Do Gamma Ray Bursts Solve the Fermi Paradox? with Dr. James Annis

this video is sponsored by world of warships as we stare out at the great wilderness that is the Milky Way galaxy one thing stands out we see no one else at least so far this has led to one of the more intriguing and perhaps even probable solutions to the Fermi paradox that we humans are very early in the game and have only just appeared right at the time that such a civilization is possible in the galaxy this idea that there is or was something out there that simply reset any surface life on exoplanets up until this point that has since declined in frequency enough for us to exist is one of the solutions that's gaining traction within the astrobiology my guest today has advanced just such a solution that gamma-ray bursts may have been the culprit and as they decline we may see a blossoming of intelligence in the universe as it finally becomes safe for intelligent life you have fallen into event horizon with John Michael Gautier [Music] [Music] in today's episode John is joined by dr. James anis juncture anis is a senior scientist at the Center for particle astrophysics at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory his current research is measuring the parameters of the cosmology model using clusters of galaxies the weak lensing they cause and their effect on the Cosmic Microwave Background his research also includes measuring the local expansion rate of the universe using optical observations of gravitational wave sources he joined the Sloan Digital Sky Survey in 1993 as a postdoc he helped found the dark energy survey in 2003 James Ennis welcome to the program well thank you thanks for inviting me Oh Jim in 1999 you authored a paper detailing a solution to the Fermi paradox one of many many which you know users I've heard of tens and tens of solutions to this but yours is interesting because it's Astrophysical in nature and says that well maybe there was something gamma-ray bursts present in the universe that made it dangerous and that intelligent life was not possible here until now or not possible in the Milky Way at large can you give us an overview of that sure I'm gonna start with the Fermi paradox I know your listeners I've heard this before but it's the starting place and that leads me into the question of time so the Fermi paradox essentially is that the galaxy is quite old ten thousand million years but it doesn't take very long for a spacefaring civilization to go across it at any decent speed even or earth orbital speeds takes maybe ten thousand years to get to the next star over that sounds like a long time but that's not a long time to cross the galaxy costigan like a hundred million years we're not used to thinking about time that way we're not very good at it but the astronomers are mister murrs tend to work in units where the number is one like one age of the universe or 1 billion years I'm gonna work in millions of years because a million years is a lifespan and of the most massive star and its lifespan of a species this kind of the right lights timescale for this problem and in this problem if it takes a hundred million years to cross the galaxy but the galaxy is ten thousand million years old that's practically no time at all if intelligent life becomes spacefaring civilization then you should cross galaxy like a wildfire seen by the galaxy and that's a problem because there's not a whole lot of evidence that ever happened our idea of what time is is based on human timescales a century a century as long we're looking for big you know proof of some theory but in astronomy a million years of nothing it just doesn't mean anything to us the hundred million years are getting there like the galaxy takes 200 million years to rotate that might not be relevant but it is if you're just diffusing across the galaxy star by star because that's what you do as a spacefaring race the galaxies rotation itself would smear out your culture your planets that you have reached the Stars you have seen in a smear pattern around the whole thing in two hundred million years it's just pretty easy for a spacefaring civilization to cover a galaxy in a short amount of time yet we see absolutely no evidence that it has you know the the solar system appears to be exactly as it formed you know we don't we look out which so far we don't see radio signals we don't see giant alien mega structures no evidence of anyone out there and this has been called the great silence that we simply see no evidence of anyone except ourselves it's probably natural look very wild looking out there I mean it may be a bit under appreciated if you look around the solar system it's more than it doesn't look like this evidence for the today these days people are looking for single probes or this great idea I heard was to use lunar orbiter data to go looking for a non Apollo artifact on the moon it'll be Soviet spacecraft they'll be a Chinese spacecraft it was anything else you can see but if the we you have to understand on a million year timescale if there were aliens had moved to the solar system and we're here for a million years the sausage' would look nothing like what we're seeing it would be engineered and be tamed it would look vastly different than rubble piles that we see from the moon to most of the asteroids you know the most exotic thing in the slow system might be Miranda and even that looks like a reconstituted rubble cloud and if you move out into the other rest of the