1984 SPECIAL REPORT: "1984 REVISITED"

it was a bright cold day in April and the clocks were striking 13 so begins George Orwell's famous novel 1984 it's a book about a London that was a world that may yet be tonight we revisit 1984 [Music] [Laughter] this is a CBS News special 1984 revisited with Walter Cronkite this portion is sponsored by exon office systems from standalone information processors to full office automation it's the future without the shock at exon office systems were dedicated to being the high tech office down-to-earth [Applause] with information processes can grow with right up to a fully functioned office automation systems printers to complete just about anything with hardly a sound [Music] digital fax machines have send a page in twenty seconds flat improving customer support and service can count on for more information call 800 three two seven six six six six exon office systems it's the future good up the shock [Music] from the gloomy streets of London after world war two came a warning of a gloomy world of the future a future of technical marbles that in the hands of ruthless dictators had turned the people into soulless robots the year 1984 how close are we how close how close Afghanistan [Applause] El Salvador Iran in many places today the calendar reads 1983 when everything else says 1984 nothing subtle about repression here but there are threats to Liberty in the West also threats of a more subtle kind premonitions of repression and computer invasions of privacy new technologies of surveillance behavior modification research things that make people think of words like Orwellian and of the novel 1984 since its first publication 1984 has sold more than 11 million copies and the english-language version alone has been translated into 30 languages here the Yugoslavian Edition each of these foreign editions here in the Orwell archive at the University of London represents another language given a new term for tyrant he may be there grossa Bruder yo grandi fratello grote a brewer or big brother but the world knows him as the ultimate dictator he has made his way into the headlines as news men try to describe total tyranny as a synonym for repression for Wells name has been turned into an adjective and enshrined in the dictionary behind all this is a novel that is half satire half sermon Orwell set the story in a future called 1984 in a city called London in a country called Oceania its ruler was big brother he was never seen in person but was the figurehead for the ruling elite and the focus for the love and fear of the people one of those people was 607 9 Smith W Winston Smith worked at the Ministry of Truth revising back issues of newspapers because even the past was on the control of the state the world was at war in 1984 constantly at war has three superpowers in shifting alliances fought for land and resources a kind of permanent martial law existed everywhere police enforced absolute loyalty sex was unpatriotic privacy disloyal and the television sets were equipped to watch back for Winston Smith adequate food and cheap government gin were not enough he fell in love with a woman named Julia he tried to become a traitor to Big Brother but the thought police had their electronic eyes on him and Winston and Julia were arrested under the electronic pain machine he learned to believe that if the state wished two plus two could equal five and finally he was taken to room 101 where torture was planned to play on a person's deepest fear for Winston they had prepared a mask filled with live hungry rats his last defences fell do it - Julia he cried not me Julia they released him then to drink his gin under the watchful eye of the telescreen the struggle was finished Winston was cured he loved Big Brother that's the outline of George Orwell's novel 1984 a curious story for a man not given two flights of fancy it was not a prophecy of the future at all it was just a kind of toy kind of game a horrible game that all was playing Anthony Burgess author of a Clockwork Orange and a study of Orwell's work found 1984 firmly rooted in 1948 oh well thought a great deal about the title the original title was to be the last man in Europe but then he thought of calling it in 1948 of course it was written in that year and published in 49 and it always seems to me who knew London at that time after the war there he was presenting London as it was in that state of post-war squalor and depression do you think that he was writing more of a parody of 1948 than he was warning of the future he recognized you know in the world of 1948 certain things that would develop in the future but these are very small things they're things they weren't that big things no everything's that television the the two-way television screen the which we have now in every supermarket you know smile you're on TV this will kind of fulfillment of your William prophecy a very small prophecy and he took various things from the world of a late 1930s this phrase you know big brother is watching you sprang out of a correspondence college that was ran in English one in England run by a man called Bennett and Bennett showed me these advertisements either his own smiling face saying let me be your