Hi. I'm Gill from www.engvid.com, and today,
we're going to look at the verb "to do", looking at "do", "does", and "did", and the way it's
used, not all within a positive sentence or statement, but the way it often needs to be
included in a negative statement, and also how it has to be used in a question.
Okay? So, I've just got an example here to show
you what... What I mean. Okay? So, just a simple sentence: "You walk." Okay? "You walk."
So, we've got the pronoun "you", the person. "P" for pronoun, "p" for person. Okay? And
the verb: to walk. "You walk." Okay? But, what happens? Now this is in the present tense,
and what happens is in some tenses, you have to use "do", but in other tenses you don't
need it. So we're going to see the different types of sentence with different tenses to
show when to use it and when not to use it, and also how to use it. Okay? So: "You walk." Simple present tense. If
you turn that into the negative, it's: "You do not walk."
or "You don't walk." You can't just say: "You not walk".
You have to use: "You do not walk." And so, because "do" is
also a verb, the way it's used here is to sort of help the meaning and that means it's
called an auxiliary verb. Okay? So, I'll just put "aux", auxiliary verb. And the "not" is
the negative. Okay? So: "You do not walk." or "You don't walk." In speech, when we're
speaking, we say: "You don't". Maybe if you're writing a formal essay for an exam, it's best
not to use contractions, abbreviations, like "don't". It's better to use "do not". Okay?
So: "You do not walk." That's the negative. Okay? And then, again, if we turn it into a
question and you're asking the person, it's: "Do" again. "Do...? Do you walk?" So: "You
walk", "Do you walk?" Okay? So "do" is the auxiliary; "you" is the person, the pronoun;
and "walk" is the verb. Okay? So: "You walk.", "You don't walk.", "Do you walk?" Okay. So,
there, in the simple present tense for the negative and for the question, you need to use
"do" as an extra and as an auxiliary verb. Okay? Right, so now I've got some little exercises
to give you a chance to see if you can do them yourself before I say what they should
be. Okay? So, we've got this one here: "I swim every day." Very healthy. I don't, actually,
but some people do. Swim, swimming in a swimming pool. "I swim every day." Okay? So, if you
are going to turn that into the negative... I just said it probably, without realizing.
I hope you've forgotten what I've said now when I gave you the negative. [Laughs]. I'm
not going to do that every time, don't worry. "Don't worry." Okay, so: "I swim every
day." What would be the negative? "I ____ ____ _____ ___." Just have a think before I tell you what
it should be: "I", then we have to use "do not"/"don't", "I don't", and then it's
the same. We've got "walk" there and "walk" there, so it's just: "I don't swim every day."
Okay? So you just have to put "don't" in there: "I don't swim every day." Okay? And then,
again, for the question version of it: "I swim every day." And then
somebody asks or I ask... I don't know why
I would ask that question. I should know
the answer, but: "Do", what should it be? "Do I swim every day?"
So, "swim every day", "walk", "walk", "swim every day". "Do I
swim every day?" Okay. So, it's always "Do" at the beginning of the question, and
then you just use the same words. Okay, so let's try the next one. I hope by
now that you understand what I'm explaining about the verb "to do". "You understand."
Okay? Now, what if it's still negative? I'm not going to say it this time; I'll leave
it for you to think: How would you say the negative of this? "You __ ___ understand."
Okay? So, it's: "You", like this one here, "don't"... Sorry about my writing. "You don't" and
then "understand" again. Okay? "You understand.", "You don't understand." Right? And then the
question version, I've already started it with: "Do", so if I'm asking you yes or no: "Do
you understand?" Okay? So: "Do you understand?" And the question mark, of course, at the end.
Always remember the question mark. Right. Okay. So I hope
that's clear so far. Now, let's try this one. This is still
present tense, simple present tense. Okay? "He smokes cigarettes."
Very bad habit. Ah. "He smokes cigarettes" now,
and then he gives up smoking; he quits smoking. He stops. Very sensible.