galaxy it's the same thing it just looks natural and I mean we're I'm an observer I study galaxies by trade by craft that's what I've been doing for my entire career as observers we have a whole bunch of these exotic galaxies we keep them in our pockets we talk about them one is hogs object and it's this giant ring of gas and stars around the galaxy and there's things called polar ring galaxies that's more stars around the ring galaxy and that's like NGC six60 to give you a code number you can google and see these things you look at them and they look natural it looked they don't look engineered even though they're exotic galaxies there's this great galaxy in Virgo if you look at it it's NGC 475 3 go look in the center if it has these dust lanes but those things even they they look like Alyssa do pattern but that turns out to be really easy to produce and you throw galaxies into each other when we look around you know as a scientist we want to interpret everything is natural and we do that well but if you just look at the images the the the solar system the galaxy the nearest galaxy siii I'll look while the natural like may not been touched by engineers now to flip that around what would you expect an altered galaxy to look like well the classic one is that you imagine the civilization that wants to use star light to power whatever endeavor it's up to Dyson actually imagine just pleading Earth's around stars and just having earth-like planets taking up most of the light from the star you could do that over most of a galaxy and then you get a dim galaxy that had the normal mass and have a lot of waste heat coming out around 273 Kelvin we don't see those you've looked Jason right to this great search for dim galaxies with waste heat and didn't find a single one now is it possible to though that there are certain types of galaxies that just would not be habitable is that is that an option that maybe perhaps a majority of galaxies just couldn't even have a civilization because of too much radiation or something along those lines putting aside explosions for the second it doesn't look to me like most galaxies are very different than our galaxy and in our galaxy it looks to be a wide range of galactic centric radii are fine for habitable planets and therefore for life barring places I sort of don't think that we are positioned to rule out habitable planets in galaxies that sister a lack of imagination of my point my point of view now in your paper you go into the idea that maybe everything up until this point was simply getting sterilized presumably by a gamma-ray bursts can you go into that sure be happy to so we're back to this timescale issue the galaxies 10,000 million years old and only takes a hundred million years to basically fill it up if you're moving at anything like space velocities of 0.1 or put 0 1 C so that suggests that if life forms anywhere and that it's easy therefore to make intelligent life and space bearing life then the galaxy should be full of spacefaring civilizations we don't see that so you have a time scale problem how do you cut the time scales down how do you cut ten thousand million years down to and a couple hundred million years maybe a billion years a thousand million years that is not unreasonably done you are getting at the idea of a galactic have the building zone has to do with the production of middle rich stars and my point of view metal-rich stars formed super early in Richville galaxies in the first billion years the bulk of star formation universes in the first two thousand three thousand million years so for life in galaxies because universe is still ten thousand million years so how do you how do you cut that time scale down if you could cut that time scale down then you might have a solution to the great silence the Fermi paradox one approach is to imagine explosions do it supernovae were thought of first supernova is either where a star collapses innards collapse that to a neutron star or a black hole the outskirts blow up or this mass transfer from a star to a white door which then detonates those aren't anywhere near powerful enough to affect anything more than a local regime few hundred light years at most but gamma ray bursts gamma ray bursts could do again reverse ours energetic as supernovae but they don't produce the energy and neutrinos like supernovae do they produce energy as a beam jet a being jet of energy has lots of features to it not least as a long term travel at high energy density my energy as the D jet could be considered a weapon in fact you could consider a weapon to wipe out life of in star systems across tens of thousands of light years tens of thousands of light years is a galaxy scale now so if you imagine gamma-ray burst can sterilize planets that's a big gift we have to come back to that then you must start talking about well do they happen how often do they happen if they're once per galaxy per 10,000 million years that's not sufficient that's too rare but it turns out that almost every scenario for a gamma-ray burst usually they're young stars current scenarios involve young stars magnet ours follow the star formation history of the universe the star formation history of the universe was mapped out about 20 years ago and it's known that most stars were formed the universe with about two thousand three thousand Giga years there's a echo effect it may be delay time between when the stars were formed and a gamma ray burst forms a short gamma-ray burst certainly neutron