father and when he was getting bit 12 for the job he already some today go over and this son said let me be your big brother as well a phrase came from this is how Orwell described big brother a man of about 45 with a black mustache and ruggedly handsome features his face full of power and a mysterious calm model for the leader of Oceania may have been Joseph Stalin in the two decades he held power over Russia citizens were required to call him great teacher and friend yet he maintained his grip by police terror and ruthless purges but also in the images the strange magnetism of Benito Mussolini whose rhetoric captured Italy in the twenties has decades of absolute power he was compared to Caesar and Napoleon the slogans on the walls said he was always right oh it's so fresh in Orwell's memory he was Adolphe Hitler I became the first citizen of his culture and the embodiment of absolute authority big brother contenders who came to power after our well wrote 1984 certainly would have included Mao Zedong under him the largest nation in the world came the no fanatical devotion to the cult of personality now you're told who many of Iran the scale is smaller but again there is the power and the coat the mass rally and the posters on the wall we put a computer to work to extract a composite Big Brother from photographs of some of the centuries dictators attempting to do in picture what olive oil did in prose the result of this high-tech process was this dark brooding fellow who seems at the same time vaguely menacing and comfortably familiar Orwell wrote Big Brother is infallible and all-powerful every success every achievement every victory every scientific discovery all knowledge all wisdom all happiness all brutes you are held to issue directly from his leadership and inspiration nobody has ever seen Big Brother he's a face on the hoardings a voice on the telescreen we may be reasonably sure that he will never die he hasn't it was an enormous pyramidal structure of glittering white concrete soaring up terrace after terrorists 300 meters into the air Orwell's hero Winston Smith was describing the place where he rewrote history on the orders of his government Orwell modeled the Ministry of Truth on the University of London's Senate building at the time the tallest building in the city like the Ministry of Truth the rewriting of history can be more real than we think how history can lie when we return with 1984 revisited [Music] this antacid tells you it's good for your tummy this one says it spells relief now there's a good tasting antacid that's even more effective than tums or Rolaids mosa more effective because each tablet neutralizes more stomach acid than tums twice as much as Rolaids plus the main ingredient lo 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easier a shocking thing about the office of the future is the sound of it so at Exxon office systems we created Exxon 965 inkjet printer you can fit just about anything as fast as 90 characters per second incredibly quiet now the automated office will never sound the same again for more information call 800 three two seven six six six six exxon office systems it's the future without the shock [Music] this is the way we usually think of history names and dates carved in stone these are facts a war was fought men died and that truth can't be changed but it could be in Oceania where a hero one day could become an unperson the next erasing and persons from the record was part of Winston Smith's job part of the carving of the past it fit the present party line who controls the past ran the party slogan controls the future who controls the present controls the past all well didn't have to invent much when it came to that idea in the Soviet Union where city names can change depending on who's in power altering history was an art form practiced long before 1984 was written historian Jonathan Sanders cites the case of the disappearing Soviet police chief Lavrentiy Beria right after Stalin died the Khrushchev clique of people removed mr. Barry from office he was summarily executed not long thereafter and this left a great problem for the people in the great Soviet encyclopedia so I'll show you what they did the Encyclopedia was already out with a large article and big picture of mr. barrier the publishers of the Soviet encyclopedia sent a letter to all the subscribers of the encyclopedia saying that the state publishing firm recommends that in volume 5 you remove pages 21 through 24 and also the portrait take us scissors carefully cut along the edge to remove them and in its place please glue in the following pages so they replaced Baria the picture about him in his article with an article about the Bering Sea it fed in alphabetically and suddenly mr. barrier wasn't in the encyclopedia anymore he is a nun person that's right it has disappeared here's a picture of a group of revolutionaries Stalin coming F&R girders in 1915 and you see mister coming yes there and suddenly in this version there's a blank spot in just shades of the shadow in the background trade that's right Leon Trotsky's Stalin's rival to succeed Lenin as master the revolution was undoubtedly the leading unperson of his day now you see him now you don't well