Lao Gao, a YouTuber with 5.85 million subscribers, has always been popular with many viewers for his cold knowledge and popular science videos. But a while ago, he was accused of being a "recidivist of plagiarism" and said that several of his videos were "full translations" from Japanese YouTube channels. ! How is this going? Did Lao Gao really plagiarize? Let us talk about the "Lao Gao Plagiarism Controversy" today! hiho~ Hello everyone, I am Zhiqi! A while ago, YouTuber "Lanquan Mama" made a video accusing Lao Gao of "plagiarizing the full text" of many videos. Later, after some netizens sorted out more Lao Gao's "suspected plagiarism" videos , a wave quickly set off on the Internet. In the debate of "high against high", some people criticize Lao Gao as a repeat offender of plagiarism , but some people think that Lao Gao was just discredited or just used the same reference materials as the other party . So what exactly is plagiarism? Did Lao Gao really copy it, or did he just refer to the same material? Today we will analyze and compare the four films that Lao Gao is accused of plagiarizing with the films that he is said to have plagiarized. In addition, we will also discuss the reference materials of both parties. However, due to space constraints, we will not discuss what these films provide. Is there any "wrong information" in the content ? It will only sort out their similarities and differences . Let us enter a period of business service time before starting today's discussion ! 【what happen? 】 At the end of July, YouTuber "Lanquan Mama" made a video accusing Lao Gao of "100%" plagiarizing the Japanese YouTube channel "ゆっくり评论" and this video was included . Quan's mother posted a total of four videos before and after accusing Lao Gao of copying "many videos" in terms of data, structure, and text. In addition, some netizens sorted out that Lao Gao has at least four videos that are highly similar to the Japanese channel "ゆっくりExplanation" Moreover, Lao Gao’s filming time was relatively late and they were released within two months, so they thought that Lao Gao might have picked up four copies in one go after discovering this Japanese channel . Faced with plagiarism controversy, Lao Gao is Responding that all the content of his channel comes from the Internet and books. He just collects public information for Xiaomo and everyone to listen to. Later, he also said that all his videos will be marked with reference materials. For the question of "Has Lao Gao plagiarized?" How did public opinion react? [Public Opinion Response] At present, the opinions of Internet public opinion are roughly divided into three factions. The first is that " it does n't matter whether Lao Gao plagiarized or not. " It’s ok , and it’s too difficult to determine how to count plagiarism, so it’s better to leave it to the law. The other two factions both said that whether there is plagiarism is important, but they came to different conclusions . I feel that Lao Gao’s video is “not that similar” to those Japanese films, but it just happened to talk about the same theme. Although some information overlaps , there are also many differences. Therefore, many people also think that this incident is essentially Lao Gao being discredited. In addition, there are also Some people think that although these groups of videos are similar, the themes chosen by popular science films are basically the same, and the content that these themes can talk about is only those , so "likeness" is inevitable . It is also an established fact that this animal is a blue whale that can reach 30 meters , and everyone is the same . Reference" can be explained because these films are highly similar in terms of topic selection, structure arrangement, information content , and narrative techniques. In particular, there are many details and information that should be mentioned first. It doesn't matter which one is mentioned first, but the order that Lao Gao said is exactly the same as that of Japanese films. Some people say that Lao Gao just changed part of the narrative order and added some details , as well as a lot of popular metaphors and gags, to confuse the audience and achieve the effect of "seemingly no plagiarism". Since the opinions of netizens are very different, we spent some Netizens of Time Research pointed out the four groups of videos that are "suspected plagiarism and plagiarized " . How to judge? 】 First of all, from the perspective of Taiwan law, there is actually no word "plagiarism" , but two kinds of "copyright infringement" are used to define it . It is to process and modify it by yourself after taking it away . In legal practice, to judge whether there is a reset or modification, two requirements generally need to be met . First, you must know the existence of this work in advance and have access to it, otherwise It may just happen to be "parallel creation" of similar things. In addition, it depends on the "resemblance", which requires a comprehensive judgment from two aspects. The first is to look at the "quality", that is, whether the similarity is an important part of the work, such as The main melody of the song and then look at the "quantity" is how many parts are the same, and the proportion is heavy . Information and spoken text. The relatively uncontroversial plagiarism is that these four levels are all of the same height, which is equivalent to "remake" in law, but if it is "reworked", it is easier to be controversial. For example, the theme, structure, and key content are similar but have been adjusted . Narrative order, addition or deletion of details , or in other words, may be considered as plagiarism, but it may also be considered as just a reference, or a coincidence. This is very common in the news media world. The description is called "washing manuscripts" . In the self-media circle, it is often not easy to judge whether this situation constitutes plagiarism. A variety of factors must be considered . The carrier also inevitably has a similar logic of arrangement . Since the major themes of the four groups of films to be discussed today are all the same, we will share the "similarities and differences" of the two films from the four aspects of structure, content text, and reference materials. 