star mergers almost certainly in all cases they may have a few hundred a few thousand million year delay time but the long in ray bursts the ones are really talking about almost certainly follow the star formation history now our galaxy still forming stars about one solar mass per year so star formation is still ongoing it's just a lot lower than it was ten thousand million years ago if gamma-ray bursts follow that they were much more common in the early universe and much less common recently one mismo model gives a rate of about one per galaxy per hundred million years now that's the right timescale now we're talking if M verse can sterilize large sections of a galaxy once every hundred million years didn't you have a way to cut the time span down instead of ten thousand million years to fill a galaxy you might have a hundred million years of filler galaxy then is dicey if any galaxy will have a reasonable galactic spanning life spacefaring life that's the heart of this we need to talk about where the gamma Reapers can actually do this but in my mind this is like another scientific endeavor in which there is a great scenario without a good mechanism that's inflation deflation is this thing that happens in the early universe we're seeing actually well before the formation of elements the universe expands at greater than Lightspeed and quantum fluctuations are blown up into large-scale structure in our universe that solves the geometry of the universe it makes it nice and Euclidean flat it solves oh maybe universe why is it the same in every direction if we look isotropic in universe um and when it's a standard feature modern cosmology but there's no known mechanism the closet there's no known particle field that causes inflation it's a scenario looking for a mechanism in my mind this has a biological phase transition model that we're talking about is rather like that if there is a mechanism suppress the formation of spacefaring civilizations until that slowly decays the universe so that the mean time between suppressions after eons becomes long compared to how long it takes for life to become a complex enough to form intelligent life and then to form spacefaring life then give it a mechanism to explain the great silence in rebirths are the leading idea for but they're not a very successful or be great they're very energetic they're very nice but detail doesn't quite work and we can go into that now before we do that this idea of sterilizing a planet NOW could a gamma-ray burst if sufficiently close actually sterilize a planet or is this more of a question of atmosphere he's destroying an ozone layer like with earth or something like that what is the way that the gamma-ray burst would actually cause an extinction the easiest ways is to knock out the ozone layer and then you get UV photons and you looked at UV photons from the Sun actually just kill off life on the surface that wouldn't kill sea based life it would certainly kill anything that was in the photon field from a G star so what stars like ours would kill off life it may not be true for the redder stars the cooler stars they may not have enough UV photons who actually do not a secondary way is to produce is this the Jets themselves the gamma-ray burst Jets have new jetted particles to cause a new on cascade in the atmosphere and the muons can cause fetal damage that's less likely so there's a really that really sterilized the planet no it just doesn't maybe the muon flux would but the muon the idea that gamma ray bursts Jets can cause a muon shower in the atmosphere relies on closer proximity to the gamma ray burst than Gary Brooks jest knocking out the ozone layer it was a little bit less like it just turning off the UV flux no letting allowing the UV flux from the Sun to hit our ecosystem would have disastrous consequences for animals on the surface probably maybe for the shallows in the ocean but I would do nothing to the deep-sea vents for example so sterilizing wrong word that's interesting because then you say the people that are looking at exoplanets and said you know as we move further with better equipment like the James Webb telescope and such and we can start trying to characterize these worlds wouldn't it make more sense to look at worlds that have a lot of liquid water an ocean meaning that there's more survivability for life on a planet with a lot of ocean space as opposed to say just a lot of land masses wouldn't it make sense to look at that because those planets would be favored to have life that survived the gamma ray bursts yes but there's lots of reasons to favor ocean ocean world's waters great for life I mean you don't need to reach for gamma ray bursts being a problem for ground-based life I so back to deep-sea vents deep sea vents are great I mean they're warm they're nutrient rich and life likes them on the earth the odds of them being on Enceladus or Europa are really high that's I mean that's the most likely scenario for life on those two moons there's lots of reasons to look for icy planet or for ocean bearing planets now that's interesting if you have that scenario I shall worlds like Europa and in solos they would be impervious to gamma ray bursts wouldn't they I mean getting through that ice they would just see no effect at all right well there's no ozone layer example nothing the meanwhile our could probably do it it depends on details it what I can't report on is the detailed structure of a jet from a gamma-ray burst what kind of particle