recently the photographic history of the Soviet space program is required an occasional retouching in this case a cosmonaut becomes an uncommon opt-in Turing with the truth in capitalist Japan these demonstrations and five Korean cities where the protest Japan's attempts to soften its image by rewriting high school textbooks for example major 1919 uprisings against Japan are now dismissed as mere riots also omitted or the 42,000 civilians killed during the 1937 massacre known as The Rape of Nanking the invasion of Manchuria is now called the Manchurian incident in response to official protests from Peking and Seoul the Japanese government has agreed to reconsider the alterations for the 1985 editions but for 1984 the altered history stands in this country there is no Ministry of Truth ordering changes but other factors play a role things like marketing surveys and local politics and the national mood journalist Frances Fitzgerald made a study of high school history text for her book America revised while she did not find full scale forgery of history she found a subtle self censorship but publishers based on what the market wants for a long time the Vietnam War was a hot issue very divisive as far as the country was concerned therefore the textbooks tried to skip over it and I really couldn't skip over it so what they would do was to make it as simply as bland and meaningless as possible for a long time the text delivered what I call the crabgrass theory of the Vietnam War that is that it simply began one day and it kept growing and growing and growing and in spite of all American efforts to stop it it just kept going on and then finally it stopped from Winston Smith's telescreen came a news flash our forces in South India have won a glorious victory I am authorized to say that the action which we are now reporting may well bring the war within a measurable distance of its end sounds like the light at the end of the tunnel the phrase that was used to put an optimistic face on the war in Vietnam the war that edged these names on the roster of the dead whatever the rightness or wrongness of the war in Vietnam the language was one of its casualties we are conducting limited duration protective reaction airstrikes in other words we were dropping bombs that was the war in which a village was destroyed in order to save it we're winning hearts and minds was done with the guns and shells it's not just playing with words that would be just double speak or well called this double think using conscious deception while retaining the firmness of purpose that goes with complete honesty and peace for the people of Vietnam is the purpose of our presence in the Soviet Union was not involved in imposition of martial law in Poland there can be no whitewash at the White House William Lutz's chairman of something called the doublespeak Committee of the National Council of teachers of English inspired by Orwell who invented for his novel a kind of Solace officially he's called Newspeak that committee gives an award each year to the person who has most strikingly misused the language it's usually a politician the concern is that people in a position of power who use language to shape and control and direct public policy use language to control the argument and ultimately to control people in society we ask you to choose an official statement or two that could be analyzed for Orwellian implications and we've got them racked up here I'd like to play them for you and have you comment on them for us there's a deeper failure than that of incomplete success and that is a failure to attempt a worthy effort a failure to try that was President Carter speaking on the failed attempt to free the American hostages in Iran and noticed that he said that there's a greater failure than we have had and but fortunately we didn't have that failure and so you carry away from that comment well this really wasn't a failure this was really a success I'll stop and think of that one for a second failure is success is basically the message we're being given here let's try another one I'd like to suggest to you that some of the investigations would lead one to believe that perhaps the vehicle that the nuns were riding in may have tried to run a roadblock or may have accidentally been perceived to have been doing so on they've been in exchange of fire and then perhaps those who inflicted the casualties sought to cover it up casualty what is the casualty the four women he's speaking over shot in the head a couple of them were raped we found out subsequently the casualty is a wound or death inflicted by accident or in time of war it would be the first accidental rape in history if that were true but I would like to suggest meaning I'm only suggesting some of the investigations which one and who would lead one to believe notice it's word it's conditional it's all in the conditional might have been perceived to have been doing so did it happen or digging it and all of this means that he has preserved his deniability so that the next day he can say oh that isn't what I said that isn't what I said at all professor Lutz led us through some examples of doublespeak and doublethink part of his collection of language which pretends