A Star That's 200,000,000 Years Older than the Universe

meet HD one four zero two eight three or Methuselah the oldest star in the universe it's 14 point five billion years old a number that's difficult to get your head around after all our universe is only 13.8 billion years old and how is this even possible how can anything have appeared earlier than space-time and the whole universe [Music] scientists have been observing Methuselah for the past 100 years until recently very little was known about this star only that it's located 190 light-years from Earth in the constellation Libra and penetrates outer space at a speed of 800,000 miles or 1.3 million kilometers per hour this was pretty much the sum of our knowledge about Methuselah and the star itself did not cause keen interest for many people however everything changed dramatically when in 2000 astronomers attempted to measure the age of Methuselah according to early estimates it was a record 16 billion years old scientists could not believe that this was at all possible so they decided to conduct further research Howard Bond of Pennsylvania State University along with his colleagues collected more than 11 sets of observations that were obtained between 2003 and 2011 using Hubble's fine guiding sensors that record the positions distances and energy of stars in addition to this for six months bonds studied the parallax effect that is the change in the apparent position of a star relative to the distant background in reference to the position of the observer this allows you to better calculate the ratio between the brightness of the star and its distance from the earth since the older the star the dimmer its light will be during this study bond could not justify the earlier estimated age of the star so he supposed that mistakes were made in the his calculations initially the age of the star was measured by the rate of nuclear reactions the faster the star consumes hydrogen in the core the younger it is with age instead of hydrogen helium is formed acting as stellar fuel therefore after a billion years a star loses some of its brightness Methuselah is rather dull and estimated to have burned hydrogen for about 16 billion years true this method of calculating the age of a star cannot be considered accurate this led scientists to look for other clues they could prove that Methuselah might be younger after some time scientists still found one sign that most likely indicates a younger age for the star it has to do with oxygen in the early universe it was practically non-existent but in Methuselah the ratio of oxygen to other elements was quite high the increased oxygen content together with all the other indicators allowed scientists to lower the estimate of the present age of the star to 14 point four six billion years but this still doesn't explain the phenomenon because this makes the star 660 million years older than the universe but researchers didn't stop there they continued to try to get to the bottom of this mystery in 2014 another study was conducted that reduced the estimated age of the star even further to fourteen point two seven billion years given the margin of error in the calculations the star is about 14 billion years old which still makes it 200 million years older than the universe however Howard Bonn considered that the error could be greater which means that the star is perhaps younger and appeared immediately after the Big Bang this could have been the end but there's another study that simply shocked astronomers and perplexed the entire world according to information obtained in 2013 by the Planck Space Telescope the verse can only be eleven point four billion years old not 13.8 similar conclusions have been based on the expansion rate of the universe until the end of the 20th century physicists believed that the universe was expanding at a rate of 40 1.6 3 miles or 67 point 4 kilometers per second given this indicator scientists obtained an age of 13.8 billion years but according to a newer study the speed is approximately forty five point nine miles or 74 kilometers per second according to these numbers the universe is only twelve point seven billion years old then scientists made even more accurate calculations and it turned out that the universe is expanding even faster at fifty point nine five miles or eighty two point four kilometers per second which means it's only eleven point four billion years old the expansion rate of the universe the so called Hubble constant can be calculated in two main ways by studying the relic radiation and by measuring the distances between galaxies in the first case the Big Bang itself provides basic information after this grandiose event which gave rise to everything light was left behind which scientists call the cosmic microwave background or relic radiation astronomers have compiled extremely accurate maps of this background which allows us to simulate the early universe its composition and speed of expansion by the second method astronomers collect data from galaxies stars and supernovae these objects change their luminosity as they move further away so that you can measure the speed of the expansion of space this is where all the inconsistencies begin according to the first method the H of the universe corresponds to the number that you'll see if you search on Google or Wikipedia that is 13.8 billion however in terms of the second method space and time are a couple of billion years younger perhaps our universe during different periods of its existence simply expanded at different rates of speed only none of the existing theories today are able to explain this the fact is that the expansion is influenced by dark energy the opposite force to gravity true no one knows for sure what this mysterious force actually is but physicists were always sure that it was constant but if this were so the rate of expansion would also remain stable throughout the entire existence of the universe which is not what we observe so it would seem as if we have missed something there's probably something that can influence dark energy physicists Massimo sir doneö from the university of padova tried to figure out what exactly causes our universe to be so unstable he's focused on the fact that dark energy is largely dependent on quantum fields each similar field is assigned a separate type of particle and extends to all of space-time for example all electrons belong to the field of electrons and neutrinos respectively to the field of neutrinos the energy arising from the interactions of these fields determines the expansion rate of the universe however when physicists tried to calculate the energy of all existing quantum fields the result is a number 120 orders of magnitude greater than the calculated amount of dark energy therefore Massimo sir doneö suggested that there must be a special particle unknown to science capable of influencing dark energy and the entire universe as a whole true the presence of such a particle has been predicted in earlier research in the field of physics and has even been given a name accion presumably this particle appeared immediately after the Big Bang but has remained hidden for billions of years and did not manifest itself in any way but recently the acción has gained influence and has changed the entire field of research about the development of the universe with its quantum field thanks to which we can no longer accurately say when space and time itself arose this leads to curious thoughts if the universe is expanding faster than it did 13 billion years ago does this mean that time is also passing at a different speed today that is with 10 minutes in the 21st century be different from 10 minutes at the dawn of the universe it's rather difficult to answer these questions without ambiguity but whatever the answer Methuselah still remains older than the universe at least it will be so until scientists solve the mystery of dark energy and its elusive particles true if after all future calculations this star remains the oldest in the universe maybe then there was something else before the Big Bang what do you think about it share your opinions in the comments by the way the problem of stars older than the universe already caused confusion for scientists earlier back in the 90s astronomers calculations showed the age of some stars to be as many as 20 billion years however with the development of technology calculations became more accurate and knowledge gaps were filled with new theories and experimental discoveries therefore I will continue to monitor all the changes in science so that you are the first to know about the most interesting and incredible discoveries in or universe if you liked my video give it a thumbs up click on the bell to receive notifications of new releases and subscribe to the channel if you haven't already done so and to share this video with your friends it's more interesting to discuss these fascinating topics together