flux it produces and whether that would cause a muon shower in the atmosphere or on the ice world we just don't understand those Jets well enough yet now this all leads to an explosion of intelligence in the future starting effectively now so we could end up with the universe that the older it gets the more intelligent it gets as far as civilizations spanning it so is there anything that you can think of that would get in the way of that meaning that are the gamma ray bursts just gonna continue to get more and more sparse or at least the ones we're told type we're talking about the no longer camera versed I'm a person giving their and they're becoming less luminous everything about them goes from the right direction so if they're if they are the suppression field if there is what are so in my mental model of this they're not really they're not really sterilizing planets gamma-ray bursts are really good at killing off ground-based life they're not so great at killing off ocean based life and so it's in Earth's history it's common for animals to migrate species by species from the from the ocean to land back to the ocean of back the land species just do that over tens of millions of years I could you know seems to me that a gamma-ray burst in the Earth's prior history would be a mass extinction and the earth the ground-based up would just be repopulated from the oceans so the fact that they're becoming more rare and less powerful just suggest that the ecosystems on the land have enough time to grow fill the miche's explore their more outlandish body plans find out new things that work as life does in the general ecological and evolutionary system so it's pretty clear looking at life on Earth that is getting more and more complicated so you have to avoid the idea of progress or better but being complicated isn't necessarily better that looks like life on Earth is getting more and more complicated you know from one cell the multi-celled from sponges to plants to animals there's one idea I really loved back in the late 90s was this idea that the more complex phyla can support large or larger organisms and so anyone can go back to the fossil record and look at the sizes of the largest animals in be given epoch and geological time and it turns out the largest one is the blue whale means it's alive now it's a mammal it was the dinosaur and certainly wasn't meant to be an oarfish as a metric for complexity you have a thing in the geological record don't let you see complexity rising as well as just looking at the the body layout some of the more exotic creatures that existed in each geological epoch so this idea that complexity is getting more in the universe and that's anti-entropic the light seems to be anti-entropic so what are we left with we're left with this idea that was a suppression field turning that resets a clock evolutionary clock over and over again while in the ocean say beyal are getting more complicated at least they were like on earth they grew fish ish were more complicated than the worms and the other low forms using a bad terminology that existed until the suppression field became long became longer than a couple hundred million years and then the land creatures would start to get large and complex mean my paper I was I was enthralled was idea that dinosaurs in all the reptiles now associated with that class were extremely successful it lasts for 200 million years and they filled every single ecological niche you could imagine they may or may or not have been intelligent but they didn't produce a civilization that could modify the environment in sync in a big way and mammals lived with them for a hundred million years and they really didn't do anything while the dinosaurs filled most of the missions in the mammals failed small Nicias burrowing Nicias scavenger missions but when an asteroid strike took out the dinosaurs vulcanism asteroids and bad luck took out the dinosaurs and mammals could actually explore all the different ecological niches and explore body plans explore how to survive they got more complicated when we took 70 million years couple of primates and primates led to our intelligence not a hundred million but 70 million which I find interesting now the you know what primate intelligence isn't the only way to get intelligence I've heard you mention before I have certainty is my octopi they're really smart and they're mollusks there's nothing to being with my mate they don't even have a vertebrae completely the phylum but they're plenty smart but they don't look like they're gonna produce a metal smelting industry anytime the next million years just doesn't see me what what they're designed for which is that that's another solution is burning paradox is that most life is locked in oceans it might be very intelligent but it's stuck there because it can't launch rockets can't launch rockets now we're on a high end a trusty old planet scale so we're close to the edge of being able to launch rockets but we're able to do it I don't know I mean to me this is I I mean to me we have like at least many different classes but very intelligent creatures on earth those primates there's birds and there's octopi it seems to me that intelligent life is pretty easy to form and then we get into what intelligence means for the purpose of this conversation is can we make spacecraft and we haven't gotten out of the solar system yet other than with probes now this idea that you mentioned that life is anti-entropic meaning that