Female Reproductive Cycle | Ovulation & Menstrual Cycle: Overview

I ninja nerds in this video we're gonna finish up and we're gonna cover the ream female reproductive cycle and just an overview since we've already gone over in great detail okay so let's go ahead and just doing mics nice little quick recap so if you remember inside of the ovary we have what's called a diploid parent stem cell right that oh a go Neum and if you remember you have all of these at birth that you're ever gonna have for the rest of your life now what happens is before you hit puberty those Ogoni UM's are undergoing mitosis right undergoing excessive mitosis and producing tons of these little primordial follicles these primordial follicles are just primary oocytes right which have this single layer of simple squamous like follicular cells around it and it's still a primary oocytes so it's frozen in prophase one and then what happens is once you hit puberty these primordial follicles a certain amount of them due to the localized antigens in the area are converting this primordial follicle into a primary follicle right and then if you remember what happens to that primary follicle he gets converted into an early secondary to a late secondary into a graafian who triggers that okay we got to come up the hypothalamus if you remember in the hypothalamus there was the arcuate nucleus and then there was the preoptic nucleus once you hit puberty they start releasing gunatit rope and releasing hormone this ganado troponin releasing hormone stimulates the anterior pituitary of these ganado Tropes right to release FSH and LH now FSH what is it gonna do it's gonna stimulate the conversion of a primary follicle into an early secondary and early secondary into a late secondary and then a late secondary into a graafian follicle so what is it doing it's causing if you notice this is a single layer this is multiple layers that's more layers has some follicular fluid and then a lake so what is it doing it's causing mitosis or proliferation of the granulosa cells it's causing this pink membrane right there when it goes from a primary to early secondary at leads to the formation of a zona pellucida which is also in late secondary in graafian it also is going to cause the formation of these pockets of follicular fluid and lekha follicular fluid which is rich in hyaluronic acid and if you remember is responsible for converting not only when it goes from primary to early secondary late secondary and graafian it forms a sturgeon right at least to the production of estrogen and that was all occurring during what face the follicular phase which was days 1 to 14 right and who was the primary stimulus FSH and who else was released during this time period LH right so luteinizing hormone it's actually acting on these cycle cells these maroon or violet like cells and what is it doing if you remember we had that diagram with the thecal cells where the thecal cells doing whenever they receive the stimulation from LH they were converting cholesterol into androgens like androstenedione then the antigens went into the nearby granulosa cells and FSH was acting on those granulosa cells doing what converting those androgens into estrogens via the aroma taste enzyme right and it was working all of these steps ok and that is again occurring during days 1 through 14 now what were some of the byproducts of these reactions I told you during their follicular phase it was estrogen right well estrogen gets put into the blood and around mid follicular phase so day 7 day day 9 around that time period estrogen levels in the blood rise and look what happens when it gets to mid follicular phase it comes up to the hypothalamus and inhibits the pre optic nucleus in the arcuate nucleus from releasing GnRH it also inhibits the anterior pituitary from releasing FSH and LH if you release less FSH and loss LH are you going to produce as much estrogen no so as your lobes begin to come down but guess what these cells specifically the graphene is still producing large amounts of estrogen and this estrogen levels rise again but it arises again towards the late part of the follicular phase so like de 13 de 40 maybe even day 15 as those estrogen levels rise again look what happens they do something really funky they stimulate the actual preoptic nucleus in the arcuate nucleus to release massive amounts of GnRH and they actually stimulate the what the anterior pituitary to release massive amounts of FSH and LH but if you noticed FSH is actually going to be inhibited so we're not even going to really release FSH who's inhibiting this FSH remember the graafian follicle as the graafian follicle is actually nearing day 14 it releases in heaven B and inhibin b comes to the anterior pituitary and actually shuts off the production of FSH that way the only hormone is being produced around the actual mid follicular phase going into ovulate or e phases luteinizing hormone and you make so much luteinizing hormone that they call it the LH surge and what does luteinizing hormone do if you remember remember I had you have blood vessels underneath the ovary here and it was increasing the permeability as though the blood vessels on this side to pressurize the follicle and make more follicular fluid and then over in this area it was activating proteolytic enzymes to cut around the tissues so that we could pop that secondary oocyte which was frozen in metaphase to out and then eventually into the fallopian tubes right what else was Ellie doing not only did it trigger ovulation which is normally at around days 14 or 15 but it was also converting this ruptured graafian follicle the corporate summer had to come into the corpus luteum which is now we're getting ready to go into the luteal phase days 15 to 28 right and what