Breeding for Egg Color and Sex Linkage in Heritage Poultry

to uh the heritage poultry breeding live stream i'm gonna be your hosts mike badger let's put on here so we can see myself and lisa um and for those of you who are gonna watch the replay this will be a presentation on egg color and creating sex links in heritage poultry and kind of lisa will guiding us through some of those things that we need to know to make to make those things happen uh from our standard bread breeds and um as we get people into our cue here i'll just set it up remember our live stream the live portion of this is presentation first half q a second half so we'll take questions after lisa goes through her presentation and then in the replay when you're watching the replay you're just gonna see the presentation portion of it and the the q a session will be will be lopped off but i'm i'm pretty happy tonight to be joined by lisa she she responded to a call i made uh i guess last month about topics and she presented this topic um and i thought it was a i thought it was a good one i thought it was relevant and uh so so she agreed to come on and do this so we got lisa van horn and she's one of the founding members of the peninsula poultry breeders group which is a collaborative group of small heritage poultry growers in washington state on the olympic peninsula hence the name and so she's currently breeding barred plymouth rocks welshmers and cream leg bars and uh along with a number of heritage hybrids as she calls them and we'll probably get into that as we go through the the uh session tonight so welcome lisa thank you um and uh if you're ready to start i'm ready to put your presentation up and i think if we just go right to the presentation that'd be great give some folks something to look at besides us and um we can get started and all right so let me bring it up for you here okay and one of the things that we i will just clue people in mike that one of the things we discovered as we were checking is that um i'm not able to advance the slides so mike has to do it for me um so he'll he'll be i'll be having to tell him when we're ready to move forward like we're ready to go the next slide um so i wanted to just give you a little bit of background first about myself and our group we are a group of small poultry breeders we have our own farms but we collaborate as a group to do chick sales and hatching egg sales and we are located in the very northwest corner of washington state we're on the olympic peninsula which is quite a rural area however we are also on the western side of puget sounds so we do kind of are very close to a large urban center which is seattle and it's surrounding urban and suburban areas we collaborate together to market our birds to do pre-orders we have a website we do social media and newsletters kind of educational newsletters we incubate together and hatch together so as we each only have a couple of breeds maybe two or three breeds we are also able to then pool our resources pool our chicks and eggs together and do larger numbers of hatching and multiple breeds for our sales and then we also do customer service together as well so it's not a formal model but it is um a collaborative one between friends and we find it works really well particularly for really strapped time farmers and i will say under my breath for older farmers because we're all of us a little bit older in our group so the next slide our main primary customers are small farms and backyard and homestead flocks like i said we're close to the seattle urban suburban markets and we're really fortunate that we live in an area that's very supportive of small local food sources both meat eggs vegetables we have a ton of farmer's markets we get very good prices for our our for product although of course cost of living is also higher here as well we do find that some of our farmers are they're humane certified so they need to source their birds from a humane source most of our small flocks probably um run between 100 to 500 birds in a pasture egg environment and we also notice a lot of folks will do both our birds and then also kind of do a hybrid model where they bring in maybe some hybrid layers from a hatchery or also maybe run broilers as well as running some heritage birds so there's a lot of different diversification that people are doing in our area and exploring different markets next what we have found is that um some of the demand in our area is pretty high for things like uh egg colors lots of different colors of eggs there's some folks who kind of go nuts about the egg colors um and we find that we're able to provide eggs on a spectrum of colors with cross breeding of our standard bread birds and we've also started to provide sex link what we're calling heritage hybrids where we're using our standard bread birds as the base for a sex-linked dual dual-purpose bird and we have a focus on all of our birds for you know weight gain early maturation of our rolls as well as a high rate of life for our pullets um but by exploring sort of this niche of of hybrids we're looking at other options for um kind of marketing of heritage meat and pastured egg producers um what's nice about having a sex link since we're not hatcheries we can't vent sex our birds we normally would have to sell them straight run but with the sex links we can put the males and females into separate streams right away we can put a higher price point on the females because we know they're pullets and people want pullets we can sell those to both a small farm and also a backyard or homestead environment and then we can lower the price point on the male chicks and we're doing that primarily to encourage the use and exploration of a heritage meat market it's it's interesting because in our area there's a lot of interest in heritage pork beef lamb but particularly pork and but i was just contacted about a month ago by a heritage meat cooperative of different chefs who are doing heritage meats and they wanted to source have