try Ted and somebody fell down in the hallway what was it mean it's just kind of random right there's a lot of stuff going on in the real world and it's not really as if it all fits one unified story that we can see at any rate maybe in God's mind it's all like pana yeah but but for us though right it seems as if there's just a lot of disconnected stuff happening whereas somehow in a dream it doesn't feel like oh yeah then some random things happen it feels as if it's one continuous experience can you think of anything else in which the strangeness of Dreams might consist do you actually realize that that was a dream well that's interesting actually yeah when we think about appropriate level enough machine fell asleep in this room it's really easy to tell what by oh no you can steal my iPad but yeah it there is this kind of connection right in dreams things will be there that our elements of your waking life appearing seemingly randomly in the dream but conversely sometimes you'll have a dream and then you'll wake up and you will either have something let that happen say as in a case of deja vu or is this ever happen to you somebody you know well does something in the dream and then it's like very hard to separate that out life maybe your friend doesn't be terrible in the dream right then you wake up and you're pissed off your friend but you didn't let me do it it was just in the dream right um I mean years ago I had a dream that my wife cheated on me I opened up the door and there she was in flagrante delicto is over it was like you know I knew that it didn't really happen this was a dream but nevertheless that was like weird and so after that was kind of like it's not like it lasted a long time but for like a week I was kind of like thinking well gee should I be paying attention to but look it's just a dream and so that kind of thing makes it sometimes hard to separate them out well let's go back to this question how can we tell dreams from waking life right now probably you're convinced that you're awake at one point Descartes and the meditations is writing about this and he says look I'm convinced I'm awake I think I'm sitting here in my robe writing by the fire but then he says well I've often dreamed that I was sitting here in my robe writing by the fire it's felt real to me at the time so how do I know right now that I am awake and sitting here writing instead of dreaming he says for all I know I'm actually over there lying between the sheets having a dream so how do you know right now you're really here in class and not just dreaming dinner a place maybe you fell asleep right so your mind is feeling guilty about it it's thinking well I'll make you dream yeah but you just check they weren't there okay right no yeah classic figure the cartoon is you pinch yourself right so does that put them away you can turn on and off the lights what you're dreaming that you're a two-class trying to prove me your blood three yeah I mean if you had dreams that you're dreaming and then you like wake up and then you realize you're still dreaming there's like my dreamt that I was dreaming but still it's all still within the dream anyway it gets complicated here are some artistic visions of dreams here's Joseph strange here is the night stream that's the dream of the valley of darkness good that's Jacob stream that's an opium dream and that's Russo's dream anyway yes here is Freud's theory of dreaming dreams our wish fulfillment he says when the work of interpretation has been completed we perceived that a dream is the fulfillment of a wish so yeah well yes this ridiculous what two key stream of maize and just easy pays I don't know yes so they are psychical phenomena of complete full of the fulfillment of wishes so think of this is the Disney theory of dreaming okay a dream is a wish okay well that's the basic idea okay so now I went fast or go back so this but yes that's the idea it's really a dream is a wish your heart beats a dream is a wish fulfillment so you should be able take any dream and analyze up and figure out what wish is being fulfilled now sometimes it might be very easy maybe you fall asleep when you're hungry and you think wow you're there at the circus in sight and you're eating popcorn you wake up and you think yeah be really hungry Wow popcorn okay so well big complicated dream analysis you want popcorn but in other cases it might not be easy at all now I want you to think about this theory for a moment dreams are the fulfillment of wishes there's a really obvious objection to this feeling nightmares exactly so you might think wait a minute alright there are some pleasant dreams of maize and popcorn blah blah blah but wait a minute what about okay so there's the most obvious right I don't want to be chased down a dark hallway by some Lobster I don't want to peep people to leap out of me with knives and so forth but there are also lots of dreams involving fear or anxiety that aren't exactly nightmares have you ever had these the dream of you know you're there in your underwear and you walk into class and you realize wait I'm just in my underwear and then I start passing these things for any real oh no there's an exam and I haven't done anything to prepare or the professor's version of this dream is it's November and suddenly the Chairman comes rushing up to me and said it says no did you forget you're supposed to be teaching blank and then fill in the blank with something I know nothing about right you're you're supposed to be teaching intermediate Chinese what good they have a students in there waiting for you they've been waiting for you since August so I go running running to the classroom right and I walk in and there's a group of students but we're sitting there really pissed off because they've been sitting there waiting for me to bugs and so I walk in some of your girls um yeah this is a class in intermediate Chinese and so I write anyway that's the professor's version of that and it's not exactly a nightmare it's not like you know I'm filled with fear and I wake up like I'm gonna die it's just there's a lot of fear and anxiety associated with it or you know