10 Wild Mushrooms! Polypores, Boletes, Gilled Fungi, & More!

[Music] greetings everyone my name is Adam Harrington and today I'd like to share with you some recent wild mushroom finds that I think you'll really enjoy so I've been traveling the past several weeks leaving all different kinds of mushroom programs throughout the Northeast and of course one of the benefits of traveling for me is being able to see and document and film a wide range of fungal species and all different kinds of habitats and in this video I'd like to share with you some of the more interesting mushrooms that I've recently filmed now keep in mind as you watch this video that not all the species in this video are edible some of them are edible and some of them are actually quite delicious edible mushrooms some of the mushrooms in this video are inedible and a few of them are toxic so as you watch this video definitely keep your ears open and pay attention so that you do not make any mistakes and to simplify matters I'm going to categorize the following mushrooms in this video based on morphological features so we are going to start with polypore mushrooms then move on to bolete mushrooms then gilled mushrooms then gump FOID and choral fungi and then we are going to finish off with toothed fungi sound good let's get started [Music] [Music] so we are going to start off with polypore mushrooms and poly cores are among our most significant decomposers of woody material now polypore fungi which are also known as shelf or bracket fungi mostly grow on wood though a few species do grow terrestrially and poly pores are so named because the undersides of their caps are comprised of many pores which are actually the openings of tubes the first mushroom in this group that will discuss is the appropriately named beefsteak polypore fist Jelena hepatica this mushroom literally looks like a slab of raw meat on the side of a tree and if you don't think that's true then take your knife and slice this mushroom into thin strips and look how closely the beefsteak polypore resembles meat now the beefsteak polypore shouldn't be confused for the beefsteak Morel the latter of which is a member of the gyromite regina's that typically appears during the spring months in North America the beefsteak polypore on the other hand is found summer through autumn in eastern North America and it grows directly on wood especially on living or dead oak and chestnut trees now unfresh the cap of the beefsteak polypore is an unmistakable pinkish red to blood-red color though this color will become reddish-brown in maturity when cut in half you will see that the inner flesh of the cap is whitish when young and it soon becomes juicy and streaked with dark red zones again very reminiscent of raw meat the underside of the beefsteak polypore contains closely spaced tubes that are separated from one another this feature isn't always easy to see with the naked eye but if you use a hand lens or if you look really closely you will see these discrete units of tubes or pipes whose walls are not joined together because of this unique feature many taxonomy and mushroom enthusiasts don't actually consider this mushroom to be a true polypore mushroom rather the beefsteak polypore may be more closely related to Sifl led fungi and civilly fungi are small fungi that have cup to tube shaped often pendent fruiting bodies regardless of taxonomical placement the beefsteak polypore is edible and i personally prefer to marinade thin strips of this mushroom in vinegar and olive oil then cook these on a cast and skillet for a few minutes on each side the flavor is a bit like cooked though somewhat tangy portobello mushrooms another polypore mushroom that you're very likely to find while exploring the woods during the summer and autumn months is Berkeley's polypore this mushroom belongs to the globally distributed bond art sevilla genus which contains around 11 species of fungi and the genus name bond art sevilla is named after russian botanist and mycologist with the last name of bond arts EV also the species name celebrates a 19th century British mycologist and plant pathologist by the name of miles Joseph Berkeley so Berkeley's polypore bond art Sevilla Burke le I is one of the few fungi whose genus and species names both reflect people specifically those who had a major impact on the developing science of mycology this large cream to tan-colored polypore is a parasitic and saprotrophic fungus found at the basis of oak trees and other deciduous trees and because of its overall appearance fruiting habit and season of fruiting Berkeley's polypore is often confused for the maitake mushroom the latter of which is also known as hen of the woods or grifoll of frond dosa however Berkeley's polypore unlike the maitake mushroom can have individual caps that grow up to ten inches across or greater and entire fruiting zuv Berkeley's poly pork can grow up to three feet across or greater now the Berkeley's polypore is surprisingly edible when young though this mushroom is mostly inedible as it matures unless you harvest the cap margins or turn dried specimens into seasonings or incorporate them into stock however keep in mind that