to communicate but does not peacekeeper nuclear-missile incontinent ordnance those are bombs and shells that fall not on the military target but on schools hospitals and houses but if you think of the word incontinent and how that removed the aura of responsibility from those bombs correctional facility prison non retain fired is such a synonym for D hired no word and I suppose also is selected out yes that's the State Department term by the way that's the official term used by the United States State Department if you don't make the grade you're selected out a negative economic growth that's a recession energetic disassembly that's a term from the nuclear power industry for explosion that follows up with rapid oxidation which is a fire in a nuclear power plant terminal living dying negative patient care it's when a patient dies in the hospital bigbrother changed the language in 1984 inventing words to blur the truth how close how close when Winston Smith went about his task of revising history he worked from old copies of newspapers which were reprinted and returned to the files after he had made his Corrections that aspect of 1984 seems a little old fashioned now Orwell couldn't know that we were entering an era where we move information without moving paper futurists tell us the library crammed with documents is a thing of the past soon we'll be reading only glowing computer screens Phillip gets the editor-in-chief of the Encyclopedia Britannica invited us to his Chicago headquarters where the 43 million words of the current edition are stored in a computer their system could be a prototype for an electronic history library and malign government at that point could simply come in to the Encyclopedia Britannica and say here's here the changes we insist you make and in a half hour you've changed history this also assumes that there is no more private enterprise that that you are working for the government your orders too right yes you could it's certainly conceivable suppose today that you want to just just eliminate or well George Orwell Eric Blair and any reference to 1984 from the Encyclopedia Britannica what would you do well I'll let you I'll let you do it yourself on this system Britannica people showed me how easy it might be punch a few keys and the computer calls up George Orwell from the data bank and other few keys to delete the file and when we ask again the computers reply file not found he's gone how close is 1984 in the Rio 1984 we'll be able to hide unpleasant reality in a green hurricane of words to electronically alter the images of the past to lie at the speed of light history exists only in our memories and in our records we quickly forget things painful to remember so a Big Brother controlling our information machinery would in time control memory as well some memories of the man who invented Big Brother as we continue our revisit to 1984 the paradol discovery by Julie's wedding day was i nervous what a headache then surprise Bobbie Gottlieb from Europe he saw I was hurting and gave me a pain reliever called panadol he discovered it in Europe it's a thousand milligrams strong and it won't upset my stomach I know Herta panadol but by the time the guests arrive my headache was gone now panna dolls made here in America discover wound proven panadol is strong a pain reliever as you can buy and it won't upset your stomach at Exxon office systems we're being a high-tech office down to our upgradable Exxon 500 series information processor lets you start small and grow big so if you're moving into an office of the future start with the diformation processor that we need as the Exxon 500 for more information call 800 three two seven six six six six Exxon offer systems it's the future without the shock this CBS News special 1984 revisited with Walter Cronkite will continue Thursday Magnum coaches a young con artist forced by her foster parents to make him their next mark & SIMON & SIMON ridge to save a girl kidnapped by a deranged admirer then on Knots Landing Karen comes face to face with SIDS murderers while Abby and Gary anxiously await for reading of the Ewing will it all happens Thursday this is CBS think about this European American Bank has over 1 billion dollars currently committed for the credit needs of qualified middle market businesses so if your company needs money to keep growing consider EAB you get a chance to get the credit and other banking services you need and we get a chance to start building a long term banking relationship at European American Bank we're backing our commitment to companies like yours not with Talk but with money think about it Newark dioxin test results at 11 I wake up at night sometimes thinking am i the man who owns 1984 Chicago attorney Marvin Rosenbloom does in a way he persuaded the Orwell estate to let him make a film of the novel and since then has collected press references to big brother or Orwell or 1984 he has 5000 clippings in his collection now number is growing by several hundred a month all that would have surprised the English writer behind those ideas Fame came late to George Orwell only in the later years of his life that he began to make an adequate living from his column and his novels he never