a contract and source birds from us well we don't grow birds so there is some interest out there and i'd love to see other farmers getting into exploring that what i was hoping to share with you tonight was an understanding of how some of these factors can be used with your existing birds and give you some additional opportunities to explore a way of providing sustainably bred birds for both a small scale commercial and backyard markets maybe you've got a breed already that if you were interested in getting another breed you might consider getting one that you can use as a sex link it's not that you're going to stop breeding your purebred birds or not purebred but your standard red birds or your pure birds but um it does give you another option and you can take advantage not only of what it provides but also i think of the kind of what we call hybrid vigor or heterosis that a crossbreed does give you as well next so we have to talk a little bit about genetics and i promise this is the only you know kind of science slide i'm gonna i'm gonna force on you if you remember back to high school biology um within the cells that's a cell there on the left that little blue circle um are chromosomes and the chromosomes are in pairs um one of the pair comes from your mother the other one comes from your father and each chromosome exists as a spiral of dna of a dna molecule so if you looked at those two little chromosomes you would see that they kind of make this what's called a double helix or a spiral and that contains the genes if you go in even closer you'll see that on those spirals are the genes which are those things that code for the different traits that an individual has so whether you have blue eyes or curly hair or lay blue eggs or have black feathers or all sorts of different traits that can be found to be controlled by those by those genes if you look um up at that little up above it is the actual genome of the of the chicken chickens have 38 pairs of chromosomes that's a total of 76 you compare it to a human being they have 23 pairs so chickens have a lot more than us doesn't mean that they're necessarily more sophisticated than we are but it does mean that they have more genetic material possibly because they're older um evolutionarily they've been around for a long time and you can notice some of those genes are pretty or some of those chromosomes are pretty tiny they might be a little bit of kind of genetic junk in there um but whether you are a bird or a mammal a human or a chicken you have two sex chromosomes um in humans it's called an x and a y chromosome in birds it's exact opposite it's a z and a w and how it works is that um you know the this is the the genome that you see here is um for a male bird he has a z and a w and then the or i'm sorry this is for a female bird even i get mixed up sometimes because it's the exact opposite of mammals and it is these genes um that the sex genes the z and the w are the ones that we will be using when they have the genes that will be used for the sex link crosses you're not going to need to know a lot of the details i just wanted to give a little bit of background before we talk about how to actually go about producing those sex links to get us warmed up a little bit first we're going to talk about egg color because that is not a sex-linked gene so we'll go to the next slide and egg color is controlled by a gene that's called an autosomal gene or a non-sex-linked gene so it's not on a sex chromosome it's not inherited in any way that has to do the sex of the bird and eggshells basically come in two colors they come in white and they come in blue and white is the wild type um and that's what the majority of chicken eggs are white eggs blue is dominant over white but it's not the most common egg color and the reason for that is probably due to the fact that it only evolved about 500 years ago in south america probably caused by a retrovirus and so maybe in a couple thousand years if we came back we would find that there are more bluebirds or blue eggs being laid but at this point in time there are fewer blue eggs than white egg layers out there in the world but the blue is dominant over the white and we'll see how we use that in a in a breeding situation how to actually tell the color of an egg the egg shell itself is to look at the inside of the egg like i've got these eggs all kind of cleaned out and if you peel away those little membranes inside the eggs you'll look and see if it's actually blue or if it's white and the reason you can't always necessarily tell from the outside is if we go to the next slide that the brown eggs are actually a white egg with brown pigment put over the shell and this pigment's called protoporphyrin it's put on in the shell glands so it's after the shell is formed before it's actually laid and you've probably picked up a brown egg out of a nest box that may have just been laid and you can almost like wipe off some of the brown sometimes or scratch it and that's because it's kind of like painted on afterwards over a white shell protoporphin is actually um made from heme molecules so when the bird is done with some of its blood maybe the blood's ready to be recycled it'll break it down and it is those heme molecules from the blood that go into the shell gland and create that brown color that's just kind of a little little side fact there are over a dozen genes that are believed to influence the brown color it's not very well understood there have not been a lot of research into it and so it does leave it a bit of a hit and miss when it comes to to breeding for different brown colors it's still as much art as science i think but that sort of you know is where we are with brown is that there's a lot of different colors of brown but it's all with the pigment being laid over the eggshell next slide blue eggshells on the other hand are created by an addition to the shell itself of something called billy verdin which is a green bile pigment that's put in there while the shell is