Berkeley's polypore tends to become bitter with age the last polypore that we'll discuss in this video is one that shatters the myth that there are no toxic poly pores because this one right here is toxic this is the tender nesting polypore Kappa la polla Smigiel UNS also known as hapless ruta lens and this mushroom contains a significant concentration of pelipper ik acid consumption of this toxic fungus has been associated with this regulation of central nervous system function as well as kidney dysfunction initial symptoms of tender nesting polypore toxicity include abdominal pain nausea vomiting and headache followed by neurological symptoms including vertigo loss of muscle control imbalance drowsiness and visual disturbances so you definitely do not want to consume the tender nesting polypore but if you're interested in positively identifying this toxic fungus here are some key features to keep in mind the tender nesting polypore is a small fleshy annual mushroom that grows directly on hardwood sticks and logs typically during the spring summer and autumn months each cap of this fungus can be up to five inches wide the stock list cap is some shade of cinnamon brown to orangish brown and it's typically semicircular to fan-shaped in appearance a very important feature of the tender nesting polypore is that the texture and consistency of the cap is soft when the mushroom is young and fresh older specimens however will have caps that are drier and Corky er the underside of the cap contains pores that are colored like the cap and occasionally these pores will bruise to a darker color an important feature to note with the tender nesting polypore is the color change that occurs when you apply a drop of potassium hydroxide to any of its surfaces upon doing this the mushroom will turn a beautiful lilac or lavender color and interestingly another symptom of toxicity after ingesting this mushroom is having violet colored urine so don't ever eat the tender nesting polypore but I encourage you to learn how to properly identify it so that you can find it appreciate it and not confuse it for anything else the next group of mushrooms that we'll explore is the bull eat group of mushrooms and bullets are generally recognized as having soft cushioning caps in fertile areas comprised of spongy removable layers of tubes and pores bull eats mostly arise from the ground and they largely form ecto mycorrhizal associations with trees now whenever we find a wild mushroom that fits these general characteristics it doesn't take us too long to categorize such a wild mushroom as a bolita mushroom by putting a genus and species name on it is a different story altogether bleep mushroom identification can be very tricky even with access to prime specimens and resources fortunately there are several wild bolete mushrooms that can be easily identified including the two that we're about to discuss the bull eat mushroom pictured here is placed in the tile appleís genus and a Thai lopoliths genus is one of the largest and most widespread ecto mycorrhizal general in the boletes order of fungi species in this genus typically feature caps that are dry poor surfaces that are usually whitish when young becoming pinkish to pinkish Brown at maturity and solid stalks that lack partial veils or glandular dots this particular tilapia species is Thai lopoliths plum bo violaceous the violet Greybull eat this beautiful medium-sized belief can be found summer through autumn in eastern North America growing terrestrially in association with hardwood trees the violet gray believes has a cap that can grow up to six inches across and this cap is typically purplish when young and grayish brownish in maturity the underside of the cap contains a poor service that is whitish when young and as the spores mature the poor surface becomes pinkish tan as beautiful as this mushroom looks the violet grape elite is very bitter tasting and is therefore unfortunately not considered to be edible now the violet gray belief is not the only belief in eastern North America with bitter tasting flesh there are actually several of these quote-unquote bitter bullets that are placed within the tuile appleís genus this one however tuile appleís plum bo violaceous is one of the few bitter bullets that features purplish colors overall the second bullet mushroom that will discuss is very unbelief like and that its fertile structures are comprised of gills rather than tubes and pores this particular mushroom is the gill bullet phyllo porous roto xanthus it's edible and it belongs to a diverse genus that contains predominantly gill like fungi rather than poor Royd fungi there are an estimated 70 to 85 species within the file of pores genus these mushrooms are primarily distributed throughout the tropics though a few phyla poor species grow here in North America including phyla porous rota xanthus this particular Gill bullet is very characteristic of a bullet mushroom when viewed from the top because of its soft cushiony cap which is dull red to reddish brown and this mushroom is very characteristic of a file of porous species when you observe the underside take a good look underneath the cap and you will see bright