America Unearthed: Mysterious Artifact Revealed in Chicago (S3, E9) | Full Episode | History

the history that we were all taught growing up is  wrong my name is scott walter and i'm a forensic   geologist there's a hidden history in this country  that nobody knows about there are pyramids here   chambers tunes inscriptions they're all over  this country we're going to investigate these   artifacts and sites and we're going to get to  the truth sometimes history isn't what we've been told as a forensic geologist it's my mission to  study what others have missed or discounted that's why i'm in chicago to  study the city's oldest artifact   a huge boulder called the waubonsie stone  it's been a witness to the city's history and   possibly its pre-history i can't believe  i've never heard of it until i got a letter   from an er doctor in indiana scott i think you  should look into the wabonsi stone in chicago   stone used to sit at the mouth of the chicago  river by fort dearborn the unusual fact is that   it has a carved face on apparently with a beard  i hope you'll come to chicago to figure out who   carved the waubonsie stone and why they did  it sincerely scott masdoras md richmond indian a face carved in an old stone  definitely has me intrigued i'm meeting scott in a very specific  spot at the base of the chicago river well scott i love the idea of the water  taxi but why did you want to meet here   well we're going to go by the sign of fort  dearborn where they found the waubonsee stone so   the waubonsie stone was found where fort dearborn  was right it was there when they built the fort   fort deer was american outpost 1804  there's no one here but one house and   it was right up here on the right side of the  river of the michigan avenue bridge do you have   a picture of it yeah it gives you a feel for what  chicago used to be like one house one fort slow   moving creek nothing else today chicago stretches  for miles along the west side of lake michigan   the waubonsie stone used to sit at fort  dearborn which was strategically located   on the south side of the chicago river  just a half mile walk from lake michigan how many people are we talking about at that  time less than 50. so how many people do we   have in chicago now 2.7 million wow tell me  a little bit more about the wavancy stone   well i have a picture here i can show you okay  three thousand pound boulders and face carved on   it the story is a soldier uh carved the likeness  of the potawatomi chief lebansi on the stone which   seems unlikely to be okay that's the story i don't  know if i buy that but what evidence do we have to   support that there's really no documentation of  any of them there's no documentation of anybody   making this but we know it's been around for  what at least 200 years right it was there   when they built the fort 1804 1804 it was already  there already carved no one knows whether it was   carved a thousand years before that or ten years  before that nobody knows for sure no well that's   the mystery behind this waubonsie stone right  is who carved that face on this stone and why so obviously waubonsie is an important figure  in this story what was his relationship with   the people at at the fort he was a potawatomi  indian chief and he was basically friendly to the   americans but unfortunately despite that things  didn't turn out well have you heard about the   fort dearborn massacre the fort dearborn massacre  took place during the war of 1812 between the   americans and the british the local pottawatomie  sided with the british since they were tired of   the americans taking their land american soldiers  from fort dearborn were headed to fort wayne when   they were stopped by the pottawatomie they say it  was a bloodbath they only made it a mile or two   and there was a battle down there it's  a little controversy about who actually   fired the first shot okay but basically  the uh the settlers and the soldiers were   massacred by the indians about half of them  were killed 12 out of 18 children were killed   the rest of them were taken hostage so they were  outnumbered and they were wiped out basically   right so what what happened to the fort after  that next day it's burned the fort to the ground the michigan avenue bridge here right here on  the right that's where fort dearborn was at the   lower level on what's called whacker driver so  it was on this side right here right all right   so let me ask you this if you don't think that  a soldier did this and it's connected to chief   waubonsie what do you think i think the stone  was here and carved before the fort was here   so basically what you're saying is this  stone has been here a hell of a lot longer   than 200 years that's my suspicion yes a lot of  other people agree with that well you might be   onto something there and before i can render  any opinion about this stone i need to see it scott claims the last location of the  waubonsee stone is a museum in downtown chicago when we got there we couldn't  find it we looked all over   but came up empty the oldest artifact in  the entire city and it's not on display   we pressed the issue and found the guy  with the answers we were looking for hi are you the fellows who want to learn more  about the waubonsee stone well yes we are   well i have a lot of research here i've looked a  lot into the wabonsi stone show us what you got   this is the stone in the early 20th century  oh okay and at that time it was in the side   yard