knew that the story he told and the date he picked almost at random would name and warn an era he was born 80 years ago a named Erik Arthur Blair George Orwell was a literary alias he adopted in the 30s the boy was raised in England upper-class education then off to Burma for a five-year stint as a police official a role he despised he returned to Europe with an interest in socialism hatred of empire or authoritarianism of any kind and a desire to write in 1936 he finished a book on England's unemployed got married and went to war in Spain he fought with the left on the side of the Spanish Republic against the forces of fascism led by Francisco Franco and backed by Hitler he was seriously wounded but instead of being decorated he recovered to find himself a hunted man the group of socialists he had joined was now the target of a brutal communist-led purge similar to the Stalinist purges in Russia in 1945 he published Animal Farm a political fable and biting satire and Stalinism that would become of all things a children's classic it would be favourably compared with Swift's Gulliver's Travels and it would make him famous Orwell rented a farmhouse on an island off the Scottish coast there between bouts with tuberculosis he wrote 1984 in September of 1949 he moved into a private room in London's University College Hospital on the 21st of January 1950 sometime in the middle of the night he died he was 46 those are the bare bones of a life but what kind of man lived it and gave shapes and names to the darkest fears of our age certainly a complicated man that's the picture I got from some who should know British novelist Anthony pol was a friend and frequent luncheon companion when Orwell and he both were in London Malcolm Muggeridge the journalist and social critic was another novelist Anthony Burgess has written a critique of Orwell's 1984 and has tried his own hand at fictional futures Bernhard creek professor of political science at the University of London is Orwell's biographer I I gather from people who met him the time perhaps that he wasn't exact to the life and soul of a party no no he tended to stay in the background and only speak when spoken to I don't think he was a particularly merry fellow I don't mean he was a gloomy fellow or a deaths head in a party but it wasn't his natural seed he was some I think very easily bored and if he if somebody was there I began talking about things he was not interested in he was drawing like when you offer a wholesome a bit of sugar and it doubled it doesn't want to eat some of you pretty face away rather like that was this a form of inner intellectual snobbery no I don't think so I think he was in many ways well least intellectual established people in the world was a George who was very much the sort of peppery conservative he just like missionaries and vegetarians and people wearing sandals and he took and temperatures live pennsie poets and all that sort of thing and then there was this iron man who was very sympathetic with people who in trouble and poor people and who felt somehow that the daughter be made better he used to dress himself up as a sort of perla Tate had a sort of proletarian fancy dress of corduroy trousers on and he make his cigarettes by hand because that was to how they made them and he went to Eton and was equipped with an upper class British accent which he never lost he wanted to go into a pub and drop his eight years like work event yeah sorry he couldn't do it those go how are you Harry you could never lose this and it was well aware of the frightful barrier the historical barrier which has been set up between him and the corporate people he wanted to love them loved the pleasures of all the bourgeois England he wrote articles about the things that people loved the news of the world the the Sunday paper about murder trials a good strong cup of tea there's he lovely love tea roast beef and Yorkshire pudding a village community the local pub good the English beer uncontaminated by the big Brewers the country church the country churchyard well you see he left that he wanted to be buried in a country churchyard well the Poland I tried to organize this then he got in through the esters because they had a big interest in where they lived and they got him in there so that he this great champion of the proletariat went to rest in a country churchyard thanks to photographs letters sent and received memos for manuscripts a check book a press card all of the personal papers in the Orwell archives fill just eight boxes that's it that's the whole thing Orwell was a very private man didn't seem to want to leave a record to himself but today with the computer the printout on Orwell's life would fill a room this size and such printouts put us a lot closer to Orwell's vision of a world without privacy New York Times reporter David Burnham has spent the last two-and-a-half years researching what he calls the rise of the computer state he tried to imagine for us the trail Orwell would have left as a typical American citizen in the 80s State Department has started introducing computerized passports so the government has an automatic record of coming and going that would quickly retrievable he of course would have