being formed so it's not a coating that goes on afterwards it is the actual color of the shell any of the jeans that for brown color that the bird may inherit will then be painted on as brown over the blue and that's what gives you the range of green which we can see on the next slide and it is these green eggs that you can just get all sorts of amazing colors of green some of them take a lot of work to get to some like the bottom middle colors those are done by a breeder down in florida and she's bred many many generations of these birds to get these amazing kind of avocado green eggs and the one on the bottom right with the speckles is another breeder that's kind of a master breeder for getting colors but even a simple cross can give you the rest of those greens those are all from our birds and they're all from a simple cross that we'll show you where you're breeding just a blue egg layer and a brown egg layer to get a nice variety of different greens and next so i don't want you to be worried about this slide and i was telling mike one of the things i'm going to do afterwards probably the next few days is on the forum i'll put a forum post up and i'll put some of these kind of visuals in there so you can look at them at your leisure if you're interested but basically what i wanted to show you here is the basics of breeding for egg color so if i take a blue if you look at the top left hand there if i take a blue egg layer and i cross it to a light brown or tinted egg layer then i will get a like a bird that lays a light green egg so it's a blue shell and it's putting a little bit of light brown over it and it gets me a light green the term for that in genetic terms is an f1 generation that's not important for you to remember but you will hear that conversation go on within egg breeding communities so just in case a little heads up that's what that means and another version might be there on the top right where we take a blue egg layer and we cross it to a dark brown egg layer and we get what's called an olive egger in the trade um or an all because it's a darker more brown pigment a darker color um we can then take that olive egger and breed it back and do what's called a back cross to a dark brown like possibly to its parent or another one of the breed it originally was in its original cross and you can get an even darker egg and this is where you start to get some of those amazingly dark olive eggs that you can see on the internet or on some of the poultry sites the challenge here is that when you do that back cross you don't get all green you get 50 brown so it takes a lot of space a lot of patience um to work on some of these darker egg colors one cross that is an easy one to make and is more predictable is the third line down where we take an olive egger and we cross it back to a blue egg laying bird and we can get some really interesting and lovely shades of blue or blue green that are kind of like teal and in the trade you'll notice these being sold as teal eggers or azure eggers is one very popular one that's out there um and we know that we are going to get this something in the blue green because the again the blue parent has a dominant gene so we know that there's going to be blue in that mix and that's probably the easiest combination after the initial combinations there in the top row i would suggest that people particularly for the first time stay with that combination up on the top where you're breeding a blue egg liar with a brown to get a green you can look at the bottom line and think i might want to do that but really if you take your olive egger and you breed it to your olive egger you're likely to get all sorts of different colors it's a really challenge at that point so sticking with some of those simple crosses might be best at first so that's just to give you a taste of eggs and um i know it's just hopefully enough to to what your curiosity and you can look into it a little more we can discuss it on the forum as well so let's go and talk about sex links on the next slide um my second little piece of genetic information that our science information that i'm going to leave with you is the use of a punnett square if you remember these from high school biology or maybe you haven't seen them before it's a way to sort of um tease out what you're likely to get any time you get across so in birds the sex chromosomes as i mentioned before are referred to as z and w the female has zw chromosomes the male has zz so it's a female that determines the gender of the offspring and any of the genes that are on those sex chromosomes um are said to be sex linked and this is how we create our sex links this chart just shows you if you breed a male bird to a female bird you get half male and half female which we all kind of know intuitively though some years it seems like that doesn't quite work i think this year was kind of a big cockrule year for some of us um but um you know in in in the overall scheme of things we would get half males and half females so let's look at the next slide um when we're looking at the traits that we use for sex linkage in breeding birds and breeding chickens um in particular the common traits that are used and are controlled by the sex chromosome are the barring gene and the silver gold ground colored jeans barring as you see here in the bard plymouth one of my bard plymouth rocks is actually a gene that removes color so the bar plymouth rock is actually a black bird but then you add a barring gene and what happens is the gene removes the color in little bands on the feathers that's why they're sort of these like you know it goes white black white black white black and that's how the gene works and that color or that barring gene is seen in the chick as a white spot on the head and that's how we can identify them at hatch and we'll look at some of those in just a minute so barring is dominant over non-barring and then in the silver and gold silver ground color in a bird is dominant over the gold ground color in a