of isaac arnold's house who was isaac arnold  he was actually a lawyer a member of the u.s house   of representatives and a very close friend  of abraham lincoln a big shot absolutely well   this thing certainly has had a pretty interesting  history and i might be able to shed some light on   whether or not some of the man-made surfaces are  old or not i'm a forensic geologist i've done a   lot of work with man-made surfaces carved in stone  we'd love to see it if that's at all possible   i can take you to see it but you can't tell anyone  where it is so you're concerned about security   uh yes we are concerned about  security we have over 22 million   artifacts and objects in our collections  and we can only have a small fraction on   display so we have to have some stored all  of them are worth a lot in historical value   well i can understand wanting to keep  the location secret can we take a look so peter how big is the waubonsie stone  well it's fairly big it's about 3 000 pounds   used to be a lot bigger than that uh that's right  when the museum took possession of the stone in   1914 several feet were locked off the bottom it  cut it off well yes it's something that wouldn't   happen today at any museum but the owners of the  museum wanted to make it into a drinking fountain   that is uh every historical archivist nightmare  as cutting an artifact but that information is   very helpful to me because when i see this freshly  cut surface i'm going to know where it came from all right well this is the wabonsi stone guys   all right are we ready yeah  all right go ahead here we go wow all right here we go wow there it is   well my first impression is i think it  is a granite so what sort of methods do   you plan on using to evaluate this well  it's actually pretty simple the way we   do all of our investigations is first of all  there's a blank slate we don't assume anything   we just start by looking at the large scale  features and then work small some damage here these look like overflow grooves right here  and it was meant to channel the water to this it feels good to see this stone and touch it  photographs are fine but they can't compare   to studying the artifact up close there's  a large cavity on top sort of bowl shaped   a lot of holes in this thing too very strange i  still can't believe the museum's staff cut off   several feet of the waubonsie stone  to turn it into a drinking fountain   it's a shame one of the things i noticed right  away we've got these holes here looks like   there's a hole that's plugged up here there's  one here and there's another one on the back   some of them are old i think and some are  not the hole inside the center of the bowl   that i assume connects with the mouth i think  that's more recent i think that's part of this   whole fountain system so there's been a number of  modifications i think to facilitate the fountains   but i see a couple of other interesting  holes there's two on either side they are   rounded triangular holes they're called stone  holes i've seen stone holes like this before   hundreds of them have been found on rocks  along lakes and rivers in the upper midwest   and on the east coast the holes usually four to  five inches deep are a mystery some call them   mooring stones as though people tied ships to  them but there's no real evidence that's true   the only way you can make a hole like that is  with a straight chisel and a hammer so they   certainly could have been made in modern times  but they could have been made hundreds of years   ago i think it could be a marker for the chicago  ported the chicago portage connected the great   lakes with the mississippi river and was an  important waterway for early chicago citizens   native americans knew about  the portage for centuries   but white explorers didn't discover  the secret passage until the late 1600s   it's part of the reason why chicago is as big as  it is today the secret channel not only brought   people into this area but it also helped move  people and cargo to other parts of the country it's at a prominent place this is a travel route  a portage route probably in the distant past all   the way up until the fort was built so i think  that's at least one of the roles that this will   bouncy stone plate i agree when i was kneeling  down i could smell smoke and the soot this thing   has been through a lot of chicago history hasn't  it that's right there was a fire at fort dearborn   on august 15 1812 that destroyed the fort then  there's the uh really famous chicago fire of 1871   when about a third of the city was  consumed over 300 people died 18   000 buildings destroyed but was the wabonsi stone  gone no the wabonsi stone survived rocks survive   fires they do a great job with that so it's  amazing the history that it's witnessed just   in modern times one of the other things that we  have a really good picture of is the point at   which the museum turned the wabonsi stone actually  into a fountain so you can see the fountain here   uh and you can see where several feet were  locked off the bottom okay and here's the   mortar that i saw on the bottom right here  it is indeed the fountain it's the plumbing   going coming up the middle which has now  been plugged with putty and looks like lead this is the namesake of the stone chief wabonsi  who is a potawatomi leader okay that's him in the   early 1800s many people believed that the stone  was carved by a soldier from fort dearborn where   the stone sat