Creating A Simple LAN using Packet Tracer

you hello this is Nick Andre your at-home instructor walking you to another videocast in this videocast I will demonstrate how to create a local area network using packet tracer to begin I'm going to come down here to lower left corner of my screen and click on the end device icon if you're not sure what that icon is you can hover over each one of them and somewhere over here is you'll tell you what it is the end device icon can be located at the lower left corner it's the first icon in on the second row when I click on that icon I should get a list of other devices or tools that I can add to my workspace I'm going to click on the very first generic tool it should be a PC once I click on that my cursor changes to a little black plus symbol I'm going to click anywhere on my workspace to drop PC zero on to the work canvas all right according to our reading a network is two or more devices connect together so I need to add another device here so I'm going to come back down here to tool palette click on the generic PC and I'm going to add PC one somewhere near PC zero we need to connect these two together the way I'm going to connect these two together through a intermediary device known as a switch so let me come back down here to tool palette on the first row second icon in from the left if I click on that I should get a whole new tool palette that shows me all the available switches that packet tracer knows about so when they click on the very first one the 2950 - 24 when I click on that once again my cursor becomes a black little symbol little black little plus symbol I'm going to drab that switch right above PC 0 and PC 1 now we need to connect these devices together the way I'm going to connect these devices is through a straight through cable this straight through cable can be found once again down the lower left corner the icon looks like a little lightning bolt it's called the connection tool when I click on that my tool palette should change I'm going to click on the third tool from the left of the palette it's going to be a solid black line that's my straight through my copper straight through cable now I'm going to click on PC 0 when I do that a dialog box is going to pop up give me two options the rs-232 and the fast ethernet 0/0 in this course are going to be using the Ethernet standard so we're going to be connecting on the fastethernet 0/0 I'm going to come up here and click on the switch once again this is a - 24 switch that means it has 24 ports available for me and you can see all 24 of them right here in this drop-down box I'm going to choose the first Ethernet one 0 / 1 and if all goes correctly I'm going to get a green dot here and an orange dot right under switch now with that orange dot is indicating to me is that something's going on with the switch they can't quite approve PC 0 eventually the switch is going to build its required tables it's going to get to know PC 0 and that light should go green that's what happens in the real world but since we're using this virtual emulator we can come down here and fast forward time there's no need to wait like it would take in the real world to get this thing done so a little tip when you guys are connecting devices together and you're hoping that the tables will build don't waste your time just come down here click the fast-forward time button and what that's going to do is jump and save you a few seconds I'm going to do the same thing I'm going to come back down to the tool palette I'm going to connect PC one to the switch the way I'm going to do that I'm going to choose that straight through cable like I did before click on PC one and then I'm going to click on Fast Ethernet 0 and I'm going to take that cable and I'm going to click it right into the switch so click on switch 0 and this time I'm going to choose fatha East Ethernet 0 / 2 and like before I'm going to click fast-forward time and I hope that orange dot will go green now if you're clicking that fast-forward time button and that orange dot hasn't changed or it's a red dot and hasn't changed then you might have picked the wrong cable or medium or you might have forgot to turn on an interface that's quite common with routers when it comes to switches and end devices it's typically the wrong medium but just in case always verify before you do anything else you got two green dots and if they blink that's all the more better that means these devices are communicating sharing some information on a very low level on a physical level if you will so question I tend to ask my students is do I have a network I have two or more devices connected together but are they able to share resources at this given moment in time the answer to that question is no the reason why they're not able to share any resources is because they don't know how to identify or communicate with each other they haven't agreed upon the same set of rules so this person over here this device over there could be speaking English and this one over here so healy and because of that the communication process is going to be impaired so how do I fix that how do I communicate to these devices so that they understand each other in other words how do I configure them well let me click on pc0 the only time you can click on a device and bring up this dialog box is when you have a white arrow if you're still not plus symbol hit the Escape key on your keyboard so here I am I clicked on that device I'm going to move this box up for you so you guys can see it I know this is PCs dialog box because it reads PC zero an entire log box of that dialog all right I'm going to click on the desktop tab when I do that I'm presented with a list of applications that packet tracer has installed on that PC for me the only application I care about right now is the IP configuration app when I click on that a new box is going to pop up here's one of the drawbacks of learning a network administration course like this introduction to network you need to have some theory behind that to be able to make sense of what's going on when you're configuring devices now many of you might have