is luteinizing hormone doing it's stimulating the corpus luteum to produce progesterone okay so now let's follow this estrogen and let's follow this progesterone and see its effects on the actual menstrual cycle now if you remember the menstrual cycle it was consisting of three phases the menstruation phase which is days 1 to 5 the proliferative phase which is days 6 through 14 and the secretory phase which is days 15 through 28 okay menstruation phase you remember it was defined as the shedding or the sloughing off of the endometrial lining but specifically what part of the endometrium do you remember the endometrium is consisting of two different types of like sub layers or strata one was the stratum function Alice it was the inner layer this was the layer that was getting shed and what else was getting shed with it the spiraling corley arteries that ruptured right then underneath that one you have the stratum ViSalus it's the basal layer this is the one that does not get shed and it primarily is consisting of nice straight arteries and one of these arteries branches off the branches of the uterine arteries which are branches of the internal iliac arteries right now around menstruation you shed the stratum function Alice with the spiraling core the arteries then what happens what what days are we on now after that day six through fourteen what was the primary hormone made in significant amounts during that follicular phase again estrogen what is estrogen gonna do you remember he's actually going to proliferate and regenerate that stratum function Alice layer regenerate those spiraling coily arteries that are supplying it make a lot of actual uterine glands not secreted from the uterine glands but just make a lot of uterine glands and what else was it doing it was causing a thin cervical mucus production within the cervix of the uterus why so that it was easier for the sperm cells to move up through there right also allows for them to get capacitated which we talked about in fertilization so the cervical mucus production is very very thin okay then what happens as we get to that point of day 14 we reach ovulation right so now all Asian occurs and then again what happens luteinizing hormone converts the rupture gravity and follicle into the corpus luteum and then tells the corpus luteum to start producing what hormone primarily progesterone now I didn't mention this before but there is tiny amounts of FSH that's also released and that can stimulate the corpus luteum to make a little bit of estrogen but very very small amounts primarily progesterone now progesterone what is he doing - the actual uterus he's even making in the stratum function Alice even thicker so he's actually causing it to proliferate even more it's making more of those spirally and coyly arteries it's also causing the cervical mucus production to switch into more of a thick cervical plug to prevent anything from being able to get up into the uterus where the developing embryo might possibly be on top of that what else was there doing it was stimulating those uterine glands to start producing a broth or fluid rich in glycogen lipids and proteins which provide a nutritive source for the possible developing embryo okay and then you remember what happens as you start getting to the point if fertilization does not occur so fertilization does not occur in other words the sperm doesn't actually fertilize the egg and don't form an embryo that implants what happens it doesn't release human chorionic gonadotropin if human chorionic gonadotropin is not produced the corpus luteum begins to degenerate and turns into the corpus albicans and it stops producing progesterone progesterone levels are very very significant important for the actual spiraling core the arteries do you guys remember why it causes the normal vasoconstriction and relaxation of the actuals the actual blood vessels the spiraling core the arteries so whenever progesterone level actually decreases it causes those those vessels to spasm and eventually the contract relaxed contract relaxed and eventually they rupture and you ever what happens whenever they rupture the blood starts accumulating within the stratum function Alice okay whenever two key minutes within the stratum function Alice they don't get enough oxygen or nutrients what happens those stratum function au cells become ischemic and then the chronic and then eventually what happens it gets shed out and then what happens you start the phase back over at menstruation and we also said one last thing obviously a normal female reproductive cycle is at least 28 days but again not every one cycle is completely perfect we say if it's at at least 21 days you get little buffers to bind to about 21 days anything less than 21 days is now pathological again you get a little bit of buffer greater than 28 days to about 40 days if it's greater than 4 days is now pathological okay alright guys so we covered a lot about the female reproductive cycle this was a nice overview I really hope that it made sense I hope would tide a lot of the concepts together I hope he has really enjoyed it um an engineer's I just wanted to make a little announcement I hope that you guys would just you know hit that like button and continue to hit those hit those like buttons for our videos leave any comments that you guys want us to do any new videos anything that you guys are interested in we really want to hear from you guys also hit that subscribe button it really helps us to help you guys alright engineer its until next time [Music] you [Music]

Channel: Ninja Nerd

Views: 519,917

Keywords: female reproductive cycle, ovulation and menstrual cycle, ovulation, menstrual cycle, overview

Id: CwgaFwHJM4g

Length: 11min 4sec (664 seconds)

Published: Wed Jan 10 2018