it gets more complex as time goes on at least if with our sampling of one here on earth that that makes a question what what does life end up and you know what is Earth gonna look like a hundred million years from now especially with a technological civilization on it that can alter evolution so could it simply be that the solution the Fermi paradox is that once you get to a certain level of complexity you become unrecognizable as life sure I mean so whenever I come up here this kind of argument I mean it's absolutely respectable and it makes absolute sense I'm just left with so you're a spacefaring civilization you start moving up to different stars after million years your species evolved to different species probably in all directions so now you have a big diversity of species maybe most of them go that way maybe most of them become crystalline structures that don't need to move and aren't really visible by looking at nebe communes but now it takes a few do to keep on this path of going through the galaxy so that besides that you would see them I mean the thing that we're looking for is not may not even be the average spacefaring civilization it's just the ones that are expanding I lose this I think of a server big this is idea no it's Jason right he has this idea that we get into this monocultural fallacy we think of a basically the British Empire taking over the galaxy and really it would be if the star lavas one species by time had got halfway around the galaxy be many many many many species probably pursuing different ends each one a different animal in different ways and at some point it becomes difficult to tell what is a different species because if you have a a civilization that's genetically modifying itself or its creating custom custom genetics completely out of nowhere you start to lose the ability of being able to tell what is actually alien or what was once related to you at some point especially as you go out into the galaxy this gets much worse over time good luck the paleontologists they have a hard time understanding species on earth they're not static things they're not well-defined they merge into each other we're just saying that technologically he can make that much more interesting absolutely and you could end up say say humans head out into the galaxy and settle it over you know X million years then they stay isolated from each other because of distance eventually you can't really tell you know 100 million years from now you can't really tell that you're related to this other species that's halfway across the galaxy this million year times species are about in linear time scales and I don't think you I don't think I don't think I can imagine humans being humans at 4 million years we'd be to just be something else that's just how evolution works even this technologically-driven though being just but a million years again I'm lead years so if there was a million year civilization in the source of them so still look nothing like it does now it's just too long maybe so engineer I continue to be enthralled by how natural whole galaxy looks well even even in terms of simple simple resources we look at the asteroids you know the meteorites that are falling and they're full of all sorts of really valuable stuff like iridium and difference you know platinum things like that you if someone had been here they probably would have taken that by now yeah yes exactly or out in the Kuiper belt where the water is yeah so it's so everybody why am i riffing on this we imagine a scenario where civilization is moving through the galaxy slow in billionaire timescales and they're becoming different creatures as they move that technologically and by genetic drift they're becoming different things in all directions and yet if it's they really survived and Chamillionaire timescales they're using up the resources of the star systems they're going to but most of the SETI and artifact community speaks of is of small probes nanoprobes things that don't consume your resources or much and that's just to get away from how natural all this stuff looks I'm not getting this I'm not convinced that life that does mean soul on earth I all come back to this on earth life seems to take onto every single dish that it can fill and then so keeps on trying to fill other ignitions over and over again when they're successful or not and I just think that's what's going to go on in the galaxy too and the fact that we thought that's just not obvious you're stunning so that's why I'm drawn to this idea of a phase transition where the universe this galaxy may not have a billion years of space during civilizations in it but the odds of us being that burst or the zeroeth only one is nil the Copernican principle is very strong in astronomy this idea that we're on average just common we're not special or not but yeah no special place universe we're not the result of special processes the things that happen to get us here maybe roles of dying to be rewrite history you'll get a different rolls of the dice that doesn't mean that things like us are not easy to get to convergent evolution so how can it be that universe that this galaxy could be full of things up or like earth-based life-forms and yet we don't see the super long history of spacefaring civilizations and that's the phase transition idea where where there might have been life in the galaxy for ten billion years five billion years ten thousand million years but spacefaring civilizations are new relatively