seen a screen like this similar to Windows and maybe your ISP technician told you click on the IP address box and type in the following not having any clue what that meant they just told you to do that because they know what the numbers mean and they know how to get these devices to communicate with each other well just like what they have done for you I'm going to do the same thing in this lecture at this moment in time might not develop the skills to understand what an IP address is so when I tell you to click here and type the following please do so later on the course will start to understand what exactly an IP address is and why only certain numbers work in that box before you start typing in any number though you need to make sure that this static option is chosen so click next to static you should get a dot there when you do that after you get done doing that click on the box next to IP address now for this demonstration this device is going to be part of the one ninety two dot one sixty eight dot one network so I started typing in one ninety two dot one sixty eight dot one in this address box like I said before well understand IP addresses later I just make sure that you are following me so make sure you enter those three octets in 192.168.1 now you're going to put another dot after that one so an IP address is made up of four parts 192 my apologies for octet one ninety two dot one sixty eight dot one what do I put in for the fourth octet well the fourth octet in this particular case is going to be used to identify my host so in this case since this is my first host I'm going to put in dot one now how do I know as a network administrator or even as a technician at the first three octets make up the network address well that's the next box is all about go ahead click on the subnet mask when you click on the subnet mask packet tracer should have automatically added 3 255 followed by 0 that is to say your subnet mask should be 255 dot 255 dot 255 dot 0 what does that mean when plain old English that's used by the computer to identify their families last name so when we look up here we have 192.168.1 and right underneath that we have those 255 s but in the very fourth octet we have a dot 1 and underneath that we have a dot 0 you can think of zeros and networking as being wildcards and you can think of 255 s as being dead set can't be changed permanent addresses translation when I go to configure my other device I must use 192.168.1 as the first 3 octets of my IP address if I wanted to be able to get away with changing more of them I need to get rid of these 255 s and modify them so it's 255 dot 0 dot 0 dot 0 if I were to do something like that I could then only have the first octet used to represent my network and the other 3 the host but like my point that I tried setting earlier I want to keep this nice and simple so for now just accept the default values all right so I gave this host an IP address and I set up its subnet mask let me close out of this box now I want to verify that the computer took those changes the way I'm going to do that is I'm going to click on the command prompt and now I'm going to type in ipconfig all one word and then I'm going to hit enter if all goes well you should see the following five lines there's only two lines I care about at this moment the IP address and the subnet mask by the way this command the IP config command will work on your home computer as long as you're using PC all right so now we have IP address 192.168.1.1 which is what I just put in at the IP configuration tool with a subnet mask of 255 255 dot 255 dot 0 it will also notice the default gateway set to all zeros basically nothing so let's close out of this and let's close out of this dialog box now what I like about networks they're very repetitious see you need two or more devices connected together governed by the same set of rules I've already configured this computer to follow the IP rules now wait to configure this computer do the same if you want pause the video and configure this PC so it uses the one ninety two dot one sixty eight dot one dot two IP address with the same subnet mask of 255 dot 255 dot 255 dot zero all right let me go ahead and do that so PC one let me click on the desktop tab let me click on the IP configuration I'm going to verify that there's a dot next to static before I make any changes now I'm going to click on the IP address box and I'm going to type in one ninety two dot one sixty eight dot one dot two no two devices on the same network can have the same IP address now I'm going to click on the subnet mask I'm going to accept the default value now I'm going to close out of the IP configuration tool box and I'm going to click on the command prompt just to be thorough I'm going to type in that IP config command and I'm going to hit enter and just like before I haven't greeted with five lines I only care about two out of those five the IP address notice it's one ninety two dot one sixty eight dot one dot two it's a good sign took the change and the subnet mask line of 255 dot 255 dot 255 dot zero once again that's a good thing because it took the change let me close out of that let me close out of that another question I like to ask my students is do we have a network let's see there are four requirements two or more devices connected together we got two or more devices they're connected together to share resources governed by the same set of rules we got the governed by the same set of rules that is both of these devices are using an IP address so they're both agreeing to the Internet Protocol but what are we missing they haven't shared any resources yet so let me click on pc0 let me go back here to the command prompt and now to test this network to send a message from pc 0 to pc 1 i'm going to type in ping space one ninety two dot one sixty eight dot one dot mmm now wait a minute I'm on PC zero right and I know PC zeros address is one ninety two dot one sixty eight dot one dot one so the ping command the way it's set up is it's the command itself followed by a destination address that is the other host you want to communicate with so I want