Cardiomyopathy Overview Restrictive, Dilated, Hypertrophic pathophysiology, symptoms

hey guys nurse Mike here and welcome to simplenursing.com now before we get today's lecture started please remember to access your free quiz and preview our cool Nifty new study guides not here on YouTube click the link right up here at any time during this video all right guys let's begin Timmy's a 9-year-old maleo who plays on his school soccer team recently he has been getting very short of breath during soccer practice so his mom took him to see his pediatrition Timmy's doctor found that he has a significant heart murmur oh snap what could it be and what are the priority nursing interventions you must know for not only your tests but ultimately the enlex today we're wrapping up cardiomyopathy or what my mom calls cardiac mayonnaise what happens when the cardiac muscle gets either too thin too hard or even just really big and thick all leading to a weaker pump meaning low cardiac output AKA low oxygen to the body now there are three different types of cardiomyopathy that affect the cardiac muscle so we use the acronym Dr h d stands for dilated cardiomyopathy so remember D for distended and thin heart muscles kind of like a balloon R is for restrictive cardiopathy so remember R for rock hard rigid cardiac muscle and H is for hypertrophic so remember huge trophy like big and thick heart muscles now there are two categories of cardiomyopathy it's either primary or secondary primary develops all by itself and secondary is usually caused by hypertension or some sort of valve disease but before we further break down the causes let's define what cardiomyopathy is so the fancy medical definition of cardiomyopathy cardio meaning heart myo meaning muscle and pathy meaning disease so cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle The myocardium which inhibits effective pumping essentially we have pump failure problems here which again leads to this less cardiac output basically meaning less oxygen to the body so what's really going on in the body well as you guys know the heart acts like a pump pumping oxygen rich blood out to the body from the left ventricle now the Vries stretch as they fill with blood and this is the end of diast called preload and then well when they fill they have to squeeze out all that oxygen rich blood to the body this is where they overcome all that pressure called afterload now the amount of oxygen-rich blood being pumped out of the heart to the body per minute is what's called cardiac output all that blood coming out of the heart it's when the heart cannot pump correctly when we get less cardiac output meaning less oxygen-rich blood out to the body and that's when we get loads of problems so again we're going to review these one by one but just again little overview Dr h d is for our dilated distended cardiomyopathy this is where the ventricles sort of balloon out and have very thin muscle walls as you can see right here next is our restrictive rock hard cardiomyopathy the ventricles get super stiff like a brick wall and technically don't pump correctly and H is for her hypertrophic cardiomyopathy where the ventricles do the exact opposite they beef up and get really thick and hard like a big huge trophy so let's start with the first one dilated which I call distended cardiomyopathy now this guy is the most common out of our three wisen here here we have distended muscle walls where the chambers in the heart are being stretched out like a saggy loose sock leaving us with big stretched out Chambers and really loosening up the valves so they don't close all the way this results in a weaker contraction basically not an effective pump or no effective side stolic squeeze for our blood pressure and this leads to pump failure specifically systolic heart failure where the blood doesn't go forward and now it backs up into the lungs and or body and when blood backs up again this means less blood being pumped out of the heart to the body and again this is called less cardiac output meaning less oxygen to the body as a result the body thinks we have low blood pressure so the body attempts to increase this blood pressure by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system to increase the heart rate it also attempts to increase the blood pressure by stimulating the kidneys to initiate the renin Angiotensin aldosterone system fancy words for the Raz system which results in the kidneys holding on to the fluid which increases blood pressure but over time these compensatory mechanisms can no longer maintain cardiac output and the Heart begins to fail so we're going to see classic heart failure signs and symptoms all revolving around low oxygen signs and symptoms from this low cardiac output so low oxygen in the brain will see Syncopy as well as mental status changes now exams in the enclex love to really emphasize that restlessness and agitation is the earliest signs of hypoxia so guys write that down restlessness and agitation are usually the first signs that indicate low oxygen but we'll also see in the hearts angina and ECG dysrhythmias or basically a heart block and for the respiratory tract we'll see shortness of breath called dmia so you'll see rapid shallow breathing now as far as heart failure signs and symptoms blood fails to pump forward and now starts to back up in the body and or the lungs so if blood backs up on the left side of the heart remember L for left means L for lungs we hear wet crackles inside the lungs known as pulmonary edema thanks for watching for our full video and new quiz Bank click right up here to access your free trial and please consider subscribing to our YouTube channel last but not least a big thanks to our team of expert helping us make these great videos all right guys see you next time [Music]

Channel: Simple Nursing

Views: 304,202

Keywords: nursing school, isotonic, hypotonic, nclex, hesi, registered nurse RN, osmosis, kahn academy, electrolytes, EKG, simplenursing2018, Cardiomyopathy, Cardiology, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, heart problem, cardiomyopathies, cardiovascular diseases, heart failure, hypertrophy

Id: gDjMVrRowtc

Length: 5min 38sec (338 seconds)

Published: Wed Mar 06 2019