sometimes they're just weird or unpleasant things or events lots of times dreams have this odd quality or sometimes right it seems like it's just kind of a random replaying of the day's events and it doesn't seem like a wish be fulfilled it doesn't seem like a fear or a nightmare it just seems like random stuff so in any case all of those really would be objections to Freud's theory so what do we do about nightmares there was a German paper usually who paid a lot of nightmares and here are some of his paintings yeah that one's really disturbing you maybe I don't know anyway um yeah here's Tom pains nightmare okay well Freud to response is this we've got a distinguished vote latent from the manifest content of Dreams sometimes dreams you know put the wish fulfillment right there in the manifest content you look at what it's about yeah you're eating popcorn in the dream you're thinking oh I'm so hungry this tastes great and so it's very easy to say it's a wish fulfillment write down the service but that manifest content in some cases is quite distressing or it's just random or meaningless seemingly but there's a latent content a hidden content he says that is the wish fulfilled and so he draws a distinction very much like our two-level distinction between the manifest and scientific images in this case we've got this manifest conscious level of the dream but then we've got the latent subconscious level behind the scenes which is causing you to have that conscious experience within the tree and which explains the content of the three Phoenix so he says in cases where the wish fulfillment is unrecognizable where it's been disguised there must have existed some inclination to put up a defense against the wish and only to this defense the wish was unable to express itself except in a distorted shape so the thought is yes sometimes you have a wish that the conscious mind can happily accept you're hungry you think I would love popcorn or perhaps you think I wish someone would call me I feel so low but you know that's something because this mind can accept that's okay right but other times you have this wish that the cautious mind cannot admit can't admit to other people maybe can't admit to it and so the conscious mind sees this wish bubbling up from the summit it says oh no and presses it back down now in waking life that sensor if you will within the mind is very effective it's like a bouncer tonight right these undesirable types try to get into the conscious mind these wishes community and the bouncer said no way there's no way won't let a bit but what happens during sleep the bouncer gets drowsy the bouncer is there at the door guarding the nightclub and then dozes off now he's still strong he's standing in the doorway so the dream can't get through in its ordinary state the wish can't go through another ordinary state but it's distorted it seeps through in a slightly altered and that's the theory of dreaming so there are psychic forces in the mind what are which is constructing the wish okay it's the subconscious part it's constructing this wish somehow and that is another part that is the sensor of the bouncer if you will it forcibly brings about distortion in the expression of the way or just suppresses it all together during waking life but when it's asleep well yeah the wish can get through but in the distorted form so it permits thoughts and your consciousness sometimes happily want popcorn that's cool like you want to sleep with your mother oh so these kinds of things are going on that sort of sensor bouncer levels so the first agency says is creative dreams express wishes on its part the second agency is defensive the wishes of the first might be approved but they might also be suppressed they might dispense stories so here's the picture well actually this is a picture I found of what he has here notice here unlike the more mature theory they're only really officially these two parts the end and the ego is labeled here the it'd that source that creative part from the ego the part that is a bouncer later that gets changed but let's do it more neutrally you might say here's the creative agency here there's a sensor at the boundaries of consciousness and there's consciousness and the sensor is basically taking this wish and saying well alright well I admit you into the conscious mind here's one possibility no I will suppress you I will repress you it's called re pressure if all this happens completely unconsciously it's called suppression if consciousness is aware in some way that there's some wish that gets squished down this consciousness help the sensor push it back or not if not it's repression if yes its suppression and well there's the option of like the popcorn acceptance oh you want the conscious mind sure the sensor may allow the wish or there may be a process of distortion the sensor permits it but only in an alternative form and so that is distortion or sublimation well as I've mentioned sleep lowers the resistance of the sensor basically the bouncer gets drowsy and starts getting sloppy about lips gets allowed into consciousness and streamed okay that tells us dreams are really important actually they're a window into that subconscious mind because wishes emerging dreams that couldn't emerge in conscious waking life so what do you really want not just popcorn or lunch or something but no what are your deepest darkest most hidden desires Oh your conscious mind can't face that but dreams are the tipped dreams tell you what they are but not literally of course not just in terms of their manifest content you have to interpret them and uncover the latent content of the dream and that will give you a picture into your deepest darkest most hidden desires so again you can see these media reports this from a San Francisco newspaper mystery of dreams revealed so used it talks about Freudian theory and tells you how it works roughly it's actually not a bad room for hard core tenets it's just a little box with a larger article on the road with a burying ground okay the essential nature of consciousness then well why does it tell us something about that admission the consciousness