to put in one ninety two dot one sixty eight dot one dot two and hit enter if all goes well I should get replies back from pc1 this lets me know that these two devices have agreed on the IP protocol and they're sharing sorry and they're connected together to share resources could I ping myself let me hit the up arrow I'm going to backspace one time and I'm going to change the IP address to one ninety two dot one sixty eight dot one dot one the up arrow is a lifesaver when you're doing these commands especially in das and they're repetitive that is you're doing them over and over and over again hit the up arrow and you can go through your command history until you find the command that you want to use again in this case that is me typing out ping space one ninety two dot one sixty eight dot one I hit the up arrow once change that last two to a one and hit enter and away I go what is this testing because remember the ping commands used to test your connections when I ping the one ninety two dot one sixty eight dot one dot two I was testing my connection from PC zero to PC one but when I ping myself what am i checking well I'm checking to see if I am set up correctly that is my protocol stack is set up if I get replies for myself it looks like I am configured properly all right let me close out of this let me close out of this dialog box so in summary we created a very small Network by dropping two end devices onto my canvas or my workspace and connecting them through an intermediary device known as a switch the type of cable we use to connect these devices together is called a straight-through cable what if I wanted to add another device to my network how would I do that well see if you can pause this video and then when you get done play it to see if you did it correctly so let me go back down to the lower left corner click on end devices and I'm going to click on the first generic icon just regular piece of this time I'm going to drop it right above my switch now just like before I need to connect the PC to the switch so I'm going to come back down to the tab sorry the lower left corner and click on the lightning bolt third button in from the left and tool pallet should be a straight black solid black line it's going straight through cable click on PC to choose fast ethernet zero and then click on switch 0 and now I'm going to choose fast ethernet 0/3 and the interest of saving time I'm going to click on the fast-forward button so this way the orange light goes green now I made the physical connections I got to create the logical connection that is I have to develop the logical addresses so I click on the desktop so I then I get this new dialog box I click on the desktop tab I click on IP configuration I'm going to click on the IP address before I make any changes I need to make sure there's a dot next to static all right when I configured PC 0 I used one ninety two dot one sixty eight dot one dot one when I configured PC one I used one ninety two dot one sixty eight dot one dot two well i'm on pc two so i'm going to configure this one so it's one ninety two dot one sixty eight dot one dot three and i'm going to the tab key and if all goes well packet tracer should automatically add those three 255 by dot zero all right let me close out of that remember be thorough so click on the command prompt type in ipconfig whoops let me try that again IP config I get greeted with five lines I only care about two of those lines my IP address of one ninety two dot one sixty eight dot one dot three and my subnet mask of 255 dot 255 dot 255 dot zero all right since I'm already at PC two and I met the command prompt why can't I just go ahead and ping PC zero let me do that ping space one ninety two dot one sixty eight dot one dot one let me hit enter and IRA get replies from PC zero if I wanted to ping PC one what would i type in yeah I would type in ping space one ninety two dot one sixty eight dot one dot two do you see how all my host or my end devices on my network have the same three octets that logical network address is really important for devices to know where to send the message to next in this case my message is only going to go to the switch then to the other end device alright let me close out of that and to show you what I'm talking about I'm going to change modes so this is the reason why we love using packet tracer in this course because we can learn from it we can actually see those packets travel from host to host to do this we need to change our mode so I'm going to come down here to the lower right corner and I see I have a little stopwatch I'm gonna click on that stopwatch it's behind the clock and that's going to switch my mode to simulation mode then I have this new pane that shows up in this pinion I need to make a few changes especially right here in this filter area right now I'm seeing all the events there's only one event I care about and that is that ping that ping command belongs to a certain protocol called ICMP so I'm going to go edit the filters and I'm going to disable all those other protocols by clicking on the check mark next to show wall slash none and the only protocol I'd like to see in action at this moment is the ICMP protocol once I get that I'm going to click back over here in the white area and to initiate this over here in this tool area I have a simple PD you remember apdu is short for protocol data unit so if I want to use this protocol the ICMP protocol I turn that on and I come over here and I click on that simple message that simple PD you now I'm going to click on PC 1 that's the source and now I'm going to click on PC 2 and that's the destination notice when I leave my cursor over an end device this little text box appears and in this box it tells me what port is connected and what the address is to that interface remember PC 2 has the a dress of 192 let me try that again so however over it has an IP address of one ninety two dot one sixty eight dot one dot three that's last 24 we'll learn later so let me move that away if I want to see what the configuration is for PC zero without clicking on it I'll just hover over PC zero and that