credit cards where he went where what hotels he stayed in presence he bought what have you the Social Security Administration of course would keep a record of where he worked and how much he earned the Internal Revenue Service would have a great deal of information about where he invested what money inherited his earnings the telephone system has become computerized now so that there would be an automatically stored and maintained record of local and long-distance phone calls and even the latest model cars have a little computer in them that puts put in there to increase fuel efficiency but it also when the mechanic goes to look at it he can tell how often you've turned the car on and off and how fast you've driven so the record today on anyone is astounding if we're a wallet traded his checkbook for one of the new electronic banking cards it would be turning many of the records of his life over to his bank Ronald placer was the general counsel to the United States privacy protection Commission I mean I can go to Chicago or Los Angeles and put a plastic card in a wall today and and get some money and that's a wonderful convenience but for each of those conveniences and each of those advances I'm paying a price a Interstate Bank Network knows where I am they can locate me immediately as soon as I put my card in the wall they know where I went how much money I use they have a very good idea of what my activities work such records are essentially the property of the bank says Plesser and if the government wants to see them there is little an individual can do for example the state of Massachusetts recently compared computerized welfare rolls with computerized bank accounts to see if people on welfare were hiding money so any person who had money in a bank in Massachusetts had their records searched by the government what's the difference if somebody comes in and grabs a checkbook from your person and if somebody makes a computer search if the prospect of such computer matching becomes even more ominous when you consider that the federal government has 15 to 20 active files on every person in America and even the most seemingly innocent kinds of information have a potential for Orwellian abuse the Census Bureau for example collect statistical information on Americans every 10 years that kind of information would be very useful if the government wanted to round up a particular group and put it in a concentration camp a preposterous idea not at all it happened once an early version of the computer was used by the United States Army when it picked up the japanese-americans on the west coast that is the Census Bureau had available the addresses and locations of the japanese-americans and at the beginning of World War two they went to the Census Bureau and the Census Bureau gave them this information about the locations of the japanese-americans and so in the spring and summer of 1942 110,000 japanese-americans were incarcerated in war relocation centers ironically the system in the two-way telescreen and her Orwell's novel is an experimental cable system in Japan a camera in each home allows operators to watch viewers not for surveillance but for gameshow homes are watched in this country to cable services are beginning to offer home security systems tied into the television set even when you're not home this electronic watchman is watching honey I'm the big sister volunteers keep an eye on the Miami Beach business district through cameras mounted on light poles the Big Brother image you know 1984 we've had different lawyers calls and whatnot but the Attorney General Smith of state of Florida handed down a decision that said we weren't in any violation at all Miami Beach of course is notable for the openness of its surveillance elsewhere however whether you know it or not electronic eyes follow you almost anywhere you go they're watching in the building lobby and at the automatic teller they're watching at the doors and windows of private homes they're watching what people buy at supermarkets and watching what people watch they're watching the subway systems underground and they're watching the invisible television telephone and telegraph traffic in the sky there is a big brother the big brother is a kind of a combine or a connection of all of the services and all of the things that we want from the private institutions we deal with and the federal government and we want it to be efficient the greatest danger is for any society to sit and think we are immune from this because we are better than anybody else in our form of government protect us against it the first thing that big brother would do is take every single statute that prohibits the invasion of privacy and a year later nobody would remember that there's any law that there's a bill of rights or any federal statute whatsoever that at one time protected us against that kind of invasion more than half for the camera housings are empty in Miami Beach better doesn't matter the police know what Orwell knew we change our behavior when we think we're being watched and a step beyond watching there is controlling modifying behavior how close are we to that when we return share a dream has come together what you built will last