From ancient rubies to emeralds with a troubled
past, here are 10 of the biggest gemstones ever to be found… 10. The Cullinan Diamond (530 Carats) The Cullinan Diamond was discovered in Gauteng,
South Africa, in 1905. The large blue-white stone was just 30 feet
from the surface and was extracted by a miner with a pocket knife. Easy peasy!! He took it to the office to have it measured,
and it weighed 3,106.75 carats, about 621 grams, which made it by far the largest diamond
to have been found at the time. Named after the owner of the mine where it
was found, the Cullinan diamond was given to King Edward the seventh in 1907 and eventually
cut by a company in Amsterdam. From this stone, they created nine major stones,
96 brilliants, and 9.5 carats of unpolished pieces- with the largest ones being the Great
Star of Africa, weighing 530 carats, and the Lesser Star of Africa, weighing 94 carats…
both of which were returned to the King and became a part of the crown jewels. 9. The Golden Jubilee (545.67 Carats) Weighing in at 545.67 carats, the Golden Jubilee
diamond is the largest cut and faceted diamond in the world. From images, it looks to be a golden orange
color, but it's actually graded as a fancy yellow-brown stone. It was discovered in 1985, and in its original
form was considered quite ugly- simply being called the unnamed brown diamond. It has several inclusions and deep cracks
within it, so took 2 years to be cut in a specialized underground facility to avoid
any vibrations from affecting the process. Now valued at around 12 million dollars, the
Golden Jubilee was purchased in 1995 by a group in Thailand who, after getting it blessed
by the Pope, the Supreme Imam, and the Supreme Buddhist Patriarch… gave it to King Bhumibol
Adulyadej of Thailand in honor of his 50th birthday. After all that, now it would most likely command
a much higher price if it ever went to auction!! It’s kept in the Royal Thai Palace, as a
part of the crown jewels, and is occasionally displayed at exhibitions around the world..
under very tight security! The ugly duckling turned into a swan! 8. Star of Adam (1,404 Carats) In 2016, the world’s largest blue sapphire
was unearthed in Sri Lanka, weighing in at a massive 1,404 Carats- which is the equivalent
to almost 10 ounces. It came from a mine in the southern city of
Ratnapura- a place that is known as the “city of gems” because of the large numbers of
precious stones that are found there. Still, this was a major find- the Sri Lankan
gem industry is thought to be worth about 103 million dollars annually, but this one
was valued at more than 100 million dollars just by itself!! Now known as the Star of Adam, as in Adam
and Eve. It is named after the Muslim belief that Adam
went to Sri Lanka after being banished from the garden of Eden. This blue sapphire has the distinctive mark
at the center that's seen in all stones of this type. It's a popular gem for jewelry, and has increased
even more since Prince William proposed to Princess Kate with his mother, Princess Diana’s
ring she had received from Prince Charles. Her ring is 12 carats, and the Ceylon Sapphire
caused some controversy as it was from a catalogue and not exclusive. Luckily for her, the stone does not weigh
over 1,000 karats like the Star of Adam or she would need a cart to help her wear it
around! And now for number 7, but first if you are
a returning subscriber, welcome back!! And if you are new here be sure to subscribe
and click the notification bell to join the Origins Explained family! 7. The Rajaratna Ruby (2,475 Carats) The Rajaratna ruby was first unveiled in 1986
and, at the time, was thought to be the largest ruby in the world. It's had an eventful history, and was thought
to have originated in either one of India's two well-known ruby and sapphire regions during
medieval times- Kalinga and Kalpur… or Mogok in Burma- places synonymous with discoveries
of large gems. The ruby’s first known owners were the Kings
of Vijayanagar, a prosperous south Indian empire, where it was dedicated to worship
the god Shiva. After the civilization fell, the ruby passed
through various hands before being found again in the '80s. The 2,475 Carat gem has been valued at up
to 200 million dollars- that’s almost 80,000 dollars per carat, which makes it one of the
most valuable gems in the world. It’s no surprise that it’s regularly moved
between secret locations around the world, and kept under tight security until new owners
are found. Hmmm I wonder where it is?? 6. The Pearl of Puerto (75 lb) In 2016 the world’s largest pearl was found
in the Philippines in the most unlikely of places- underneath a fisherman’s bed, where
it had been for at least 10 years. According to the man, he had found it while
out fishing when his boat’s anchor had become tangled with a giant clam, and he had to swim
down to dislodge it. The pearl is one foot wide, 2.2 feet long,
and weighs 75 pounds- which means it could be worth as much as 100 million dollars! This value, though, depends on the authenticity
of the pearl. They only attain such prices if they are naturally
formed from a giant clam, as opposed to being created in a farm under unnatural conditions. Tests are made to determine this and, in the
case of the pearl of Puerto, it was found to be genuine. What are you supposed to do with a 75 pound
pearl?? 5. Sergio Diamond (3,167 Carats) While it’s not worth as much as other diamonds
that have been found, the Sergio Diamond is something quite special- and is thought to
