First Colonies: 1565-1700 | American Colonial History | Jamestown, Plymouth, Puritans, Quakers

this presentation outlines the development of european colonies in the future united states and canada from 1565 to 1700. spain has been colonizing the caribbean mexico central america and latin america since 1492 colonization north of mexico in what is now the united states and canada began 73 years later let's zoom in to the future united states and canada the native american language and cultural groups along the atlantic ocean from north to south are algonquin which includes many nations that extend from maine and northeastern canada down the coast to the carolinas sioux language speakers are very interestingly present in the area of the carolinas so there is a linguistic connection between some of these nations here in the south and the plains people below them in present-day georgia and florida the muskogen family of nations and in the great lakes region are the iroquoian nations the pueblo are in the southwest and it's important to remember that the spanish will be coming up from mexico to the southwest spanish colonies will be shown in yellow english colonies in red french colonies in blue and dutch colonies in orange the date and the monarch of england will be shown in the bottom right hand corner let's begin in fifteen sixty five elizabeth the first is the monarch in england the first successful european foothold above mexico is the spanish colony of saint augustine founded in modern florida in 1565. 1585 sir walter raleigh founds the first english colony in north america at roanoke island in future north carolina the colony that dissolves the next year 1587 a second colony is established at roanoke island under john white the first english child born in north america is virginia dare we will zoom out for a critical world event that affects north america's colonies in 1588 the spanish armada dispatched from spain for the purpose of invading england is largely destroyed by a combination of the english fleet and harsh weather the demise of the armada means that spain is no longer the most powerful nation in the world and the armada's ruin provides england france and the netherlands with opportunities to colonize north america 1590 john white of roanoke colony returns to the colony from england with fresh supplies however he finds the colony totally abandoned with only the word croatoan scrawled on wood a reference to a local native tribe we will move back into north america and move into a new century in 1606 king james the first the same king james who authorized the english bible bearing his patronage granted a charter to the virginia company and the plymouth company to establish english colonies in north america in december of 1606 captain john smith is one of about 100 colonists who sail on the ship's susan constant the discovery and the godspeed in spring of 1607 the ships are off the coast of virginia the ships sail up a river which the crew names after king james and they found jamestown it is important to remember that when jamestown was founded in 1607 spanish saint augustine has been in operation for 42 years a second english colony set out for north america in 1607 from the plymouth company this second venture landed much farther north in modern-day maine at the mouth of the kennebec river at sagadahoc this far north colony does not last and the settlers return to england samuel de champlain of france has a fort erected at quebec the next year 1608 in 1609 yet another european power is now in play in north america the dutch are on a stage in future new york state henry hudson explores the river that bears his name in the same region the french explorer samuel de champlain furthers french interests in the northeast charting the lake in new york state that bears his name we often focus on the atlantic coast but it's important to remember that colonization is occurring in the american west as well in 1610 the spanish settled santa fe in future new mexico among the ancient civilization of the pueblo all at once four powers are suddenly active in north america the english have jamestown in 1607 the french quebec in 1608 the dutch on the hudson river in 1609 and the spanish at santa fe in 1610. but jamestown is in danger in 1610 the colony is starving pocahontas provides food assistance to jamestown's starving colonists the baron de la war arrives with more ships and settlers and the colony gets a second life 1613 john rolfe cultivates west indian or caribbean tobacco at jamestown this begins the first profitable venture in english north america it and establishes tobacco as a cash crop 1619 is a critical year at jamestown two contrasting institutions are born that year one institution is the house of burgesses which is the beginnings of representative government in north america this is contrasted by the first shipment of slaves to jamestown in that same year thus the american south contrasting traditions of representative government and slave labor are born in the same year another english venture begins in 1620 the mayflower set sail with pilgrim separatists and strangers strangers are mayflower colonists that are not a part of the separatist religious movement the mayflower separatists are actually distinct from other puritans the pilgrim separatists on the mayflower want a full separation from the church of england whereas other puritans want to purify or reform the church of england so there is a distinction between radical separatist pilgrims and puritans the mayflower lands at cape cod plymouth is founded there in the future state of massachusetts a name derived from a local native nation the wampanoag are there at came cod the mayflower compact is signed on board the ship a very early governmental document in the future united states 1622 the powhatan confederacy attacks jamestown and the colony's future is again uncertain king james wants more direct control over jamestown in 1624 the dutch established fort orange at present-day albany new york 1626 the dutch west india company establishes new amsterdam on manhattan island the lenape and other algonquian natives are present there 1630 king charles the first grants john winthrop a charter for the massachusetts bay colony one thousand puritans including women and children sail for massachusetts boston is founded this settlement is much larger than other english settlements thus far because massachusetts bay colony brings significant numbers of women and children boston and the surrounding