forever the special moment calls for the special taste of Maxwell house only Maxwell [Music] what can ruin a fruit in Syria lovers morning running out fruit and being left with just cereal but that won't happen with post Raisin Bran a fruit and cereal / cereal cuz perspex 3 packs of plum sweet raisins into every box and combine them with a krispies bran flakes so you can get raisins in every spoonful with post you won't run out of fruit and that makes the morning post Raisin Bran the fruit and cereal of the cereal in Spain fifteen years after Orwell wrote 1984 a charging ball was stopped in its tracks not by a matador with a sword but by a scientist with a radio transmitter the event met absolutely nothing to bullfighting but it symbolized the revolution in the study of the brain how it works and how its workings can be influenced from the outside dr. Jose Delgado who performed the bull experiment by implanting electrodes in the animal's brain and in Madrid is mapping the brain's electrical circuits how close is this to the electronic pain machine they used on Winston Smith can we change minds electronically no fortunately these science fiction possibility will not work the Big Brother cannot control people with electronics with electrodes you activate what is already in the brain but you cannot induce ideas you cannot teach a monkey to speak English but you can make a monkey do thirds in this animals by electrical stimulation were able to induce vocalizations we kind modify the motor activity of the animal you can see what one example of how by radio without visible wires between our instruments and the animal there are multiple different radio stimulation of the brain is able to modify behavior we can investigate the electrical waves of the brain while the animal behaved could we break the secret code of communication in the brain I don't know but at least we are trained at Logano says his research does not lead to behavior control but in another place another time and other hands who knows in Winston Smith's world Big Brother modified behavior his two rules were terror and cheap victory Jen in the decades that followed his death there has been an explosion of knowledge and some sobering revelations in the wars in Vietnam and here in Korea powr ain washing became a reality the bending of minds and the breaking of bodies and spirits since then all kinds of tranquilizers and chemicals have been developed that can calm excite loosen the tongue destroy the mind in the United States we have heard of government agents using mind-altering drugs James Thornwell was one of 600 men on whom the army tested LSD he was given the drug without his knowledge during a security interrogation he's a crawl over here and I will sound back on a crawl stay right here and I signed myself crawled across the floor research into drugs like LSD helps map the chemical pathways in the brain and information gained may be of use to some future big brother but tyrants have a tool today to change men's minds torture what happens to you here is forever understand that in advance we shall crush you down to the point from which there is no coming back things will happen to you from which you could not recover if you lived a thousand years I will never be the same there is life inside me that lives every day with the memories of what happened to me when I was under torture I have a permanent daily connection with my screams during the night and the pain in my body jacopo Timmerman was a newspaper publisher in Argentina at 2:00 in the morning April 15 1977 he was abducted on orders of the military regime he was starved threatened with execution viciously beaten and tortured with electric shock in the face of worldwide attention he was released and deported three years ago he had spent a total of two and a half years in prison you are already seeing and memory in that sense memory is also torture in itself and to think he's also tortured once I was sleeping in myself and a guardian came and opened the peephole you say people are I think the hole in the door and he saw me sleeping so he began to bang to the door and shout to me don't sleep think don't sleep think think always think he didn't say in what to sing only thing because he knows that I was going to sing in torture most of us we think about torture at all may think of it as something left over from the Middle Ages an anachronism in a time of space-age technology well if you look over the last five years alone Amnesty International has taken action on cases of torture and the cruel treatment of prisoners in more than 60 countries Guatemala South Korea Iran and Iraq El Salvador and Chile are just a few of the nations Amnesty International is cited in the past few years says spokesman Richard Rio we get reports of thousands of people being held in this prisoner in that prison we get a scrap of evidence or we get a report of people being tortured it may apply to many of them it may only apply to a few it's so difficult to break through that curtain and that's why you can't come up with an absolutely precise figure but even the fact that at this moment it would be possible to say that thousands of human beings are being tortured by other human beings isn't