outside of and because waubonsie  visited the fort a lot the soldiers supposedly   carved the face of this chief is there any  documentation that it was actually carved by a   soldier there's nothing there's no documentation  nothing exists in that way of records from the   fort so if there really isn't good documentation  of this story where did it come from   well it comes from this book published in 1881  by amateur historian the title of that book is   called chicago antiquities so really it's  speculation absolutely that's what it is   okay well that that's interesting i mean as i look  at you know the chief here and i look at this face   to be quite honest the only similarity i see  is their two human faces i can't say that   that looks like him in my opinion no way that  this stone would have been deposited naturally   in that position upright it would have been  flat so you know what that means i don't what   does it mean it means this was erected by  man this had to have been a standing stone if this truly was a standing  stone then that's important   standing stones were erected all over  the world starting in ancient times   the world's best known standing stones are at  stonehenge in england there's a lot of debate   about what functions standing stones serve they  were early calendars helping farmers know when to   plant they hosted ancient religious ceremonies  in some cases they marked burial grounds   there's even a school of thought  that some standing stones were used   for human sacrifice this stone if it was upright  like we think as it's described in this document   this thing could be ancient we're talking  potentially thousands of years old erected by man for years anyone who wanted to  could see the waubonsie stone   what is arguably chicago's oldest artifact had  been turned into a museum drinking fountain   now to see it i had to travel to a secret storage  vault and promise to keep the location under wraps   some people think the waubonsie stone was  a tribute to a local native american chief   carved by a soldier at chicago's  fort dearborn but i'm not so sure as i look at the face on the side of the  rock the resemblance just isn't there   the mouth is open why it's my first question i  wouldn't expect to see that that just doesn't seem   right to me for some reason and as i look at the  eyes they look close to me this just doesn't look   like the face of a native chief somebody that  typically is very stoic and proud i don't know   what do you think i think it looks like a death  mask you know what it does look like a death mask death masks are exactly what they sound like   they're actual copies of dead people's  faces made using wax or plaster   they serve a couple of purposes as a way to  remember the deceased or as a model for a portrait   death masks have been made of some  very famous people including king tut   napoleon and mary queen of scots who carved this  thing what are some of the ideas that people have   tossed around well you know what scott there's  no shortage of ideas some people think that   the mound builders who lived in southern illinois  around cahokia came this far north to chicago and   maybe erected the stone and carved the  face i know about the mississippian   mound builders i learned about them when  i visited ostalon in wisconsin last year   the folks who live there built huge  walls to keep their enemies out   ostalon was the northern outpost of cahokia  which was america's largest city around 1000 a.d   one thing the mississippians are  known for are human head effigy pods   so how do the facial features compare the faces  on the pots appeared dead with parted lips   just like the face on the wabonsi stone  there's one major difference the face   on the waubonsi stone is carved into granite  while the mississippian pots are made of clay   going a little bit farther forward  in history some people think maybe   the aztecs from central mexico around modern-day  mexico city might have come this far north death   masks were used in religious ceremonies by  the aztecs like this one with inlaid turquoise   it was an offering to the aztec god quetzalcoatl  i'm not sure the aztecs made it this far north   but there's a good reason to believe they got  their start in the american southwest not mexico you know this has been invaluable for me  to see this stone to get my hands on it to   examine it closely and i think we've learned  a lot here today we've got the soldier that   could have carved it 200 years ago aztecs   not sure about that native americans are another  possibility we may never know exactly who carved   this but i'm going to do my damnedest to  try to get as much information as i can after we left the secret storage warehouse  scott and i had plenty to talk about   but very few answers so what do you really think well the stone was  amazing and i'm absolutely convinced that it's   a standing stone that was placed probably  thousands of years ago but the question   that i just can't figure out is when was that  face carved that's the real mystery to me what   do you think about that bowl you know some  people think that it involved human sacrifice   some people think the phoenicians might have  carved it well the phoenicians would be going   back a long ways and that begs the question i mean  these guys were ancient seafarers they were around   you know 3000 bc to about 100 bc and i did do an  investigation a while back i talked to an expert   who thinks that the new