because it took so long that complex life forms on the ground complex life Thrones that can build metalworking tools that I can build spacecraft that can start expanding through the galaxy slowly that may take hundred million years so be suppressed things for every ten million years for ever and then finally becomes 101 years or 300 million years all of a sudden all around the galaxy those life-forms on these all these planets are started learning how to express complexity in their genetic makeup and in their body plans they all be waking up looking at the night sky looking at the Stars saying we need to go there and one day we'll find when we get there with just like we're doing maybe maybe they happened 10,000 years ago help me be to me maybe the first one the galaxy was a hundred million years ago and it's half way moving through the galaxy that has certain issues might be able to see them by now we haven't seen anything but it's at least better than we're alone which is makes us exalted in some exotic way which doesn't seem to be true of any physical process that we know of the universe or were the first which seems also unlikely you certainly can't be the last why are we in Christene looking galaxy well phase transitions something that suppresses spacefaring civilizations sort of reminds one of Star Trek where everybody's starting out and heading out at roughly the same technological level and maybe somebody might be a little bit more advanced but maybe not and then lots of people would be less advanced and you know and so on so that it's sort of this awakening period in the Milky Way where everybody finally can achieve intelligence on suitable worlds and and begin to head out but this this sort of bolster is the case for SETI because if somebody else is just discovering radio you know and saying well let's send a signal out there then you know this might be the time to look for that exactly I mean there is a time scale argument there's problems its civilizations you know on average lasts for ten thousand years then when you're looking they may not be transmitting in the radio but those are all problems that are technical can be worked on give enough stars looking enough places you're gonna find the by outage anyway it's a really strong argument for doing this traditional SETI work that you know we can do it for 50 years now you also mention to that nature doesn't really like anything that's unique and you know usually you always find examples of you know you find something and then you find other examples of it you know stars doing strange things or whatever it would seem really really odd if we were alone because we would be a one-off and nature really doesn't seem to like that sort of thing so that alone would suggest that the Fermi paradox solution is that no there's life everywhere it's just that its intelligence is merely rare or at least right now now regarding extinctions though through gamma-ray bursts as I recall one of Earth's extinctions extinction events may have been a gamma-ray burst that's on the table for having been a cause because apparently much of the planet was was sterilized to a few meters down in the ocean and anything that was deep lived but anything that was shallow did not so is there any other examples of mass extinctions in Earth's history where maybe a gamma-ray burst was involve well that would be the most recently I think that's a Permian extinction event and that was a couple hundred million years ago before that it's ocean-based and so there isn't I mean what are you looking for you looking for died off and them shallows and the oceans now I'm not aware of it you know it's worth reminding ourselves that the dinosaurs were killed by extraterrestrial event gamma-ray bursts are one of many extraterrestrial events that can affect us here on earth solar flare giant solar flares could can be present a real problem especially to a technological civilization I even - or not so mass extinctions tend to wipe out the larger creatures well you're left with or mice if you're lucky it takes a long time to build back up from that you know tens of millions of years I can't think of another remind mine the Permian is the best candidate for a mass extinction caused by a gamma-ray burst because it did have that kind of feature where most all the land-based and a lot of their sea base animals died off but the other master seeks is what they've been five mass extinctions for mass extinctions had the feature that they killed off most land-based creatures but not all and they slowly the ecosystem he gained his complexity and the missions got filled again I'm okay with that I'm not sure gamma-ray bursts are it's just sort of rare I mean it's earth and supernovae are less rare but they're not you have to be a lot closer to cause damage so I you know following the way I tend to think what would be what would he be the evidence you're looking for and in asteroid strikes is the ring iridium layer that gives you the evidence that there was something from outside the earth that causes it goes to volcanoes can burst and supernova supernova what might give you radioactive tracers on asteroids Upland could look for the camera burst you know it depends a lot of what the jet looks like what the details of the jet particle structure is what they do when they interact with matter so my guess is we'd want to go to the probably to the ice balls but maybe to the rocks either the Komets of the asteroids and start looking at them