have been the largest rough diamond to have ever been discovered. It was found in 1895 in the state of Bahia
in Brazil and weighed 633.4 grams, or 3,167 carats. This makes it 61 carats larger than the Cullinan
diamond when it was found 10 years later. Now, you might be wondering why the Sergio
diamond looks more like charcoal, and that's because it's an extremely rare form of the
stone that's known as a black carbonado diamond. It's not actually very clear how these types
of rock form, but it's thought to be a process that involves asteroids. The theory goes that they are formed during
a supernova, and are produced as a result of radiation-induced fission of thorium and
uranium…. Before being subjected to extreme pressures
and heat as they traveled through space and collided with the earth during its formation. These black diamonds, while receiving little
attention for aesthetic purposes, are the toughest types of diamond that have ever been
found- so are in high demand for use in industrial machinery- which is what the Sergio carbonado
was eventually used for. Jewelry was not in its destiny! 4. Olympic Australis (17,000 Carats) Australia is undoubtedly the home of opals,
and in 1956, at the ‘eight-mile' mining field in the town of Coober Pedy, miners found
the largest ever to be discovered. It was dug from a cavity about 30 feet beneath
the surface, and they couldn't believe their eyes when they realized what it was. Weighing a massive 17,000 carats, it's 11
inches long and 4.5 inches high. At the time, it was the biggest known opal,
a record that has since been broken- but this one, known as the Olympic Australis, is still
the most valuable, because of its quality. It’s worth around 2 million dollars. Unlike other famous gems, this one isn’t
at a museum- instead, it’s proudly on display at the Altman and Cherny showroom in Sydney. The company is a well-known opal dealer, and
with such an impressive specimen on show, they attract tourists from around the world
who, hopefully, will purchase a smaller gem for their own collection. 3. 125West Ruby (18,696 Carats) Rubies are a type of corundum mineral- given
their name because of their deep, rich, red hue. They come in a variety of colors, though,
with red ones always being called a ruby, and other types being called sapphires. They are the second hardest known minerals,
after diamonds, so great care has to be taken when turning rough stones into polished pieces. The largest rough ruby to have ever been found
is known as the 125West Ruby, which weighs a whopping 18,696 carats, which is the equivalent
to 8.2 pounds. It's semi-translucent to opaque, and is suited
to being cut in a number of different ways, depending on what final result the owner wants. The ruby exhibits a strong red fluorescence
when exposed to long wave ultraviolet light, and would need quite a large jewel box to
keep it in- it measures 4.8 inches, by 4.5, by 5.2! 2. The American Golden Topaz (22,892 Carats) Topaz is well known for its ability to form
huge crystals, but the even the miners of Minas Gerais in Brazil were surprised in the
early '80s when they dug up some particularly amazing stones. In this photo by Chip Clark for the Smithsonian
National Museum of Natural History, the two stones on either side of the little girl in
this picture weigh 70 pounds and 111 pounds respectively. They were originally planned to be cut up
for use in scientific instruments. They look like they have gas bubbles inside
them, but these have been formed by albite crystals that grew against the back surfaces. Large topazes are often seen in museums because
they were not regarded as being worth cutting, but in recent years this has changed because
of the ability to turn them into blue topaz by exposing them to radiation and heat. Nonetheless, the most amazing example of a
cut topaz is the stone in the center of this image, known as the American Golden Topaz. It's 22,892 Carats in weight, and was faceted
over a period of 2 years in the late '80s from a 26-pound stream-rounded topaz cobble. The finished piece has 172 facets, and is
6.9 by 5.9 by 3.7 inches in size. 1. The Bahia Emerald (1.7m Carats) And of course no list of giant stones would
be complete without this big guy! This is the biggest rough gemstone that has
ever been found- the Bahia Emerald. It was found in a mine in Bahia, Brazil, in
2001, and is a rock that contains 9 crystals- one of which is the largest single emerald
crystal to have ever been discovered. In total, the Bahia rock is thought to contain
at least 1.7 million carats, and is estimated to be worth up to 400 million dollars. Despite its notoriety, the Bahia Emerald has
had an interesting story since it was discovered. It was smuggled to the United States, where
a number of attempts were made to sell it to private buyers- a process that faced hurdles
because of disputes over the ownership. It was eventually seized from a gem dealer
in Las Vegas while authorities heard the claims, which involved numerous people who had paid
millions of dollars for it. In the end, a judge decided on the rightful
owner in 2015, but even then, they weren’t allowed to do anything with it, because it
was subject to forfeiture in Brazil as a result of originally being stolen from the country. The case is still on-going, but once it's
finally resolved it will likely become one of the largest and most beautiful gemstones
ever to be cut. Thanks for watching! Which one was your favorite?? Let me know in the comments below!! Be sure to subscribe and see you soon!!