yellow gills that are de current meaning these gills run down the stock and you'll also see lots of interconnecting cross veins between the gills now it's important to understand when attempting to positively identify this file of porous mushroom because you have to observe the color of the mycelium located at the base of the stock Philo porous rota xanthus contains yellow mycelium while a related species which is nearly identical contains white basal mycelium speaking of guild mushrooms let us now turn our attention towards some wild mushrooms that unquestionably contain gills clearly that guild bull eat that we just talked about does contain gill like structures though that mushroom is still taxonomically considered to be a bolita mushroom the following two mushrooms are considered to be guild a Garrick mushrooms ones that are commonly encountered during the summer in autumn months in wooded habitats the first guild agaric mushroom that we'll discuss is a member of the russell a genus now i got to tell you Rossella mushrooms can be almost impossible to identify down to the species level in the field because the rustle of genus is poorly researched in North America here in North America around 332 rustle of species have been described with an additional 87 European species believed to be present on the continent the total number of species reported to grow North America therefore is around 419 though the actual number of North American Russell's species is suggested to be three to four times that amount despite the mystery surrounding this genus there are a few Russell and mushrooms whose identities are not so cryptic including this mushroom right here this species is the quilted green Russell ax and it belongs to the Russell a parvovirus ins group now Russell and mushrooms in general are characterized by having fruiting bodies that are very brittle in this species is no exception by the time this mushroom is mature the cap is already missing a few pieces the stock may have a few holes in it and the gills may be partially eroded the quilted green Russell is unique in that its overall size is relatively small its cap is green and the cap features a patchwork pattern the gills of Russell a parvo VR essence our whites and the directly connected to the stock in the stock of this mushroom does not contain a ring nor any sack or volva at its base rustle up our gove your essence is edible and cooked though it can be difficult to find undamaged specimens and then to get these undamaged specimens home without breaking them into a hundred pieces I have the best luck finding these mushrooms underneath oaks and other hardwood trees the second guilded garrick that we'll discuss is a mushroom that is commonly encountered in oak forests during the summer and autumn months this one belongs to a genus containing mostly mycorrhizal fungi and this genus is estimated to house between 900 to 1,000 species worldwide with over 500 species currently described in the literature and of course I'm talking about the Amanita genus this particular Amanita mushroom is Amanita Parsi vole vada now at first glance this mushroom resembles two other Amanita mushrooms the first being the classic fly agaric mushroom Amanita muscaria in a second being the American Caesar mushroom Amanita Jack Sonia and its relatives however Amanita parse evolve odda the mushroom featured here is distinct from those other two groups of fungi based on several key morphological differences Amanita parse evolve odda contains an orangish red cap decorated with a few white to yellowish patches sometimes though the patches will be absent depending on the age of the mushroom the stock of Amanita parse evolve vada is yellowish and it lacks a ring entirely so there is no partial veil remnant that encircles the stock also the base of Amanita parse Evo vada is only slightly bulbous and it lacks a distinct sack like vulva this mushroom contains creamy to yellowish gills that are not attached to the stem and a spore print produced by Amanita Parsi Bovada is white now this mushroom is not recommended for eating because it is suspected to be toxic so definitely keep Amanita parse evolve odd out of the frying pan but appreciate it for all that it's doing to assist in the health of oak forests the next assemblage of fungi that we'll briefly touch upon is the superficially grouped dome Floyd and coral fungi more specifically we are going to feature two members of the Gulf Ally's order now the Gulf Ally's order is a rather large group of ecto mycorrhizal in saprotrophic fungi spanning three families eighteen general and around 336 species most species in this order exist in temperate zones in the northern hemisphere though plenty of tropical and subtropical species exist as well the first fungus in the Gulf Ally's order that we'll discuss is one that kind of sort of looks like a chanterelle at first glance though upon closer inspection we can see that this mushroom is definitely not a true chanterelle mushroom this is turbine Ellis flock OSIS though in older field guides you'll see the name gump this Flacco's is being used despite not being a true chanterelle mushroom turbine Ellis flock kosis is still