5 English Grammar Rules you Must Learn Before you Die (or after)

five English grammar rules you must learn before you die or after I let them talk TV brilliant brilliant [Music] in verses two verses at position and Cincy now this is a very common mistake I hear among learners of English and that is the difference between prepositions of movements and prepositions of position for example I often hear something like I went in Italy last weekend not correct I was to London yesterday not correct here is why to is a preposition of movement so you'll often use it with verbs that indicate movements such as go or come I went to Italy last week I came back to France yesterday in is usually a preposition of position so you use it with the verb to be I was in Italy last month I've been studying in France for the last six weeks now two points bear in mind in can mean inside or in two so in this case it represents movement when it's in to look at this sentence she walked in the room it's ambiguous isn't it did she come from another place and into the room or was she already in the room and walking around it as I said in is usually used for position but sometimes we use in when what we really mean is inside or in - she walked inside the room that's clear she was in the room walking around it she walked into the room she came from elsewhere so sometimes in English we shortened inside them into two in this is perfectly okay and correct just don't do it if it can lead to some misunderstanding so sometimes if you want to be completely clear say she came into the room or she entered the room while she walked inside the room now question for you what's the difference between these two sentences he's at the station he's in the station let me explain that means in the vicinity of but not necessarily inside let's meet at the station in front of the entrance outside okay in means geographically inside let's meet in the station at the ticket office so you can use at to me inside or outside but in only means inside I'll be at home this afternoon in the garden which is outside of course I left my suitcases in my house being two versus being in two now this is very much linked to the last point but I thought I should explain it separately because it's such a common mistake so look at these two sentences I've been to Chicago I've been in Chicago what's the difference now as I said earlier to is about movement so being to Chicago means that you have made a visit or a trip to Chicago at least once in your life that's why the correct question to this answer would be have you ever been to Chicago not in Chicago in is about position as I said earlier so if you're staying or living somewhere or studying somewhere you would use being in I've been in Chicago for six months you've been in to talk about where you are currently at now let's look at the question how long have you been in Chicago so with how long questions use the preposition in okay so when you use gone to now been to means that you have traveled to a place but then traveled away I've been to Moscow twice this year Don to means that you have traveled to a place and you are still there where is Hillary wow she's gone to Dublin come back next week obligation must have to and have got to so in the affirmative what's the difference between must and have to and have got to now all of them are forms of obligation do they have a similar meaning yes they do is there a difference well there is a nuance of difference between must and the other two have to and have got to must is about an internal obligation and have to have got to refer to an external obligation let me give you an example and it'll become clearer I must go to the dentist this week okay so the speaker believes it's necessary for him I have to finish this report by 5:00 p.m. right there is an external obligation on the speaker they're looking another example I must see more vegetables good for my health okay an internal obligation I've got to clean the dishes or my girlfriend be very angry of me okay that's an external obligation now in questions - you might see this distinction must you make that noise must you leave now can't you stay there longer I've got to go because I have an appointment okay have got to and must or just used in the present tense in the past tense and future tense use will have to or had to in the past tense I had to go to the dentist yesterday you can't use must then now this is a nuance if you say do you have to make that noise or I must clean the dishes it's okay it's perfectly okay you will be understood however looking the negatives between mustn't and don't have to there is a big difference okay mustn't is a negative obligation you mustn't talk in the library you mustn't smoke in here don't have to means no obligation it's okay if you do it you don't have to I don't have to work tomorrow I said no obligation you can if you want I don't have to read this book but I like it when you should use food in spoken English now a common question I get as an English teacher is what is the difference between who and whom and my answer is that while I'm happy to explain it most of the time most of the time it's not important you can carry on with your daily life without knowing the difference walk down the street by bananas play tennis or a pizza and live your life happily without whom however there is one case where whom is still frequently used in spoken English okay and I'll come back to that in a moment before I do that let me briefly explain the difference for those who really want to know okay so who is used to talk about the subject of a sentence who are you calling is that right no it should be whom whom are you calling because if you answer the question who are you calling the answer is I'm calling him or I'm calling her or I'm calling them which are object pronouns so it must be whom but do we say that in conversation whom are you calling no absolutely not if you insist on saying it then okay it's grammatically correct and I'm not going to stop you but almost everybody will say who who are you calling okay sometimes you'll hear speakers using whom after preposition okay you gave the book to whom from whom did you receive that gift of an octopus but again do we say that it's possible but rare who did you give that book to much much more common to remove the whom and just put a two at the end of the sentence so let me get the point yes we still do use whom in everyday conversation in one situation okay and that is after quantifiers such as many several some of both of a number of for example I met three girls two of whom were wearing hats many people came to the party some whom got really drunk we had hundreds of candidates a small number of whom had the right profile of course in these sentences you could use them instead of whom but if you did that you would have to make a new sentence we had hundreds of candidates . some of them had the right profile it's correct but sometimes you want to keep it in one sentence for the flow okay it's just sounds more conversational and flowing so it's just a question of style okay but as you can see whom is used in conversation question words and relative pronoun now look at these sentences and tell me if they are correct or incorrect I don't know who is that man are you sure you know what does he want no of course not they are not correct but I've heard these type of sentences so often I'm sure I give him every day as an English teacher so the correct sentences are I don't know who that man is are you sure you know what he wants now the confusion lies in the words who what how which why when where these are the words we use to form questions but these words have two functions now when we form questions in English we use what we call inversion all this means is that we swap the position of the subject and the verb so that the auxilary or modal verb goes before the subject you did that to make the question the subject goes before the verb and of course you start the question with the question marker did did you do that and we can add a how before that to get more information how did you do that how did you do that you are here that's a statement to make a question we use inversion so you put the verb before the subject are you here we had a question word for more information why are you here now these question words have a second function as relative pronouns but when you use them as relative pronouns you do not use inversion and this is where the confusion lies I do not know why you are here no inversion never say I do not know why are you here okay that's not correct so here's an exercise correct these sentences please explain where did you put the coconuts not correct no inversion and you don't need the question marker did please explain where you put the coconuts that's correct I need to know what should I do your turn I need to know what I should do so that's correct I need to know what I should do easy huh

Channel: LetThemTalkTV

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Keywords: English grammar, grammar, grammar mistakes, LetThemTalkTV, yt:cc=on, learn English, English teacher, British pronunciation

Id: 9pF0x-AFGnM

Length: 13min 14sec (794 seconds)

Published: Mon Jul 08 2019