box should appear and just like we did it's one ninety two dot one sixty eight dot one dot one all right let me take my cursor over this so that was just a little side note to let you guys know how you can look at different end devices without open them up so when you're pinging things you don't have to go through a series of dialog box to get what you need so I got this message area now before when I ping that it's issued the command and then magic happened now we're going to look at the magic bye freeze framing it so I clicked on this PC then it went up to that PC by clicking on the first PC I said this is the source the sender and by clicking on the next end device I said that's the receiver now I can hit play over here my panel and I can pause this and I'm going to stop it right there this is cool because as I anticipated in order for PC one to talk to PC to the message was going to leave PC one and first go to the switch so to watch that I hit play to stop it I hit play so this is the first step I can trace these steps by coming over to the event list and I see that the first one from pc1 to pc2 look at the second line right now the last device that received it was the guy that sent it and now it's at switch zero so let's resume let's hit play and there it is let me pause this by hit and play again message is now sent to PC to hmm my switch is smart enough to look at physical addresses and say that PC 2 that is the device with the following IP address of one ninety two dot one sixty eight dot one dot three is connected to port three so only send the message out of port three so what happened to port one nothing nobody sent port or PC zero anything so there's no reason to send the message down to PC zero this is a unicast communication that is pc1 & pc2 are having a private a DB conversation alright PC 2 receives the ping this is half of the process and order for PC one to know that PC to receive the message PC 2 has to reply remember when we were looking at that command it said reply from so get this message back down to here I'm going to click click on the play command again and there it is at the switch now if you're using packet tracer to learn or to study you should know the answer to the question I'm about to ask where should this message go to next should it go to a PC 0 or choice B PC 1 who's the one to initiate the conversation PC 1 so when PC 2 needs to respond back to that message it better respond back to PC 1 so when I click play that message to go from the switch down to PC 1 if it doesn't either I don't know what I'm talking about or I made a mistake so either study hard or fix your problem notice I get a little check mark that's good that means the command will successfully complete it to see what that looks like let me click on PC let me go to the command prompt notice nothing's there why isn't it there because when I execute this command I use this simple tool right here in order for me to do that let me click on the envelope and as you can see I'm presented with the OSI models now when you are running the simulation mode you will always get this when the command is done being executed if you were to clear out the event list you won't be able to check your steps that means you won't be able to see what's happening from device to device to device therefore you're not going to learn anything so click view previous events so now you have all your steps let me show you this let me close out this dialog box if I want to see what happened between PC 1 and switch 0 I click on that nothing happens let me double click I see that the packet is now up to switch I click on that packet notice at this point I'm only dealing with the first two bottom layers layer 1 layer 2 layer 1 is the physical layer in the OSI model that's where all those zeros and ones are being translated into electrical signals layer 2 is called the data link now we have frames I deal with physical addresses it's extremely important we're going to get more into that as the semester goes on but I'm not bothering layer 7 layer 6 layer 5 layer 4 or layer 3 because the switch can only understand layer 2 addressing let me check some of the details alright packet tracer helps to dissect the encapsulation process the PDU if you will so I can scroll down and I can see how this information is being capsulated how the message is being transformed from the device to device so it can rive at the final destination for now I just want you to know how to get to this area later on these fields will start to make sense and how you can use them to troubleshoot your network let's close out of that dialog box so I can trace each one of my steps by double-clicking on each of these items seeing where the message went then double-clicking on the message to see we're in the OSI model it's at notice when I went to the PC I'm finally at layer 3 now the nice thing about the ping command is it doesn't use layer 7 that means you can use it for the bare-bones - troubleshooting without worrying about applications if your pings are successful but yet your web browser doesn't work then maybe you have an application or operating system problem the ping allows me to troubleshoot the logical addresses and the physical address that's it or I should say the physical connections so basically it's a tool to get down to the grunt level and get that all taken care of anything beyond that is not the network administration person comes into whether it's the software or the technician the helpdesk person IT technician alright let's get back down to the real world so let's go back here the lower right corner click on the clock it should say real time you notice the PDU disappears but in here I still have that scenario scenario zero was a successful operation let's delete that scenario by clicking the delete button underneath the scenario zero whoops I can do it and when I do that all goes well that event that success s disappears and now I'm back to my local area network

Channel: Nicholas Andre

Views: 143,997

Rating: 4.9010377 out of 5

Keywords: Packet Tracer

Id: z160-ufUfa8

Length: 30min 5sec (1805 seconds)

Published: Mon Sep 09 2013