Channel: Ridddle

Views: 4,934,010

Rating: 4.7540703 out of 5

Keywords: star, stars, univers, oldest star, oldest star in the universe, universe, space, science, education, ridddle, Ridddle, riddle

Id: jiSwvxA5v4Q

Length: 10min 51sec (651 seconds)

Published: Sun Dec 08 2019

Reddit Comments

[u/Baldric]

The age of that star is estimated to be 14.46 ± 0.8 billion years. Mystery solved...

[u/Gandalf196]

Wisdom from YouTube comments:

https://imgur.com/a/Dh93G4l

[u/RedSquirrelFtw]

Just comes to show, we (humans in general) still don't really know for sure anything about the creation. Every time we think we do we realize something we did wrong, or something that just does not jive.

[u/RobertByers1]

The stars were created by God on creation week. later in the week in fact. they have no evidence of stars age, aside from genesis, except some presumptions about calcuating light speed.

Yet before is done light speed must be proven. genesis is very clear that GOD created light on the first day and same day divided the light from the dark. Therefore its impossible that light moves from here to there. likewise the sun and stars were created later and clearly genesis does not see them as a source of light. Only a thing that brings it out beyond the curtain. so scoring light in the universe from a light speed concept is already unbiblical. on creation week light instantly was seen everywhere.

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this video shows how hilarious the errors are that bump into each other. they don't question thier presumptions but just draw, squeeze, everything into a still unworkable model. its like the old greek systems of the universe that they struggled to make work. another crazy thing is how they question thier own rates for measurement. Well then what confidence is there ever in a rate? that comes up in origin matters a lot.

[u/gmtime]

I really like their description of the axion; it sounds like a new God particle. "A particle unknown to science, capable of influencing [...] the entire universe as a whole. [...] Appeared immediately after the big bang but has remained hidden for billions of years and not manifest itself in any way, but recently the axion has gained influence"

Which can with little effort be read as "the God, unknown to science, capable of influencing the entire universe as a whole. Appeared immediately in/after/before the coming into existence of the universe, [...] recently (say 6000 years ago) God has exerted His influence."

The only thing that you can't put into it is the "remained hidden for billions of years". This might be in agreement with Genesis 1:1-4, which would mean that the week of creation started at Genesis 1:5. There's undoubtedly a stream of creationism that adheres to an old universe, but young creation on earth. In such a line of thinking the description of the axion would fit seamlessly.

I'm not sure there is a period of billions of years before the first day of creation. I hold to a creation week in 24 hour days personally, but nothing is set in stone (except the ten commandments).

[u/onecowstampede]

If I recall correctly wasn't this in the news not less than a year ago? https://m.newser.com/story/280371/the-universe-may-have-just-lost-a-couple-of-billion-years.html

[u/id10tjoeuser]

Ah yes. Our old friend and scape goat dark energy yet again is the biggest problem. Also we see other constants like Hubble and the speed of light and the passage of time don’t retrofit nicely either.