bird which almost to me seems counterintuitive because it seems like there's more gold birds but um silver itself gives you a white ground color by inhibiting red pigment it gets rid of the red pigment even if it's there coded to be there and it's dominant over the gold which gives you a gold ground color so these birds that i'm showing you right here the middle bird is a rhode island red bird and he's on a gold base we call it and then the female bird to his right is a light sussex and she is on a silver base and then let's see what happens when we breed those two we'll go the next slide what we get are red sex links they present as those chicks where the chicks on the right hand side that are red or the female chicks and the chicks on the left hand side are the male chicks and they're kind of silver or gold and then the female of this cross and then she's again rhode island red over a light sussex is this nice brown color and then the male red sex link is a very light color he's got the silver base most red sex-linked males will also get these kind of red feathers coming through and that's a different ground that's a different color it's actually not gold it's called autosomal red and we call that leakage so he's got red leakage on him but he is a silver base color so it's a very easy cross at hatch to determine which ones are which so let's go to the next this is the punnett square for doing a sex a red sex link cross remembering that silver is dominant over gold and here's the key anytime we look at these the female in a sex-linked cross so the female bird must be the one who carries the dominant trait so it's got to be the female who's either the silver bird or if we're using barring she's the bard bird so in this case she's the silver the male is the gold he's the rhode island red and we can see then if you follow the little squares how it sorts out that the females do not get silver from their mother but the males do because they only get they don't get they only get the the non-silver chromosome from their mother but the males get silver from the mother so it always will be in the mail that you see the expression of his mother in the colors whether it's barring or whether it is the gold silver i hope that makes sense might be something you need to go back and look at but let's look at some other examples of how it works so these are the red sex links that we do in our group one of us on our group raises delaware's and one of us myself raised wellsomers um and so if we use a wellsummer male who's a gold base over a delaware female who is a silver base we get sexy chicks delawares are interesting in that they are also a bard bird believe it or not underneath that white is she's barred she's kind of like a barred rock with white over overlaid by a colombian jean so she can also be used in a bard cross but in this you know barring cross but in this way she's being used as a red sex link and the chicks those cute little guys down there the females are the red ones the males are the white ones and the females um you'll see both of them kind of have a little bit of the chipmunky patterns that the that the welsimers are known for but then let's see what they look like when they grow up on the next slide um the resulting offspring that we get we get silver males as they grow up and they actually start to look like the delaware's they have that barring but we couldn't see that when they were little because they were kind of silvery colored and so you couldn't see a barring spot on their head though they did have it and then the female is a gold base the nice thing we're seeing with these crosses too is that those those males are now in a pastured meat situation being grown out they were we're seeing that they're reaching a very good processing age at 16 weeks giving about a four pound carcass at 16 weeks and incredibly robust birds um the females um we're just getting our first year of lay on these because we've only this was our first big year was this year um and um they're producing an egg that's it's like a light wellsummer egg but it's got some of the nice speckling which is kind of nice that the welsimers carry as well and really nice temperaments on these birds they've been really popular we give them the name cedar bells i think it's a good idea if you do a sex link or if you do an egg cross of your own is to find some sort of a name that that rings for people it made all the difference in the world um in fact the very first ones that we sold of the of the cedar bells of these red sex links um we actually sold them to one of our local zoos because they wanted them for their animal behavior training shows that they were doing and she was like adamant that we had to have a name for them i can't call them red sex like kids won't understand that so um she prompted us to come up with a with a name for them and have found that people really like that next slide um so the other type of barring that we can or i'm sorry the other type of sex links that we can do is using the barring gene again remembering that it's the mother the female that must be the one carrying the dominant trait and barring is a dominant trait it's dominant over non-barring so to create a black sex link you take a female who is barred who's got that dominant barring gene you pair her with a male who is a solid color and is going to help give you a dark chick down or dark enough chick down that you can see the head spot so it can be a rhode island red it can be a black australorp you know there's a lot of different breeds that you could be in new hampshire it could be a lot of different birds the fact that the barred rock has a extended black helps give it a dark coloring so you can use a lot of different male birds as long as they're not barred and you will get male chicks who are barred and female chicks who are not barred so let's look at what those look like next slide so here's our cross that we do and that is using a parent bird of a black austrolorp male and putting it over