world appears at the  bottom of a phoenician coin it's actually a map   of the new world he believes the phoenicians were  definitely in north america the phoenicians did   practice ritual sacrifice and for them to come  over here it makes a lot of sense coming up the   mississippi into this route entering lake michigan  it does fit it's not ruled out you know this whole   thing about ritual sacrifice it's actually a very  good point i mean in modern times people think   this is barbaric and horrible but you know to many  of these cultures this was part of their everyday   life it was very important it was a sacred  ritual so it's absolutely on the table as far   as i'm concerned i'm really excited to see what i  can learn more about the time the stone spent at   fort dearborn and the history associated  with that that may shed some important light chicago is america's third largest city  hard to imagine this place without all   the skyscrapers and the people but  that's exactly what i'm trying to do   i'm on my way to the site of the old fort  dearborn i'm investigating the waubonsie   stone a bizarre boulder that used to sit  outside the fort alongside the chicago river   i wonder if that location plays a role in  this mystery did the river or lake michigan   just a half mile from here have something to  do with the face carved on the waubonsie stone   some people think a soldier carved the  face to honor the chief of a local tribe   but i don't see the resemblance today michigan  avenue covers the site of fort dearborn   but there are markers and a sculpture where  the fort burnt down during the war of 1812.   the inscription describes a brutal massacre and  calls those who died martyrs in our early history   there's got to be more to the story  than what's written on the marker   i'm on my way to meet a guy who's an  expert on the fort dearborn massacre we're meeting at 360 chicago   where you can hang over the city  thanks to an attraction called the tilt john this is fantastic that's the navy pier  right it's navy pier navy pair is now the   number one tourist attraction in the state of  illinois well one of the things i wanted to   find out about was fort dearborn and wasn't  that just down the street yeah you go down   michigan ave and you follow the little curve  over there that's the bridge over the river   fort dearborn was on the south bank of the river  right over there so tell me about chief obonzi   i'd like to learn more about him chief waubonsie  interesting person we have a street named after   him in chicago called bansay avenue this is chief  of bonzi well bansi was an interesting character   to say the least why do you say he was interesting  i'm just thinking one of the stories a couple of   bands these wives got an argument okay and here's  what bansi just taking it easy and they come up   to him and everyone their wife says complaining  about the other wives so well bansi just wants to   be left in peace and quiet so he says that  one wifey says here take the tomahawk go cut   off her head that'll settle it and according  to the story that's what she did cut off the   other wife said and it solved the problem i  guess um that's one way to settle an argument is   yeah i won't want my daughter to be married  to waubonsie i don't think so either so fort dearborn is right here right and what i  really want to learn more about is this massacre   that took place well usually referred to as the  battle of fort dearborn now because let's face   it massacre is a loaded word it gives you the idea  that the uh there was a one-sided one-sided thing   that that that the potawatomi and the native  people just were nasty people it's a little   more complex than that complicated so we called  the battle of fort dearborn this is the scene   of the battle the commander at fort dearborn got  word from the general to evacuate the fort give   the native tribes some goods to get them on your  side and then then you can leave in other words by   their friendship the young braves were upset about  something what was it the captain destroyed all   the liquor he destroyed all the firearms because  he didn't want those to get in the hands of the   native tribes and these young men got very angry  about that because they thought they were being uh   cheated on the deal and what happened is they left  the fort the americans they started marching along   the shoreline right down here right down here  they got to uh some sand dunes actually around   the shoreline and the captains saw there were  some native tribes that were hiding out behind   the sand dunes there was some natives there and  they figured well there was going to be an ambush   and so i thought well we're not going to wait to  be ambushed so they charge up the sand dunes well   as it turned out they were vastly outnumbered  and they were wiped out here's the picture over   here of john kinsey's cabin tell me about how  he plays a role in this whole story well kinsey   had a lot of friendship a lot of juice with the  potawatomi and the local tribes he was in the fur   trade and a bunch of other things over here so  when the attack comes labanzi actually saves the   kinsey family because kinsey was very tight with  the native tribes because he understood them he   didn't have this patronizing attitude that a lot  of the americans had and they got along very well   with them so there was a mutual respect there was  a mutual respect with uh will by unc and kinsey   this is all great