9 Deadly and Poisonous Fungi of Eastern North America

[Music] mushroom hunting is becoming a really popular pastime in the united states with more people going out and going mushroom hunting comes a lot more people getting poisoned by not knowing what they're doing when they're out in the woods not knowing how to identify a mushroom or not knowing where to go get them identified having been trying to identify mushrooms myself for going on about three years now i've come to learn that there are a lot of mushrooms that look tasty they look edible they look like they would just be absolutely delicious but are very deceiving still yet there are mushrooms that look like other mushrooms and you can't tell them apart very easily unless you know exactly what you're looking for mushrooms are used for different reasons all across the world some are used for food or as a spice some are used for dying clothing still yet others are used as medicine there are a lot of people out there who claim to know what they're talking about when it comes to mushroom poison and mushroom edibility but i would encourage anyone and everyone to further their research to don't just take one person's word for it so after you watch this video today just because you heard me say that these species are poisonous or toxic you know don't take just my word for it go out and do more research you know there's people that will tell you that hey you ate a lethal mushroom or you ate a poisonous mushroom but it's okay that's not a very lethal dose you'll be okay those kind of people should never be listened to that is not very sound advice uh complications can come with eating these uh deadly mushrooms other than just reaching that lethal dosage that ld of that certain toxic in the mushrooms people will have complications in uh in smaller doses of the toxin that can lead to organ failure so today we're going to talk about some of those deadly mushrooms what they look like what they may smell like how to identify them from something that looks similar to them that way you'll know what to look for you can do some more research on them and you'll know what might kill you or may even kill your animals hiding amongst the ferns we have something extremely deadly this is a destroying angel also known as amanita by sporjera almonida by sporjera is a very deceiving mushroom it's this beautiful ghostly angelic divine white color with no scales on the cap like other arminators you may have seen underneath here you've got this ring at the base we're going to have a sack like vulva i'll dig that up in a moment notice on the stem here you've got decorations of almost like chevrons that go down that's another key factor for nominated by sporjar try to dig it up here oh there you can see there's the vulva so let's dig it out with the knife here's that volvo sack at the bottom of an amanita by sporjera you got to carefully excavate a nominated or that'll get lost in the ground got that ring here the ring is what usually colors the gills whenever it's very young usually there will be a ring that goes around the top of the stem there in between the stem and the gills because the gills don't usually touch this omni is a little bit atypical and actually has slightly decurrent gills gonna take some of this five percent potassium hydroxide solution and drop it under the cap and i'll make the bicycle jar will turn yellow there you go i'm going to buy spore jerry isn't the only destroying angel that we have in our area i've also come across amanita magna valerius which does not turn yellow with the co on the cap so with amanitas you're going to want to stay away from them because of the potential toxins in them i mean this one is absolutely deadly if ingested because it has what are called amitoxins in them foliotina rugosa or kanosabe rugosa also used to be called kanosabe fellairus doesn't really have a common name but you'll find these growing on the ground or in in leaf litter in hardwood forests they have this small cap it's usually about one to two centimeters wide brown caps that are actually wrinkly their stem is very small one to three millimeters wide it'll have a ring on the stem that can have grooves on the top the cap is hygrophinous as well it will lose color as it dries out the stem is brownish and it's going to have these filabrils all up and down it it's it's a very small mushroom easily overlooked but it's very deadly with the amitoxins that are present in it here underneath these uh we got a tulip poplar i see some birch uh rhododendron so lots of hardwoods right here we've got what looks like anoscibe or ionosphere sororia now known as pseudosperma sororia it's in the family anasa basia common name is the corn silk fiber head you can see how the cap kind of has these fibrous this fibrous look that goes uh like from the middle of the cap to the outside of the cap so just like strings that go from the middle to the outside maybe hearing some slightly better lighting you can see the strings that i'm talking about one thing that sets this one apart is that it's this this tan color instead of a dark brown its gills are going to be uh kind of they can turn their whitish at first but they turn like a grayish color and eventually may have a greenish color to them see this base here it's slightly bulbous and it's small it's going to be slightly spermatic or mealy in um in the way that it smells that's that's where the the genus pseudosperma comes from i know so basia typically has a brown spore print this one will as well you can even kind of see where the gills are getting like a brown color to them where they're starting to have mature spores on the underside there but this is i know specie is one of those uh genus that it's important to get you an odor profile so that's spermatic odor it's it's pretty important in in distinguishing between different uh sp or genus in the family i know so basia look at the fibrous cap there it's called rimos here are