a bardrock female we also have do the same thing putting it over a delaware female because remember i said the delawares are barred as well though you can't really see the barring very well and in this case we get this these black chicks with the females having no spot on their head and the males having a spot on their head and these little ones in the front there with kind of the brown foreheads that's something that came from the those are actually delaware australorp cross chicks um and i think that brown is because the delaware's also carry a wheaton gene that's my guess but i don't know it does kind of did kind of help us identify them even easier and distinguish them from some of the other chicks too so and then when they grow up let's look at the next slide the offs the offspring are going to grow up to have a barred male and an unbarred female this bard male because it only has one barring gene he has kind of what we call smutty barring he doesn't he's not really clean and crisp like the barred rock is doesn't really matter since he's probably being raised as a meat bird um and then the female is going to be a black and oftentimes the black sex links will have this red again it's called red leakage and they'll have this red on their head and on their necks and so it's often one of the ways you can tell a red sex link or black sex link if you see one is that black coloring with the red red head next slide this is a cross a sex link cross that we do that's a little bit different um this is one where i take a wellsummer male and i put it over a cream leg bar female now the cream leg bar is one of the breeds that i have i have the three breeds and they are actually a barred bird you can't see the barring on the female very well because she also has what's a cream colored jean that kind of mutes it out but i know she's barred and you can often see little evidence some evidence of barring on there but it does result in chicks that where the males do have the head spot the females do not now you have to know your birds pretty well your own line pretty well with this this cross though i find it actually is pretty simple i don't know if you can see them very well but like in the very lower left-hand corner there's a little white spot on that guy's head and then if you go directly up you'll see a sister up there who does not have a white spot so if you go through we can find the white spots pull them out those are our males the nice thing about this cross is if we go to the next slide it gives us oops okay that'll be the slide after that we see the cool stuff but this is the offspring that result from it so we get the bard mail again a single barring jean on a kind of a gold duckwing or duckwing pattern and then the female who is an unbarred female and her eggs will look on this next slide for what we get with that and that's where we get some really nice green eggs so this shows you both the cream leg bar egg which is blue the welsimer egg which is brown and then the resulting offspring the sex-linked offspring that gives us these lovely green light olive eggs some of them with speckles now you could do this cross the other way where the male was the cream leg bar and the female was the welsimer but you would not get a sex-link cross so you just have chicks that you had to grow out to determine if they're males or females so that works too but it doesn't give you the extra advantage of having it be a sex link so next slide so this is one that we're trying we haven't seen if this works yet um this year we got some of matt hemmer's um smokey blues which are kind of an offshoot of his urbanette recovery project he had some bluebirds that turned up blue black and splash that turned up in that project and they have a good rate of lay they're a nice large bird and so we thought well let's try making blue sex links by crossing them with our barred rocks so that's what we're planning to do our projected results so that we'll have solid blue pullets and blue barred cockrolls in the trade right now this is a very popular bird called a sapphire gem it's actually not this exact cross but it is the same color cross they use an andalusian a splash and illusion rooster over a bardrock hen and i think that first was made popular by the czech um that dominant cz group in in czechoslovakia that bred the a bird called the dominant blue and then it came into the american trade as a sapphire gem and they're pretty hot right now so we thought well let's see if we can provide one that's not only that nice blue color but also has good rate of lay and has a nice carcass on the males so we'll see what we get with that um in this next year next slide so i wanted to leave you with some um ideas of breeds that would give would be good to choose for sex links um remembering that the females have to carry the dominant genes so you want females either from a silver ground color bird or a bard bird now it's easier to tell with the bard birds but it's pretty easy to find information about um whether whatever particular breed you're interested in has a silver or gold background color it's a little bit harder to tell if they have gold because some black birds like australorps are on a gold background you'd never know it sometimes you get leakage on them but you don't you don't really know if they have a gold background so you can't always tell by looking at the bird there may be other genes that obscure those those ground colors but if you look at this list the gold males that are commonly used for the for the red sex links would be rhode island reds new hampshires buff orpingtons speckled sussex um i've seen barn builders um buckeyes make a lovely cross particularly with either like a white rock or a delaware they make a really nice meat cross for the males and welleslemers of course work as well so we found that out for silver females the delaware is a is a good one light sussex are traditionally used as well but any a lot of these white or silver pen the silver pencil birds whether