is a separate psychic consciousness is basically he says essential good perceiving talent that originates elsewhere originates perhaps in the senses if we're simply perceiving the world but more broadly originates in subconscious processes the subconscious mind some of that itself can consist in well neural impulses and things like that that are from the senses sometimes it consists of these wishes these desires that then get expressed unaltered or in distorted forms or maybe get repressed well you can probably already see here how this is leading to the mature theory we've really got three components not just two although Freud talks in terms of two when he's writing about this in the interpretation of dreams we've got the conscious mind wake up the subconscious mind the creative part that originates these wishes and then we've got the center right we've got the bouncer at the doorway well in the mature theory of psychoanalysis that becomes a tripartite side there are three distinct parts in the mature theory the egos that just is Latin for odd it is the self it's the part that relates to the external world that decides and then acts this is what you ordinarily think of as yourself Who am I you're thinking in terms of the ego it's the part that is do we cautious decision-making that acts that perceives the external world that in general relates to the external world and so to the extent that there is a you here that isn't just a bunch of things it snapped and there's the middle-aged Freud right around 1903 actually when he was writing the interpretation of Dreams but then there was also the super-ego above the eye it observes the self and makes judgments it's something like your conscience and he says it's really an internalization of parental authority via identification you identified with your parents who are putting these external Commandments on you and you start imposing them on yourself so the conscience the super-ego is like a little parrot sitting inside your mighty kind of you should let me make you I think my parents weren't like that keep in mind Freud is Jewish so it's like a Jewish mother no why are you doing then there is the it'd be it and here's a young for unlike that super-ego old crusty Freud here's the young vigorous Freud yeah okay he's uh festive Latin forget it taking into the ego it's dark it's inaccessible their instinctual needs and desires that originate here ok it's also a source of energy and it acts according to the pleasure right so the it is the source of desire it's also basically the main engine you might say for the psyche all the energy is really coming from the end then there's the super-ego that acts something like the sensor in the early here it's the part that is moral it's saying no don't do that you want to be doing this instead no no not that not that not that this this and then there's the ego that actually has the task of acting in the world trying to recognize reality respond to the demands at the end but also the demands of the super-ego so here's a diagram of this with the German terms s which is German for it which is German for I and then D ego super-ego and here's another some nicer version of that same basic Hey okay so if the ego that is control it's interesting by the way that Freud uses the German terms but in English it always gets translated a lot I think that's curious but anyway it is controlled by the reality principle as you'll see begin that is controlled by the pleasure principle and then the super-ego is controlled by morality it's the conscience part so here's another image depicting it yeah super-ego in ego or another version I want it now I need to do it with a plan you get it Hobbit it's not right okay now what are these principles with the parts of the cell to operate on the pleasure principle desist seek pleasure go for what you want the reality principle says adapt up the external world meet its demands and then the morality of the super Eunice's do what's right so the recent life is our crisis is that the ego has to respond to all three of those things it has to meet the demands of the end it has to meet the demands of the super-ego and it has to meet the demands of the world so it actually has to adapt itself to the world given the desires of the end but also given the moral constraints supplied by the super-ego well all of this encounters a problem and beyond the pleasure and it's a problem of generated by the first world war a lot of people began going to doctors who were in the trenches and we're diagnosed with something that was called at the time of shell-shocked now the symptoms of this were various sometimes people simply was drew and did not speak did not act justice out and wouldn't do anything at all other times people reported nightmares they had recurring nightmares of terrible things that had happened on the front at other times people just had panic attacks they just started screaming as if they were in the midst of battle something terrible were happening and so there were various complaints all of these fell into the heading of what we would now call some form of post-traumatic stress disorders and it was epidemic really the trenches were incredibly difficult places to be they realized that and they would psycho people through so typically you would only be in the frontline trench for a week but the trenches were disgusting okay there was constant shelling not only by heavy artillery but by mortars there was a lot of danger even random danger even if nothing much happened during you there was no attack nothing significant still mortar shells would occasionally land nearby it was a very dangerous place to be he would basically be working all night and then trying to sleep during the day but it was very difficult to sleep you were constantly aware of the threat of death the trenches in northern France were often flooded which meant there was nowhere really to go to the bathroom dead bodies would just float around body parts would be lying around it was a disgusting horrible traumatic place and of course people would periodically and actually lose limbs themselves or be disfigured or