a couple of other examples of what an inos of aca can look like you've got that little nipple on the cap there you can see the fibers on the cap on this one too the underside here you can see that it's still pretty white but when you smell them yeah these are spermatic again so i got a slightly bulbous base so these are probably in that pseudosperma genus again here's what i suspect to be the other destroying angel that we have in our area amanita magnavolaris so what we'll do is we're going to test this with some koh to see if it turns yellow and if it does not turn yellow that's a good indicator also this thick skirt or ring on the on the stem here is a good indicator and also this really thick felting vulva is another good indicator so here's the moment of truth remember if it does not turn yellow then this is going to be amanita magna valerius it is not turning yellow so this is the destroying angel that does not turn yellow with koh it still has those amitoxins in it you do not want to eat this i know why it's a pretty color it may look attractive but this is deadly toxic gallerina marginado or galrana marginata also known as the funeral bell has a brown cap it's hygrophinus so it loses color as it dries out the stem can be whitish to reddish brown to brownish and has a very weak flimsy ring or ring zone on it that covers its gills whenever it's very young it can be found in hardwood or conifer forest on the wood itself uh growing gregariously to even uh clustered at times uh the cap does not have any hairs or anything on it and it's uh rounded on the top and sometimes it becomes flat the gills are widely attached to slightly decurrent down the stem the mycelium is white at the base of the stem you can see some of these little pins here that can be very very tiny the caps are 1.5 centimeters to 5 centimeters wide and they're often mistaken for enoki mushrooms um flaming lena value types people go hunting for these all the time at this time of year in the in the spring in the fall spore print is rusty brown and what do we have here we've got some orange mushrooms growing directly from the base of a tree which appears to be some type of oak so here is one of these beautiful clusters of orange mushrooms growing off this oak tree looking at that oak leaf is probably a type of red oak but a lot of people mistake these for chanterelle mushrooms these are not deadly toxic but these are poisonous if you ingest them you will get sick so these are recognizable because they're orange on the cap they are orange underneath on the gills and the stem the gills are slightly decurrent they have true gills as opposed to fall skills like a chanterelle so these these gills here they'll be sharp on the edge kind of like a knife with a chanterelle you'll break it open and peel it down the center and it'll peel apart like string cheese and be white in the center these here will not be white let me show you i'll go ahead and rip one of these open and it'll show you that it doesn't really rip like string cheese there are a couple strings there but they're they adhere much better in a actual chanterelle but see how the inside is totally orange totally orange not white at all like a chanterelle so there you have it this is a jack-o'-lantern mushroom also known as omphalotus illudins they call it the jack-o-lantern mushroom because it will glow in the dark it not and you can see it with the naked eye um capturing it on a camera is very difficult unless you have some kind of a big fancy camera that can do long exposures but these mushrooms glow in the dark because of a chemical chemical called luciferin so there's a another interesting tidbit jack-o'-lantern mushrooms so here we have the button stage of vomiting muscaria you can see that it's just now starting to elongate it's not even really showing any of the stem yet but it's got this these little patchy areas on the cap here and the stem is pretty patchy too a little bit older you start to see some of these patches break up on the cap the stem still pretty much connected to that cap you start to see some of the concentric rings around the base of the stem continues to age it's going to have these warts to start to become more pronounced on the cap it's going to keep this yellow orange color it's going to start to separate from the stem somewhat i'm going to keep those concentric rings around the base there this decorated stem see the ring still hanging on continues to age it's going to open up some more got that typical umbrella shape the bottom starting to get those really nice concentric zones on the bottom of the stem the ring has finally let go as it ages it may start to lose parts of its cap from being broken by the natural reasons or animals maybe chewing on them still it's got the ring here that's falling down it's not up there anymore but the rings or the the gills they're not attached to the stem on nominated muscaria or any aminata for that matter see how they don't really touch it gets older it will start to turn inside out looking gonna keep a few of the warts in there but not many the rain's gonna wash a lot of those off still got a little bit of a ring on this one the concentric zones around the ring here so this one's getting pretty old i most frequently find already muscaria in white pines here uh i've read that you can also find them in oaks sometimes but every time i've ever found them it's been in white pines these are young chlorophyllum molybdites or the vomiter the sickener are some common names for it green spored parasol is also another name for it these are very young right now but they often grow in these fairy rings in yards because their mycelium begins in the middle here and then just grows outward in a circle but you can sell these apart from other mushrooms because these have the brown scales on the cap the greenish yellowish-looking stem there they're white inside whenever you cut them open they'll have a ring around the stem whenever