information about  waubonsie and the battle of fort dearborn   but it still doesn't help me answer  the question of who made the carving the way i see it there are four possibilities   there's the anonymous fort dearborn soldier  then there's the mississippi and mound builders we've got the aztecs or it could be  the phoenicians thousands of years ago right now i have too many leads and not enough  facts my next stop is a chicago portage where   i'm meeting a writer named brad olson the portage  connected the great lakes to the mississippi river   and played an important role  in the development of chicago so brad there's a lot of theories being tossed  around about who may have carved the waubonsie   stone i mean some people like the mississippi  culture some people like the aztecs uh others like   this soldier 200 years ago although i'm not buying  that one who do you think carved it well scott i   think the evidence clearly indicates to me at  least the phoenician people of the mediterranean   region really what specifically you talking  about these are some examples of phoenician art   and i wanted to emphasize the face because  the face is big flat and wide like a caucasian   and most importantly facial hair beard  mustache okay this is a big key in the equation   who carved this thing and we see this on the  next one which comes from a sacrificial altar   in the mediterranean region the whole idea of the  beard or facial hair that works that's why i want   to point out the bowl on top because this is a  big part of the puzzle here in my opinion this   is a telltale sign of being a tophet what's a  topham a toffet was a sacrificial altar of the   phoenician people this bowl on the top of the head  is about the same size as an infant child would be   so you think this was used for ritual sacrifice  of babies as grisly as it sounds scott i think   it's indicative of child sacrifice on the banks  of the chicago river thousands of years ago so you think the wabonsi stone was used for ritual  sacrifice of babies as grisly as it sounds scott   i think it's indicative of child sacrifice on the  banks of the chicago river thousands of years ago   that's horrifying to for people to think about  today but back then it may have been you know   everyday life what else about the phoenicians  intrigues you well the phoenicians were   master navigators as i'm sure you know sure the  phoenicians home base was in modern day lebanon   but thanks to their incredible voyaging and  trading skills they were able to set up colonies   all over the middle east and the northern coast  of africa they were the first to historically   round africa they were all over the place looking  for resources that they could trade there's a   waterway here that is a big part of the puzzle  that i really want to show you let's go all right   well this is the chicago portage this is it  a swamp yeah more to it than just a swamp   this is one of the most important  waterway portages in north america native americans knew about this key  connection between the great lakes   and the mississippi river for hundreds of years  they shared the information with french explorers   but maybe the phoenicians knew  about this area even earlier what's happened in more recent times i know  they've made some modifications some modifications   that's an understatement they reverse the flow of  the chicago river it's a major shipping canal now   that's how strategic it was okay how does this  route here fit into your phoenician theory i   think i have an idea does it have anything to  do with the copper culture well it sure does   there's a lot of mystery around the old copper  culture and who pulled so much metal from ancient   mines in michigan's upper peninsula some people  think it was the minoans people who lived on the   greek island of crete i'm starting to think the  phoenicians were also involved they had contact   with the minoans as early as 1900 bc so maybe  copper mining in the area was a joint effort   maybe the waubonsie stone is  something they left behind   what would be the motive of these phoenicians  coming all this way halfway around the world it's   a profit motive just as it is today and economics  is certainly a very powerful motivator how does   the sacrificial ritual fit into all this well  just consider if it was you and i and 35 young men   who came to seek our fortune we came up to mine  the copper and in the belief of the phoenician   people to have a ritual sacrifice would have been  like a blessing on our voyage this whole idea of   child sacrifice as a way to you know clear the  way if it were for safe passage do we have any   other examples that we know of here in the new  world there's one that was found in florida   this was the sea market altar stone this was  a monument very similar to the wabonsi stone   with a cavity on the very top there's no denying  the similarities between the waubonsie stone   and the sea market altar stone which was  found south of saint petersburg florida   both stones have a depression on top big enough  to hold a small child or a small animal and both   feature carvings of a face with closed eyes  and parted lips i often think if you find   one very similar artifact it's a pretty good  chance it was the same people who did it and for   the same reasons so you think the phoenicians  are responsible for the waubonsie stone   and the sea market altar stone i do indeed so  before they made the big push across the atlantic   and