the silver pencil rocks silver pencil wine dots silver laced wine dots white rocks um and then you know you can get out of your dual purpose breeds and into some of your egg breeds with your leg horns so you could have a brown leg horn or a silver leg horn um if you wanted to have a sex-linked leg horn and then barred females the common barred breed that's used is the plymouth rock but also it would work for dominique's um hollands and wouldn't it be lovely to see someone have a really nice productive flock of hollands cucamoran which is what the photo is there delaware's can be used for a barred cross as long as you've got a dark background color on a chick on the cross you can also use cream leg bars and beal felders which are both auto sexing breeds and we're not going to talk about auto sexing but it's different than sex linked auto sexing is a breed that actually can be told at hatch by its differing down color for male and female and it's a trait that breeds true whereas with a sex link it's only that first cross that works so if i breed a red sex link to a red sex link i'm not going to get red sex link chicks i'm going to get you know they're not it's not going to work after that second cross so it's only that initial cross that will work for sex links but with an auto sexing breed it does it works throughout the generations but the reason you can use the beel felder or the cream leg bar is that they have barring on them so it works and then last slide these are just some ideas of eggs breeds for egg color particularly if you're looking to make the olive eggs that are very popular so a dark brown egg layers the most common birds not a lot of them black copper morons are very popular but not always the best layers which is one of the reasons they have those incredibly dark eggs is that they don't lay as many of them and at least in my experience wells immerse and then a kind of a mediterranean breed called the penidesenka which lays a lovely dark egg as well a rare that's a rarer breed but certainly would work for a good egg production cross blue egg layers again not a lot of breeds but americanas and this is to distinguish them from the hatchery version of an americana or orokana which are what we would call an easter egger more accurately the hatchery easter eggers are not reliable to have two blue egg jeans so you could use them but you would need to be you know if you had a bird that was a blue egg layer that was a hatchery easter egger you could try it you could use it but you may not get quite the right results because it may not be homozygous for the blue egg gene it may only have one blue egg gene which in that case half of its offspring would would be green so that might work for you um cream-like bars are um i and particularly like these birds they're amazing layers um if you get the production lines and their recent import probably about 10 years now to the united states um and if you're careful and where you select your birds then they can be really a good layer but again some of these smaller gene pools are a little more challenging to work with and then whiting true blues are not a heritage breed certainly but they are a recently developed true breeding blue egg layer um that is available i think through marie mcmurray or yeah hatchery i believe and then the only green egg layer that i know of um that habit you know that breeds forward for green eggs is this swedish breed called a silver red blue another recent import to the united states rare a little bit challenging to breed as there is a small gene pool but they produce a lovely green egg and there are crosses that people do with these there's a cross called an ice cream bar that's a cross of the silver red blue and the cream leg bar and those are sold through some of the kind of specialty groups like my pet chicken and you know kind of the designer chickens but it shouldn't be you know it shouldn't turn away from the fact that they're actually a really nice layer a very productive layer so those are just some ideas for egg colors to consider and um i think we're ready to go to the very last slide for questions okay uh thank you lisa that was spectacular that was great um lots of ideas i just want to confirm lisa that you will post some of your slides as resources back to the uh heritage poultry group one after yes yeah i plan to do that next few days i'll i'll start up a stream there for posting some of that and then also some other resources um there's some good sort of basic poultry genetics information online that's pretty accessible um and i think you can one can learn a lot there's a lot of information out there but there's a few that's very that are really good i think and there's this there's this wonderful um calculator online calculator that's put together by a gentleman in the netherlands that i'll put a link for in which you just go in and plug in your breed and it will tell you what you'll get out of it or you plug in you can plug in all these different things and it tells you how it inherits so it's kind of a neat online calculator that folks can use really good positive feedback in the in the comments and anything else before we i would just say that um if anyone has any questions i'm they're happy to email me at our um website which is peninsula or our email peninsula poultrybreeders gmail.com i'm happy to to give feedback or provide information so any questions just shoot me an email all right folks we're gonna wrap it up there that's uh that's our night that's our october session so come back in i think november i look at the dates in november to see where thanksgiving falls but uh watch your email we'll get you back in here and uh thanks for for joining us and thanks for lisa for presenting tonight really great stuff thanks and thank you mike great job

Channel: ampasturedpoultry

Views: 3,013

Rating: 5 out of 5

Keywords: egg color, hybrid layers, heritage chickens, breeding

Id: tEP8i-sEPas

Length: 40min 29sec (2429 seconds)

Published: Fri Oct 30 2020