they open up but the most important characteristic to being able to identify chlorophyll in multiple ducts is that they have green spore prints so whenever these open up and they drop their spores they'll have white gills but they'll have green spore prints so i'll get one of those to show you so [Applause] do this poor print is huh it's a few days old now but it's still very much green on this white paper it's kind of a darker olive green now but it was a little bit lighter whenever it first dropped but this is the green spore print of chlorophyll and molybdatz check out this little rough shaped guy it's even puffin these are known as sclerodoma citronum or the poison pig skin puff ball i usually find these growing on top of moss that's growing on top of roots or something like that these appear to be grown terrestrially but they're probably just growing from woody debris here on the ground but when we cut these bad boys open they're going gonna be black on the inside all right here we go cut it right down the middle here oh wow look at that gorgeous all that black inside of there that's gonna be the spores as this thing becomes older and becomes more like a puff ball it'll form a hole in the top of the the puff ball the round body here and these black spores will start to puff out i've already broken this one open here you'll see a little bit more spongy and light in the side but these are poisonous species and typically i hear about dogs that ate these more than anything they got this very scaly skin on the outside and you can see the skin or the pyridium i believe it's called it's pretty thick compared to a normal puff ball normal puff ball might be like one millimeter or so this right here we're looking at two maybe three millimeters on this bad boy as they get older you may find these little things on the ground here where they've already busted open and they look almost like cup fungus and can be mistaken for cut fungus but just look how thick the skin is look at the bumpy outside there and you'll recognize that hopefully as declared on my situation so the first poison that i wanted to talk about the first toxin i wanted to talk about within these mushrooms is the hematoxins amitoxins can be found in section palo audie with the destroying angels the great felt scared dominated in the death camp which is found uh under lolly pine i've read in virginia the death camp uh gallerina marginata uh the funeral bell it's in poliotina rugosa or conestability polaris whichever name you know might know that by as you seen earlier it's also sometimes found in lepiotis species and this death occurs because of liver or kidney failure initial symptoms start six to 24 hours after ingestion then there's a period of what seems to be a recovery that could last 12 to 24 hours and then after this your symptoms come back and are even worse you know could lead to jaundice coma and eventually death uh it is treatable but it's it's pretty rigorous with muscarin you're going to find these in anastasia the fiber cats uh some of those genus in the ionosphere that we find in our area are pseudosperma uh anasabi uh malasabi and innosperma clytosp species or funnels uh they're sometimes found uh in this area and can have muscarin enpalotus illudins or the jack-o'-lantern mushroom entaloma species also known as pink gills not to be confused with the deer mushroom which also have pink gills or garcus which sometimes have pink gills as well and mycena species or bonnets almond and miscarriage can have muscarin in very very low quantities not usually enough to harm people but it is still there and some people have had muscarine poisoning syndrome because of ingestion of omniscaria death usually occurs because of respiratory or central nervous system failure some of the symptoms that come with this you know are blurred vision increased elevation um abdominal cramping gastric acid secretion diarrhea etc whenever dogs eat any of these that's what people will notice is the excessive salvation symptoms can start 15 minutes to two hours after ingestion i mean death can occur in as early as eight to nine hours after ingestion some miscellaneous toxins include orelanine which is in the coronary species or webcaps some of those gyromitron and monomethylhydrazine which is found in gyromychia esculenta or phosmorial uh glycogen glycogen glycoprotein antigens found in paxos invalidus or the brown roll rim polyporic acid found in haplopilots nebulance or the tender nesting polygon uh illidan's yemen s are another toxin that are inside the envelopedis illidans of the jack-o'-lantern followed in by lloyden uh in aminata fellowedes is in the death cat and ibotanic acid or muscular found in the muscaria variants of amineda and insectiopentherinae so some of the stuff that can come with these different toxins orlean death can occur because of kidney failure uh with gyromitran uh comes multiple organ failure with the glycoprotein antigens autoimmune reaction with himolysis however that's pronounced which is red blood cells exploding that sounds terrifying polyporic acid leads to kidney or liver failure and perhaps even more scary brain damage can occur with with those illidan's m s um nausea vomiting abdominal pain headache feelings exhaustion weakness etc that's not typically a deadly uh mushroom that's just one of the ones that's poisonous we're not going to want to eat anyways because this is what can happen the phthalo palloidin if you know the iron toxins in the amanita fellowities don't kill you then you're going to experience some pretty severe gi upset likely um and then the ibutinic acid muscle moth stuff found in them i made a muscaria or the hominid section pantherina you know it's going to give gi upset central nervous system excitation or depression

Channel: The Wilderness Perspective

Views: 13,925

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Id: sKkZNUkawek

Length: 21min 48sec (1308 seconds)

Published: Fri Sep 24 2021