they would see friends blown up or they would have to be dere in the trench for most of the week next to the body of their best friend that was sitting there rotting beside their their position and so on and so people had various sources of serious trauma they came in and began talking to doctors like dr. Freud well this was a difficult thing for him to explain especially the nightmares associated with post-traumatic stress disorder somebody has recurring nightmares of being there on the front line and seeing his best friend blown up for example how do you account for them it doesn't seem to be a wish fulfillment he didn't want to see his best friend blown up he certainly doesn't want to experience it again he's coming as doctor saying stop me from having these nightmares it's driving me nuts but what's the link in explanation okay on the surface well okay you don't want to see your friend blown up what's the wish that's being fulfilled Freud couldn't find it and so it's especially you actually gonna just drop him it's especially made difficult by this the energy of the in by this point in the theory is sexual now it's not really in the urge of early version of theory there are just desires of all kinds that come from being this unconscious part but later it becomes specifically sexual and that makes it especially what sexual wishes being fulfilled by your friend getting sent alone I mean that didn't make any sense and so really there was nothing at all sexual about any of this apparently so he couldn't find anything at that level now what are his options can you think of any way given his view of dreams as wish fulfillment so that he can explain these post-traumatic stress nightmares what could you do your Freud will capture this yeah ah good that seems to be very plausible your brain is trying to solve a problem here's a situation something terrible happened your brain replays it looking for another outcome right looking for a way to solve the problem but it can't solve it you're after all sitting there in the trench talking to your friend and suddenly it a random or show blows him up how do you know a phony I had will phone you at what right the brain searching for that and can't find something so one thing you could say is it is a wish fulfillment it's a wish that it turned out differently the problem is the brain can't find the escape hatch it can't find any way could have turned out different and so that would be one way in fact that seems to be a very plausible thing to say it strikes me as odd that Freud never says it but what else could you say about this ah good you could say look something has happened here right after all the person has been in some way damaged by the experience so you could say dreams are normally wish fulfillment but in this case there's some interfering factor right something has happened to the person that is either disrupting the normal function of dreaming so that it's now doing something else or maybe you want to just say there's some completely different physical mechanism that is somehow overriding this but in any case you'd stay yeah my theory is still basically right dreams or wish fulfillment ordinarily but hey look this is a case where something weird is happening ordinarily if I take my keys and brought them they fall but if somebody's installed a big magnet the ceiling and I drop them maybe that's up to the ceiling and well it's because of this ear very fact oh right the magnet so similarly here you can say there's some interfering factor is there anything else you can think to say yeah kind of like playing off like the wish to change the outcome it can also be like a wish to suppress it but your brain can't find a way to suppress it oh okay good it might be that yeah there are we two ways of developing your thought one is to say yes you have a wish that it turned out differently and the brain would like to suppress that because it knows it can't solve the problem but it just can't do it for some reason the sensor has been stunned and has shell-shocked - okay and so it keeps letting this dream come through when it really is pretty going with this the other thought is to say well it's not just wishes right that come bubbling up it's all sorts of thoughts and in this case it's this recurrent thought it's a memory basically remember that happen and the memory keeps pushing back so then you have to say well but here's why he doesn't want to say it because then he would have to say well okay dreams are fulfillments of wishes or they are experiences of memories or there could be other natures of those arrows pointing up right and trying as an unconscious mind he wants them all to be wishes and so he has to take the first version of your view and of the second or else he'll falsify his theory and of course that's the other option just say hey baby that always holds yeah okay yes so what if the super-ego is feeling guilty and the super-ego has the wish right now what would be the wish of the Supreme ha okay yeah yeah you might think look here's what you want you won your friend back okay okay that would be a simple version of what you're saying and here's a way of getting your friend back for a moment of course until your proposed object but that would be one way of doing it it could be motivated by this guilt felt by the super-ego why not me why did my friend get blown up I was right there and I'm fine or it could take a number of other versions but you're right it could be that there is some some desire connected with you know understanding why you lived and he died or just wanting to experience his presence again or something that is the underlying wave and then it takes the form that does because of the guilt felt by the super-ego so there are a variety of things that he said I could have said but yeah and actually one thing he does later say is well the dream is then attempt at the fulfillment of the wish in the new introductory lectures lectures he decides it doesn't always succeed maybe sometimes it fails which is quite plausible but here's what he really does he postulates in addition to the ordinary kinds of wishes coming from the