area will have explosive growth rates in 1634 lord baltimore establishes saint mary's in maryland the first english catholic community in the americas lord baltimore argues for the free exercise of religion for both protestants and catholics 1635 the puritans established the boston latin school the oldest public school still in use in the united states a critical element that the massachusetts bay colony brings to america is an expectation that all members of society both boys and girls are expected to read the bible harvard is founded the next year in 1636 just six years after the massachusetts bay settlers first arrived puritan new england will be among the most literate societies on the planet in the 17th century also in 1636 the scholar roger williams founds providence in rhode island williams becomes fluent in algonquian while living among the narragansett natives there 1637 is a tragic year for the pequot people new englanders massacre the pequot at fort mystic in connecticut concurrently in boston anne hutchinson gains fame as a reformer who questions the power of clergy in her puritan community she and her followers leave boston for rhode island in 1638 and is very popular in many puritan men held her opinion in high regard and listened to her opinions a common theme in new england settlement is that excommunicants will bring followers to a new area and found a new community new haven connecticut is founded the same year also in 1638 swedish colonists found fort christina near modern-day wilmington darrell delaware in 1642 back across the atlantic england falls into civil war between parliament and the crown the english colonies developed more autonomy due to the disorder in england also in 1642 a french mission is founded at montreal 1647 massachusetts bay colony passes the first compulsory education law in the future united states and puritan literacy is essentially universal among both boys and girls in 1649 king charles the first is assassinated and parliament's victory over the crown will result in an england that has no king for 11 years the english civil war and the ensuing internal conflict in england means that the english colonies in america are becoming very accustomed to local rule also in 1649 the general assembly of maryland grants an act concerning religion or the act of religious toleration which grants freedom of religion for all trinitarian churches 1655 the dutch assumed control of struggling new sweden and modern delaware 1659 spanish franciscans established a mission at el paso in modern day texas charles ii restores the monarchy in 1660 marking an end to cromwell's protectorate charles ii initiates navigation acts to ensure that english colonists are sending raw goods back to england on english ships discouraging trade with the dutch or other european powers this policy is in line with mercantilism and economic philosophy that assumed a nation could only build wealth if it kept trade within its borders 1661 the puritan john elliott who has lived among the new england algonquians prints the first bible published in north america it is in algonquin so the first bible printed in the future united states was in algonquin 1664 the english capture new amsterdam from the dutchman peter stuyvesant dutch new amsterdam is now english new york dutch fort orange in upstate new york becomes english albany and fort cristina in modern delaware is also secured from the dutch for england england now controls the atlantic coast from jamestown to boston 1670 charlestown is founded in carolina the new colony named after king charles charlestown will quickly develop a labor system based on large-scale slavery similar to that employed in the sugar islands of the caribbean the cash crops in south carolina will be rice and indigo 1671 the french jesuits found a mission at saint ignace in michigan and another mission in de pere near green bay wisconsin in 1673 the french further their interior exploration jacques marquette and luis joliet travel from saint ignace to green bay wisconsin they then travel through wisconsin to the upper mississippi river and then down the river to middle arkansas also in 1673 the french established the fur trading station fort frontenac just above lake ontario in 1675 new englanders are engaged in a full-scale conflict against the region's algonquin nations this is king philip's war and the wampanoag leader metacomet or king philip leads a coalition of nations against the new englanders the percentage of the new england native population that are killed in this conflict is simply devastating for these nations concurrently with king philip's war there is also in virginia an equally destructive conflict in 1676 a wealthy landowner in virginia nathaniel bacon insists on driving out the native population while governor william berkeley is more committed to fostering stable relations with the natives bacon attacks local native groups and berkeley names bacon a rebel bacon's rebels cause widespread disruption and even attack jamestown itself bacon dies of a fever and the rebel rebellion fizzles out out west in 1680 the pueblo people revolt against spanish rule driving the spanish from santa fe 1682 william penn holding a charter to start a new colony founds philadelphia penn also has a religious vision this quaker will establish a peaceable kingdom with friendly relations with the natives and immigrants from other european countries are to be welcomed pennsylvania quickly becomes a destination for germans penn's vision of peace and tolerance between tribes nations and churches actually survives for almost 70 years also in 1682 the french explorer lasalle reaches the mouth of the mississippi river as france's water trade empire now reaches from the atlantic on both sides from the st lawrence in the northeast all the way down to the mississippi in the south 1686 the french established a trading post at arkansas post and early european bastion in the lower mississippi the infamous witch-hunt craze strikes salem massachusetts just north of boston in 1692 also in 1692 the spanish returned to santa fe however spain has learned now that it must cooperate with native nations in order to maintain its holdings in america 1699 williamsburg is established as the capital of virginia named after king william by 1700 england france and spain all have strong footholds in north america the next century we'll see these civilizations contest with one another over the continent and struggles that would shape the modern world [Music] you