looking at the surface players versus the deep layers and see if you can find traces of a bed soon enough this is new Dark Matter model right we're looking for the dark matter by looking at fossils by looking at old rocks it's a it's an idea that has come back to fruition and we might actually gain some technology is from the darkness that allow us to touch this that was actually of great interest to me is the idea that you can study dark matter looking at minerals now my last question for you is could we still get hit by a gamma-ray burst is this still a threat to us could we go extinct if one of these yeah go off nearby the simple answer is yes the odds are low thoughts are always low for that kind of thing but they're just a lot less common now than it used to be you had to get unlucky so my money on the extinction event think humans wouldn't rely on a gamma-ray burst it bugged you more like a solar flare is it possible now solar flare of course is a completely different animal but is it possible for a civilization to shield itself from a gamma-ray burst should they know that these two neutron stars or whatever are going to merge if they have sufficient time can you avoid extinction sure so yes so that's one of the features of the model like look together you have to do it before you get hard to have Type three civilizations things that can harness any large fraction of a stellar energy or galaxies energy almost certainly can shield themselves you know got one side of the planet burrow down if you're spacefaring you just leave the area may take a while you can have you know assuming arbitrarily advanced technology then you can reproduce yourself it's not your memories we've reduced yourself by using genetic technologies so you put yourself in the ground in a genetic form and a database form wait for I don't know a million years then reconstitute youself and upload you from the database yeah so you're yet to do is is suppress civilizations before they get that an advanced you have to make sure you don't get that happening five hundred five thousand million years ago so you would see it all over the galaxy already you must make sure that all spacefaring civilizations get wiped out regularly all the time because once they form and they get this arbitrarily advanced technology yeah sure they get sure that you have no feel some way now that's a dangerous galaxy because then if you have one top dog the earliest presumably the earliest civilization saying we're going to suppress everybody then you're in a completely different solution to the Fermi paradox that's this is more in the dark forest territory where something is out there that just keeps everybody down and I think that's actually she was scarier than a camera first yeah I think so too I mean that there a way I heard it phrase the first time was in nature young and don't yell they don't scream they're very very quiet human babies scream bloody murder because the humans are the biggest threat in the ecosystem the apex predator in general humans in in the local universe are acting like human babies were just shouting out into the universe like here here we are look at us are we great that's no one else is doing that that seems it seems like that could be dangerous I found that argument interesting and a little bit scary it's hard to imagine human civilization as a progenitor of life in the galaxy we would be the great old ones that's so long as we haven't gone extinct could end up the older siblings in a future galactic community maybe we will be the intelligent advanced and lighten civilization that sorts out the problems of the galaxy some of these new species we may meet may be completely unrelated to us or still others may be creations entirely of our own design or even uplifts of creatures who well otherwise intelligent like the physiology or ability for space travel or even technology what odd dreams of the future we face what are you doing I'm playing my favorite game because this is a game that I really love and enjoy if you're into Nabal architecture history which is my other great love besides science or just a great game this is perfect and it's free to download and play hold of warships are free to play game for PC and Mac man some of history's most iconic ships on unlock new ships as you prepare to dominate the oceans with over 300 detailed warships customizations and upgrades frequent events and whether there's enough to satisfy players of all levels my favourite ship to play is the USS Atlanta but there are also destroyers other cruisers battleships and carriers each of them with their own mechanics and gameplay use the link in the description below with the code ready for battle 2020 to get started with a free package of 700 doubloons a million credits seven 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Channel: Event Horizon

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Keywords: Why is there a great silence?, fermi paradox, enrico fermi (academic), physics (field of study), aliens, ufo, space, alien, science, solution, great filter, documentary, universe, kardashev scale, interstellar, galaxy, astrobiology, exobiology, extraterrestrial, life in the universe, exoplanet, dyson sphere, proxima b, kic 8462852, asmr, john michael godier event horizon, event horizon, Solutions to the Fermi Paradox, gamma ray bursts, neutron stars, James Annis, answer to the fermi paradox

Id: qXG0HthyGpI

Length: 46min 47sec (2807 seconds)

Published: Thu Mar 26 2020