end a desire to repeat experiences this is something like I suppose you could say the memory idea we have this desire not only to have wishes fulfilled in the ordinary sense but to repeat our experiences well that's why the person who has experienced trauma wants to repeat the trauma now is that in general truth do we have a desire to repeat experiences like you were saying like in the earlier poetry and stuff like that they were describing how spring is cool because everyone's trying to cover up what actually happen in the war oh right right like they can't just right now and so they're right that's a very interesting idea if you think of it in terms of yeah I relating it to Elliot and this idea of April being cruel because it's it's stirring the memories but people have sort of left buried and want to stay buried you could say yeah here's the problem really the trauma is like that it's one of those experiences you would like to stay buried won't stay buried and you can explain that either as well that kind of memory has its own sort of power or you could say if as Freud wants to know memories don't have power it's good there's got to be a wish of desire attach them and so why the wish or desire attaches of that particular unpleasant memory I know I can understand my designer repeat pleasant experiences but why unpleasant ones well maybe we just have a desire to eat all of them and so yeah I like that way of thinking about it because why why is the subconscious mind digging up these unpleasant painful difficult things again maybe it's because it just has this need to do it now by the way this explains a lot of contemporary psychologists think dreams are basically a a glimpse of the brain's filing system the brain is filing the events of the recent past and why would you have trouble like this because you're having trouble filing you don't know where to put it you don't know how to understand it but well also what a lot of what goes on for this point of view is this random I watched a playoff game the other day and that night I just kept replaying it in my heads if I kept just kept watching the game and so you might say oh I got a deep desire to repeat you know that experience of watching Alvarez hit the single to right field and yell yes I do but it's not just that it's you might say this general desire to or you could just say no right brains just finally I don't have a desireable with these pieces of paper again I'm just fire however Froy goes free he says ah the desire to repeat our experiences is it desire to regain the past it is a desire but then he says and so far possible enough we'd all like to be younger okay release past a certain age you might not be I'd love to be younger however he then he comes up with his grand thing be an organic matter proceeded organic matter and that means all life would really like to go back to death so he concludes with what he calls the death wish the aim of all life is death and he doesn't just mean it ends in death he means it sees that it wants to remember I said a few days ago so what is intrinsically good what is desirable Luna's of itself and somebody said death well primacy aha you were under something very deep and profound okay you're right right would say exactly now what kind of broad civilizational themes does he draw from this well he sees society is facing the same conflict we face we the ego faces this conflict between the desires of the inn and the morality of the super-ego but society does the same thing okay it's got to meet the constraints of the end in other words satisfied people's desires but also we're maintaining the rules of morality and meet the demands of the external world and that's a hard thing for a society or a civilization to do so basically his view is civilization largely consists of this structures of the super-ego at this social level in other words civilization is the thing that tells us not to do certain things so he sees much of social life as a war between the desires of the individual kids and the super-ego of the entire society civilization so civilization is basically at war with the overall happiness requires satisfying desires but we've got to suppress repress desires and the difference is just whether it's conscious or unconscious that this happens we've got to push those things back down consciously or unconsciously and that has happened at the whole social level so civilization is a way of introducing mechanisms for doing that controlling desires and civilization differs at war with the end well how does it do it primarily through guilt the super-ego has to convince the eeo to restrain it and it uses the tool of guilt that's how it doesn't so civilization and evidently meat makes us feel guilty and really in the end he says it makes us know Rob it controls us by heightening our sense of guilt which makes us neurotic and so here's this sort of longing for the uncivil I said he thinks that's inevitable in the human spirit well I'll just actually we have like one minute left so I'll just say there are a number of criticisms he makes up the social science that this feature is thought he says here's what religion is there were sons he found her father was dominating all the women so they killed her they feel guilty that's why we pray to God the Father oh okay he just makes this crime up there is a fire footnote page 37 of civilization its discontents I won't come since we have one minute I'm not going to waste on this but he basically tells you how male and female sex rules got determined by people peeing on fire he's just making it up in terms of psychoanalysis itself well it doesn't do anybody better than if you're about to revolt i drugged you were trudging me too much Carl pop your puffer points out really none of this is very scientific Einstein made predictions that then could be confirmed or disconfirm but actually Freud doesn't all you ever do is ask you ask me about my feelings and how does that make you

Channel: Daniel Bonevac

Views: 13,184

Rating: 4.8769231 out of 5

Keywords: Sigmund Freud (Author)

Id: B-jlI-MAhJg

Length: 48min 57sec (2937 seconds)

Published: Fri Oct 11 2013