Hello. I'm Gill at www.engvid.com, and today's
lesson is on the verb "to be", which I'm sure you're familiar with already, but because
it's an irregular verb and it changes a lot, there are lots of different words... They
don't look like this "be", which is the base form; they look completely different. You
may think you know it, and perhaps you do; but sometimes, under pressure or whatever,
you might just forget the correct form. So, this is just to go over the details of it
for you to be sure that you really do know this verb really well, because the thing about
the verb "to be" is that it's used all the time. The equivalent in your own language...
I'm sure you use all the time the equivalent verb "to be" in your language. So, in English,
too, it is... Is used all the time. Okay? So, here we go, let's have a look at the details.
Right. So, the infinitive, the base form: "to be".
Okay? And then in the present tense: "am", "are", and "is" for the different people.
First-, second-, third-person, singular, and plural. Okay? So: "I am" - first person; "you
are" - second-person"; "he", "she", "it", "is" - third-person. They're all singular.
And then in the plural: "we are" - first-person plural, "we are"; "you are" - second-person
plural; and "they are" - third-person plural. So, "are" is used in all of the plural forms,
so that's easier to remember. Okay. So: "am", "are", "is" are the options in the present
tense. Okay. So, then when we move to the past tense, it
changes completely. So, it's: "was" and "were". So, you might think: "Is that really part
of the verb 'to be'? It looks completely different", but it is. "I was", "you were", "he was",
"she was", "it was", "we were", "you were", "they were". Okay? "Was" and "were" in the
past... Simple past tense. Okay. And then, for the future, it's very, very
easy. The future tense for all English verbs is very easy, because you just use this word:
"will" plus the base form of the verb. "Will be". So, where some verbs in some languages,
you change the ending of the verb to form the future tense, in English, we just add
this word in front. "Will", "will be", "will sing", "will eat", "will drink", "will talk".
It's just "will", so that's nice and easy. Okay. But it's the base form from the infinitive
that you use with "will". "Will be". Right. And then we come to the present participle,
the "ing" form, which is: "being", so that's easy. You've got the base form plus "ing",
which is just like a lot of other... All the other verbs "ing"; "drinking", "eating", "talking".
Right. So, somebody... You could say: "Oh, the shop assistant is being helpful". Or:
"A friend of mine is being silly", or "being difficult", or whatever. So, in the present
participle; a sort of continuous activity of being helpful, or being silly, or being
difficult. Okay. And based on this present participle, you
can also use it as a noun. "A being" is a person... It's a strange word for a person,
really. "A being". It's when you think: "Oo, is that...? Is that an alien or something?
What is that being over there? Is that a human"? "Being". We do have the term: "human being",
that's quite a normal word to use with the word "human". "Human being". Okay? But "beings"
in the plural often suggests aliens from some other planet. Beings from Mars, or something
like that. Okay? So, you can use it as a noun. Right. And then, finally, in this part of the lesson,
the past participle is "been". "Been". Okay? So, you got "be" and "en" added. And with
the past participle, you have to use the auxiliary verb. "Have" or "has". "Has been". "It has
been a really good day.", "We have been to the seaside", something like that. We went
to... On holiday... "We have been somewhere really nice today.", "The weather has been
really good." Okay? So that's the past participle. And, again, just like here, you can have a
noun: "a has-been" with a little hyphen in it. "He's just... Oh, he's a has-been." It
may be someone who's had a really good career, but now he's finished; he's past his best.
So, it's not a very nice way to talk about somebody. "Oh, that old has-been, you know?"
And it's like just thinking somebody's finished and they're of no interest, or no use to anybody
anymore. So, it's not a very nice thing to say about anybody. "A has-been" - someone
who's been successful in the past, but they... They're really not achieving anything now
for some reason. So, okay. Right. So, that's an overview of all the forms of
the verb "to be", just to help you to clarify. Make sure you know them all well and you know
where to use them, and you can recognize them. So, in the second part of the lesson, I'm
just going to give you a little quiz on some quotations and some titles with some gaps
to fill in. Okay, so here's a little test for you. So,
in the gaps are forms of the verb "to be" for you to fill in. So, some of these are
song titles and others are quotations from famous people. So, the first one is from Shakespeare, the
English playwright who wrote a play called Hamlet. A tragedy called Hamlet; you may have
heard of. And this is a very famous line from Hamlet. The character called Hamlet says this.
So, he says: "_____ _____ or not _____ _____, that is the
question." Okay? So, I'll go through all of these first,
and then we'll go back and fill in the gaps. So, the next one is a French philosopher called
Descartes. And so, he wrote something philosophical about thinking, because philosophers do a
lot of thinking. So, he said: "I think, therefore I _____."
Right. Also the verb "to be"; coming from the verb "to be". Next one is a song title. You may know this
pop group, Queen, who were very popular. Still are very popular. So, one of their famous
songs: "We _____ the champions."
So, "champions" are people who win something. If you're in a sport or a competition, you
win. So: "We _____ the champions", like a football competition; something like that. And then the Beatles had a song called:
"Let it _____." Right. And then, finally, we have a more modern song
by Bruno Mars, and it's: "You'_____ amazing just the way you _____."
Right. So, let's just go back now and fill in the
gaps. So, have you thought what this could be?
"_____ _____ or not _____ _____, that is the question."
So, this is, you may have guessed, the infinitive. So: "To be, or not to be, that is the question."
He's very unhappy, and he's trying to decide whether he wants to go on living or not. "To
be, or not to be, that is the question. Do I want to continue with my life or not?" Okay?
I told you it was a tragedy. Mm. Okay. Right, so Descartes: "I think, therefore I..."
So, what form of the verb "to be" goes with "I"? First-person singular. "I am". Right?
"I think, therefore I am." He's proving that he exists. If he thinks, that sort of proves
to him that he is real; that he exists, in case there was any doubt. Okay. Right. So, then Queen: "We"... What form of the verb
"to be" goes with "we" in the present tense? "We... We are the champions." Okay? Good. And then the Beatles... Now, this is a bit
of a... An unusual phrase, but people use this. It's not just a song title; this is
used sometimes in everyday life. "Let it..." It's actually the base form: "Let it be."
Meaning: "Just leave it. Leave things as they are; let it be. Just don't interfere. Don't
do anything. Just leave it". "Let it be." Whatever is going to happen will happen; let
it be. Okay? And then, finally, Bruno Mars. So, he's singing
to somebody who he thinks... Amazing. "...just the way you", so this is to you. So, what
form of the verb "to be" do we use with "you"? And "you". Okay, so I'll write it here first.
"You"-present tense-"are"... "you are". "...just the way you are". And here, you can see from
the apostrophe that it's an abbreviated form, so here we just put "re" because the "a" is
missing because it's an abbreviated, contracted form. "You're". It's pronounced: "You're amazing.
You are - You're. You're amazing just the way you are." So, you don't have to change
in any way because you're amazing just the way you are. So, that's nice, isn't it? Okay.
Good. So, I hope you've enjoyed that little test,
there. And we also have a quiz on this subject on the website, so do go to www.engvid.com
and do the quiz on there, and see how you do. And maybe post a comment in the comments
section. And thanks for watching, and see you again soon. Bye for now.