then they performed one last ritual to ensure  safe passage on the final leg home and they would   know the dangers of crossing the atlantic was  the last big hurdle that they had to great riches so scott do you know wayne may i  absolutely do wayne's a good friend   yeah i just submitted an article about  the waubonsie stone to his magazine   so does wayne have something up a sleeve that  i don't know about i've heard that wayne has an   artifact that was connected to the vobonzi stone  really yeah well i'm gonna have to call him then i've known wayne for eight years  now he's based in wisconsin   where he started ancient american  magazine more than 20 years ago scott hey wayne how you doing hey i'm doing good  what's up well i've heard you've got an artifact   that might be connected to the waubonsie  stone scott i don't own that anymore you do i've spent the past few days in chicago trying to  figure out who carved the waubonsie stone could it   be an anonymous soldier at the old fort dearborn  maybe but i'm more interested in the possibility   that phoenicians could have carved and propped  up this standing stone thousands of years ago there's been a weird twist in this mystery i just  found out that an important clue was sitting in my   own basement i asked my wife janet to pack up the  artifact and send it to my friend wayne now i'm   gonna find out how an artifact i got in a trade  with wayne might be connected to the wabonsi stone so wayne i can't believe that this whole  time i'm investigating the waubonsee stone   trying to figure out who carved the  face and it turns out an important clue   is sitting in my basement you know i asked janet  to overnight that thing did you get it yeah i've   been wanting to open it but i left that for  you all right well let's see what we got here okay ah there it is so you think this is phoenician it could be  obviously it is an egyptian eushopti yoshabtes   were placed in the burial tomb with the deceased  and they were thought to come alive and help serve   them in the afterlife that's correct i bought  this from a woman whose husband had passed away   he found a mound along the des plaines river north  of chicago and out of it came this unusual object   the ashabti's egyptian how did it get with the  phoenicians well you have to keep in mind that   the phoenicians copied egyptian art and they  copied their culture so you think that this   egyptian yushabti was actually carried by  a phoenician sailor actually i do keep in   mind that when the ship set sail out of egypt yes  all the officers those were egyptians but the men   who did the work the rowing running the sails  and the ropes those were phoenician mariners so how did this thing get here to america one of  the things that very few people realize around   600 bc the egyptians were circumnavigating africa  we also know that phoenicians were already ahead   of them by a couple hundred years crossing the  waters if any ship were to get off course coming   around the western side of africa if they got too  far away from the canary islands they would have   been trapped in that current and the winds the  prevailing winds that would carry you all the   way to the western hemisphere so whether it was  deliberate or by accident somebody definitely   arrived here on the shores of north america you  don't think it was by accident do you i do not i   do not so wayne how do you think this ended up  in the mound well there's two ways number one   native americans could have uh got it possibly  through trade or i mean maybe they even found the   thing you know who knows but they had it and they  revered it and i got buried as a precious object   well the second thing is these guys actually  arrived here and someone of import on that ship   died and the shopping went with them into the  burial so this could have been buried with the   phoenician or with the native american absolutely  well you know something this idea that this came   over here traveling with the phoenicians millennia  ago makes a lot of sense and it's consistent with   the whole thesis that the waubonsie stone was  carved by the phoenicians and as far as the origin   of the waubonsie stone even though there are a  number of very plausible theories i think it boils   down to either a board soldier at fort dearborn  or the phoenicians if i had to pick right now   i don't believe that bored soldier  story i think the phoenicians did it   i think the waubonsie stone was  carved by the phoenicians so do i   i wish that face on the side of the wabonsi stone  could talk it witnessed a lot of chicago history   the first settlers the bloody battle of fort  dearborn and the great chicago fire i can't   prove it but i think phoenicians carved  the waubonsie stone after pulling copper   from michigan's upper peninsula as reprehensible  as it may be those phoenicians may have sacrificed   babies on the wabonsi stone a gift to the gods to  ensure safe passage through the chicago portage   on to the mississippi and across the atlantic back  to their homeland in what's now the middle east   those incredible voyagers didn't stick around but  two artifacts did one in my basement and the other   in a museum warehouse where its  secrets are still being kept if you have a mysterious  artifact or site i need to see   i want to know about it go to history.com on earth you

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Id: R7RTSHnguNw

Length: 43min 8sec (2588 seconds)

Published: Sun Mar 07 2021