So, it's now the negative situation. No more cigarettes. So: "He", now something funny
happens here, because we're talking about "he", we have to change the verb. If it was,
for example: "I smoke", "you smoke", we don't have the "s" on the end, but because we've
got "He smokes", this is where we put the "s" on the end of the verb; "he", "she", "it
smokes", so that affects what happens here. Okay? And instead of "don't", we have to use
"doesn't" or "does not". Okay? So it's either "does not", "d-o-e-s not", or
"d-o-e-s-n'"-apostrophe-"t". "He does not", "He doesn't". Ah, and then
something else happens. Because we've got an "s" now in "does", we've got an "s"
here, we no longer need the "s" there. So we say: "He doesn't smoke cigarettes." Okay?
"He doesn't smoke cigarettes", because we've already used the "s" in the "does" part of
the sentence. That's a bit confusing, but the more you practice it, the more it will
get easier. Okay. And similarly, with the question, then. How...? See if you can think
what the question wording would be, starting with "Does" with the "s": "Does he smoke",
without the "s": "Does he smoke cigarettes?" Okay. All right? Let's practice that again with this one, because
this sentence is "she". "He", "she", and "it", they're all the third person singular, and
that's why this "s" happens with the verb. So: "She speaks French." So, how would you
put the negative? See if you can work that out by comparing it with the "he" above. "She
does not" or "doesn't speak French." "She doesn't speak"-without an "s"-"French". So
let's have a look at what happens with the question, then, and it's going to be very
similar to what happened with the previous line. So, we've had: "She speaks French.",
"She doesn't speak French.", and now: "Does", do you want to complete
it before I say? "Does she speak"-without
the "s"-French"? "Does she speak French?" Question mark.
Don't forget the question mark. Right. And one final example of where the "do" word
is needed... So we have now: "The girl went shopping." So, "went" that's a clue that we're
in the past tense now, so we've changed tenses. We've gone from the present to the past. "The
girl yesterday, the girl went shopping". Okay? So, what happens next? With the negative, we
still need to use the "do" verb, but it's now going to be in the past tense. So: "The
girl", what do you think it might be? What's the past tense of "do"? Okay. I'm going to write
it. "The girl did", "did not" or "didn't", okay? "The girl didn't", and then because
we've got the past tense of "do": "didn't", we have to change this to "go shopping". "The
girl didn't go shopping." Right? "Go". So "go" comes from the "to go", the verb "to
go". So you have to go back to the base verb, the main verb from the infinitive "to go".
So: "The girl didn't go shopping." Okay? So that's another complication. Sorry about that,
but I don't make the rules. Okay, let's try it with a question. "Did", so can you think?
"Did", it's going to be "the girl", so: "Did the girl", what do you think it would be?
"Did the girl went shopping"? Probably not. No, because we've got "did" already as
the past tense of "do": "did". So it's: "Did the girl go shopping?" Go shopping, just like here.
"The girl didn't go shopping.", "Did the girl go shopping?" Okay, so that's a few of the tenses where
you have to use "do" or "did", but I've put a little line here to show that these three
examples are different. In these tenses, we don't have to use "do", because this one,
for example, is the present continuous. "I am swimming." So, to do the negative of that all you
have to do is say: "I am ___ swimming.", "I am not swimming." Just the negative word
"not". "I am not swimming. Okay? And, for the question at the end, you start with: "Am",
and you just reverse the words. You go: "Am I swimming?" Question mark.
"Am I swimming?" Okay? Nice and simple.
So we don't need "do" with the present continuous.
Right? Similarly: "The girl was going shopping." We're
in the past continuous tense, now. That's present continuous, this is past continuous.
"The girl was going shopping." What do you think the negative might be?
"The girl was not going shopping.",
"The girl was not". So, all you're going is putting
"not" in for the negative. "Not". "The girl was not going shopping."
And then for the question, we just change the word order: "Was the girl going shopping?",
"Was the girl going shopping?" No need to add any "do"
or "does" or "did". And then, finally: "We have cleaned the kitchen."