Channel: Jeffrey the Librarian

Views: 915,156

Keywords: algonkian, massachussetts, massachussetts bay

Id: cr7oCIuscfw

Length: 18min 21sec (1101 seconds)

Published: Mon Apr 18 2022

Reddit Comments

[u/Stevecat032]

You forgot to mention Pensacola in 1559, but two years later was destroyed by a hurricane

[u/RuckifySpaces]

I’m in Montreal. There’s still pretty neat and old stuff kicking around here.

If anyone’s interested:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LeBer-LeMoyne_House - I believe this is the oldest one remaining from ~1669

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Sulpice_Seminary_(Montreal)

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maison_Saint-Gabriel

[u/canucksrule]

Charles I assassinated? Cromwell would be rolling over in his grave had he not been exhumed and posthumously hung, drawn and quartered.

[u/Amedais]

I had to stop when I heard the voice. It could not be more monotonous.

[u/davidreiss666]

Is is me, or does he not seem to bother even looking up the terms the Native American tribes use for themselves. But he doesn't seem to even look up the more common terms used when referring to them.

He says Siouan rather than Sioux or Oceti Sakowin. And this is complicated by the issues/arguments between the Dakota and Lakota peoples.

Likewise, he says Iroquoian instead of Iroquois. Haudenosaunee is the term they use to refer to themselves.

Native Americans tend to see the names like Sioux and Iroquois as named created for them by Europeans. And while I get why those names are still used to a certain degree, I think it's important to mention the most common terms used by those peoples themselves. The Sioux like the term Oceti Sakowin, and the Iroquois for the most part use Haudenosaunee.

I get the impression that the creator of this video knew that the more common terms are sometimes view as racist terms imposed on them by outsiders. But he doesn't seem to address the issue to any real degree except to make use of a newer term that isn't in any common usage. I don't think it really deals with any of the problems either.

I think he was looking to dodge a problem, but then leaves the whole problem unmentioned in it's entirety while choosing replacement terms that are clearly just replacements for those terms with baggage he doesn't wish to address.

[u/TrashmanInTuxedo]

I liked how you kept everything on the map. Being able to visualize it for a long time helped me comprehend on deeper level what was bejng said. Im glad you didnt flash it up on the map and take it away once you finished talking about it.

That was interesting, is there a part 2?