referred to as the shaggy chanterelle the scaly vase chanterelle and the woolly chanterelle this is a mycorrhizal species that grows in association with conifer trees and it's typically found during the summer season through late autumn in eastern North America the entire fruiting body is vase shaped with a cap that will eventually expand up to six inches in width the cap is deeply depressed in full of orange to reddish orange scales the underside or outer surface of the scale Eve a chanterelle is creamy to brownish in color and it's comprised of forked wrinkles and folds here in North America turban Ellis flock kosis is not recommended for the table because it's consumption has been associated with gastrointestinal illnesses like nausea vomiting and diarrhea however many people do eat the species around the world while experiencing no ill effects but because I do not eat the species and because many people recommend against eating the species I too cannot recommend turbine Ellis plot kosis for the table this next fungus is a relative of the previous mushroom despite looking vastly different so we're still discussing fungi in the golf alleys order in this particular mushroom is part of the most diverse genus within the gum valleys order which is the romário genus now romário species can be very tricky to identify especially in the field though fortunately this particular mushroom has a few key features that help us arrive at a positive ID so which room area species is this well this one is room area stricte the strict branch coral or the upright coral fungus this fungus grows directly on wood and if you see it fruiting terrestrially venice fruiting from buried wood overall romário stricte is yellowish tan to brownish in color and it's fruiting body consists of closely spaced vertically oriented branches that run parallel to one another the tips of each branch end in points rather than in crown like depressions and the taste of this fungus is bitter now while many people in various cultures eat certain room area species including romário stricte many other people get sick eating Romero species because romário mushrooms can be incredibly difficult to positively identify I recommend not ingesting any room area mushrooms including this one right here Romario stricte in the last mushroom that will feature in this video is a tooth fungus specifically one in the hidden elem deenus now members of this genus are terrestrial mycorrhizae fungi with tough flesh in a fertile area underneath the cap that contains tiny downward-pointing spines from where the spores are dispersed this particular hidden alum species is the velvet tooth head nellams spongy OSA Peas and it can be found growing terrestrially in hardwood forests summer through autumn this mushroom contains a velvety brownish cap that bruises darker brown when scratched or handled the underside of the cap contains closely spaced spines and just as we see with the cap these spines will bruise darker when scratched or handled and an important feature to note with hidden elem spongy OSA peas is that its stock is spongy and swollen now hidden elem species are unique in that they're growing fruiting bodies will often engulf the surrounding debris on the forest floor so it's not uncommon to see sticks twigs rocks and leaf litter interspersed throughout in poking through the caps of these mushrooms regarding edibility the velvet tooth is not considered to be toxic though it's much too tough in Corky to ingest so there we have it 10 wild mushrooms that you may have a good fortune of finding especially if you live in eastern North America and you are exploring the woods during the summer and autumn months now remember not all the mushrooms in this video we read about some were edible some were inedible and a few of them are toxic but regardless of edibility status all the mushrooms in this video are worth appreciating not only for the good looks but also for the good deeds that they're performing and ecosystems that look like this and last but certainly not least don't forget to also harvest trash every time you're out here harvesting mushrooms as a way of reciprocating the gifts that are offered to you it doesn't take a lot of time to do something like this though doing something like this can result in huge changes especially if other people see you doing something as simple as harvesting trash and stewarding a particular piece of land that you love so thanks again for watching this video if you appreciated it if you liked watching it then feel free to subscribe to the YouTube channel you can also head on over to learn your landcom sign up for the email newsletter so that we could stay in touch thanks again I'll see you on the next video [Music] you

Channel: Learn Your Land

Views: 99,721

Keywords: Learn Your Land, Adam Haritan, Mushroom, Mushrooms, Mushroom Hunting, Mycology, Foraging, Wild Edibles, Fungi, Fungus, Paul Stamets, Hunting, Gardening, Outdoors, Botany, Plants, Nature, Pennsylvania, Boletes, Polypores, Medicinal Mushrooms, Primitive Skills, Permaculture, Fishing, Trapping, Hiking, Backpacking, Survival

Id: tytuwjqJhWo

Length: 20min 34sec (1234 seconds)

Published: Tue Aug 06 2019