Aren't we good? Ah, cleaning the kitchen. Don't you love it? Okay: "We have cleaned
the kitchen." But unfortunately, there's a negative to that. "We have
___ cleaned the kitchen." Sadly: "We have not cleaned the kitchen."
And it's disgusting. Ugh, horrible. Okay: "We have not cleaned
the kitchen." And the question, just change the word order:
"Have we cleaned the kitchen?" Question mark. Okay? So, there we are, some examples of "do",
where it's needed, and examples of places where it's not needed because of the different
tenses. And then we're just going to go on and look at another couple
uses of the verb "to do". Okay, so let's have a look at two other uses
of the verb "to do". All right? First of all, this, I put "x2", but it means "twice". "Twice"
means two times. Two times. Times two. In the same sentence. So the verb "to do" can
appear twice in the same sentence. Okay? Here it is: "Did you do that?" So "did" past tense
of "to do": "Did you do that?" Maybe, I don't know, a little boy has been playing around
and broken something, and his mother comes and says: "Did you do that?" Did you break
that? So, the "do" refers to some action, like "break". So, the mother could say: "Did
you break that?" But you can just use the verb "to do", meaning to do some action. So:
"Did", past tense: "Did you do that?" Did you break that? Or, you could say: "Did you
drink that?", "Did you eat that?" But you can just say: "Did you do that?" Okay? So
that's where "do" can appear twice. And once as the auxiliary verb, and once as the main
verb, the action of the sentence. Okay? And you could turn it... Oh, well
that's already a question. There's another question: "What did you do?"
Okay? So we've got "did" and "do" again. "What did you do?" If somebody comes with their arm
bandaged: "Ah, what did you do?" Meaning: "How...? What...? What's happened? How did
that happen to your arm? What did you do?" And they say: "Oh, somebody knocked me over,
and I fell on my arm and it broke. The bone is broken." So, you didn't do it, somebody
else did, but people still say: "What did you do to cause that?" So: "What did you do?"
Past tense, auxiliary, and main verb "to do". Okay. And then, this is rather a fun use, a nice
use of the verb "to do", for emphasis. If you want to put more stress on something,
emphasis, emphasis or stress, and you also stress it with your voice as well. If you
say: "Ah, I do like your hair!" I do like. You can say: "I like your hair. Oh, I like
your hair." But if you say: "Oh, I do like your hair! Ah, isn't it lovely?" And so the
"do", you say: "do", your voice goes up and down: "do". "I do like your hair!" And "hair"
goes up and down as well. So that just emphasizes the fact that you really, really,
really do like the person's hair. Okay? It can be used for a less happy reason as
well, of course. "Oh, she does look tired!" Okay? So we go from "do" to "does", remember,
because this is the third person singular. This is first-person singular. "I do", "She
does". "She does look tired! She can't have slept last night. She does look tired. She's
been working so hard. She does look tired." You can say: "She looks tired." And, of course,
that puts an "s" on: "She looks tired." But when you're using "does", the "s" is there,
so you don't need it again here. So: "She looks tired. Oh, she looks tired today."
But: "Oh, she does look tired today! Oh." It just gives more emphasis. Okay?
"She does look tired!" And then, say you've been on holiday, a nice
positive example again. You had a really nice time, so you could say: "We enjoyed our holiday.",
"Oh, yes, we enjoyed our holiday." But: "Oh, we did enjoy our holiday!"
That's the emphasis. Okay? And you notice
again, if you say: "We enjoyed our holiday." it's "ed". "We enjoyed
our holiday." without the "did". But if you say: "We did enjoy our holiday!" because the
past tense is a "did", so you don't need to put it again here. "We did
enjoy our holiday!" Okay? Right, well, I hope all of that is helpful.
And if you go to the website, www.engvid.com, you will find a quiz on this subject. So please
go and try it, and see how many marks you can get. And on YouTube, if you'd like to
subscribe to my channel, that would be great. Thank you. And hope to see
you again soon. Okay, bye.