itself frightening and frightening too is the human ingenuity that has gone into devising methods of torture in Copenhagen dr. Inga Campion FGM heads a team of Danish physicians study in the physiological and psychological effects of torture what are the most common forms of torture that you see the most common form I would say all sorts of items have been beaten up very badly beaten all over the body one awful way is to be beaten and Perth years in the same time what we call the telephone torture and in the same time the torturers tell the victim now you will have a bad hearing for the rest of the life and unfortunately very often they that is true and then what other forms a torture besides beating have you found the electrical torture used very often because it is a very clean and easy very way of torturing people George Orwell described as hero Winston Smith as being tortured by playing upon a phobia that he had against rats and they had a cage of rats against his face have you ever seen anything like that yes there's the torture where you have animals rats or mice in cages metal cages and then you were putting it near the skin of and there's a hole in it near the skin of a victim and then you heat it up and the animal kick get too anxious and try to escape for the heat and bite through the skin of live eating yes at last they stood him before a mirror he was emaciated covered with wounds his back was bent his hair was gone there was not a single degradation he had not known do you see that thing facing you his torturer asked him that is the last man if you are human this is humanity the work at Copenhagen's University Hospital is a reverse image of aura wells 1984 here doctors and therapists have developed slow careful quiet treatment to repair some of the ravages of the torturers they've had to develop special techniques for taking blood samples from those who have been tortured with needles and knives they avoid using the electrodes of a simple heart test on those burned by electricity those tortured by water are kept away from the hydrotherapy room they avoid restraining those who have been bound the doors are not locked this is the only clinic of its kind they have a waiting list of hundreds from all over the world how close is 1984 arena introduces preys dog food dogs love this soft chewy chunks made with real meat and dogs love the delicious crunchy nuggets together they make praise taste better than any of the leading dry brands good dog here's your phrase dogs love to taste [Music] like all actors I have an agent sign that and a business manager pay that and a secretary don't lose that luckily canons come up with personal cartridge copiers you know the entire copying process is in here so maintenance is as simple as this and copies come in black brown or blue on plain paper finally Canon PC 10 or PC 24 the most important person in my life me for information call toll free Canon personal cartridge copying plain and simple Shiba Street in London is a Street unstuck in time it is a virtually untouched remnant of bombed out sections of post-war London but you put up a poster like this as we did and it becomes a grim Street in 1984 how far is fact from fiction how far away is 1984 not so far that you can't recognize it from here big brothers world was divided among three super-states and an underdeveloped area over which the great powers waged constant if limited war compare it with this map of the Western alliance the Soviet bloc China and third world countries in big brothers world freedom was extinct everywhere it is extinct in this much of our world about a third these are countries considered partly free only these countries are free in the American sense of the word with political and economic freedoms and a free press this balance of freedom is holding steady right now what have you tried to develop a scenario a set of circumstances that might bring 1984 closer even in our most durable democracy suppose the energy crisis returned could that bring the superpowers to the edge of confrontation or could a collapse of the poorer economies bring down the international banking system that loaned the money spreading hunger violence and instability might logically lead to migration here from poor countries swelling to a human flood to stop this influx would we seal our borders issue a national ID card to citizens with the economy suffering with Urban riot in return at what point would the president ask for full emergency powers imposed martial law create a domestic security force under the circumstances could the next election be postponed for a while the real date wouldn't matter then it's 1984 George Orwell saw those dangers 35 years ago he wrote this something like 1984 could happen the moral to be drawn from this dangerous nightmare situation is a simple one don't let it happen it depends on you we put this poster up we can take it down this time good night [Music] you [Music]

Channel: Hezakya Newz & Films

Views: 6,360

Rating: 4.9490447 out of 5

Keywords: big brother, 1984, 1984 book, hezakya, hezakya newz, Nineteen Eighty-Four, Orwellian, secret surveillance, George Orwell

Id: 5T1Fxnb_0Jo

Length: 57min 14sec (3434 seconds)

Published: Sun Jan 20 2019