【 Controversial Video 1: The Mystery of Insects] The first thing to compare is the structure of the four major mysteries with the theme of insects in these two films . The order of arrangement is different. The Japanese film tells why insects don’t grow bigger, why there are no insects in the sea, and why insects are attracted to light. Lao Gao first talks about why there are no insects in the sea, then why insects are attracted to light, and finally why insects Then, if the major four sub-topics are separated and compared with each other, it can be seen that the order and proportion of the key information provided by both sides are roughly the same . The two reasons for the small body size and both mention "no endoskeleton" first and then "no lungs". In terms of more detailed information, there are many similarities . For example, the order and data of various biological quantities mentioned at the beginning are the same Same but with some differences like when referring to "biggest insect" The Japanese film only said that it was 25 cm long and showed a silhouette of a butterfly. Lao Gao said that the largest one was a 64 cm stick insect and added that the largest flying one was a 25 cm big horn moth . Except that the same information resulted in a similar mouth. There are also many similar ways of connection between the two sides. For example, when the insects have no endoskeleton and they have no lungs , they always use "ancient insects are relatively large" to connect. In addition, there are some similar examples on both sides, such as explaining "Insects have no endoskeleton". "At that time , Japanese films used "a building without pillars" as a metaphor, and Lao Gao described it as "like a building...without internal support and load-bearing walls." However, in Lao Gao's films, there are many popular metaphors that Japanese films do not have, like talking about insects In "Complete Metamorphosis", Lao Gao mentioned "Monkey King's 72 Changes". In Japan, there is no analogy. In addition, almost every sentence in Japanese movies is explaining or bringing out information . Huh, really?" and so on, but Lao Gao has a lot of "pure chat" here. For example, when talking about the three major abilities of insects, Xiao Mo asked Lao Gao "Which ability do you want?" In addition to the comparison of the film itself In addition, some people think that the two videos are similar, probably because they refer to the same information. In the four groups of videos mentioned today, Lao Gao did not list any reference materials. In Japan , there is a list of reference materials in the information column of the insect video. The three reference materials are papers on different topics such as insect phototaxis. None of them put the four major themes together like the movie. In addition, after searching in English and Japanese, we couldn’t find any materials that discussed these four major themes at the same time. As for the theme , I saw that the key information and the arrangement are "partially similar". Like this video on "Why Don't Insects Get Bigger", it also mentioned that there is no endoskeleton and no lungs in sequence, but other things are brought up later. In conclusion , we have not seen any "highly similar" data to this group of videos, but here we need to point out that our search capabilities and time are limited after all, so we cannot rule out the possibility that we "did not find" [Controversial Video 2 : Domestication of Animals] The theme of these two films is to introduce the "Soviet domestication fox experiment" and the "self-domestication theory" extended from the experiment . First discussed "how animals are domesticated" and brought out the experiments of the Soviet Union, and then sequentially described the selection of experimental subjects, experimental methods, experimental results and the content of "self-domestication theory" , the presentation order and proportion of key information provided by both sides They are all similar, taking the section "Introduction of Experimental Results" as an example, the two parties are mostly the same in terms of appearance, reproduction, and changes in internal substances , including the parts and methods that start to change after several generations, etc. , only A few differences. For example, when referring to "increased reproduction", only Lao Gao gave a specific number. In both texts, there is a key "foreshadowing" and the content, buried and exposed places are the same . This foreshadowing is also derived from The theme of "Soviet experiment" is connected to the "self-domestication theory" on both sides. In the section "Selecting Experimental Objects", it is mentioned that there is a creature that meets the six characteristics of domesticated animals, etc. I will introduce it and continue until the whole experiment is explained. It was mentioned that a certain scholar was shocked by the experimental results because "human beings have the characteristics of a domesticated fox." Only then did he reveal that "that creature is a human being." In addition, it is relatively uncommon for Lao Gao and Japanese movies to have Chinese in their mouths. Words that are closer to Japanese kanji, such as "breeding animals", are more commonly used in Taiwan and China as "captive or breeding animals" . However, the two sides have completely different views at the end of the film. The Japanese film says that this theory shows that people can be kind. Because "the violent individuals are executed, leaving only the gentle ones" and lamented: the kindness of modern people is also sinful. Lao Gao said that self-domestication makes people "kinder and more lovable", which means that the world will become better and better. Japanese film The information column lists two books, one is the well-known "Guns, Germs, and Steel" with "Six Characteristics of Domesticated Animals" on both sides . The main axis of the book "Survival of the Friendliest" published in 2009 is about "self-domestication", and there is also a chapter about "Soviet fox experiments", but more than half of the content of the book does not mention both sides , such as human cognitive ability and chimpanzee self Domestication, etc. As for other search results, no information highly similar to this group of videos has been found [Controversial Video 3: Unique Features of Human Face] The theme of the third group of videos is to introduce "unique human facial features". Talking about the structure of Lao Gao, he first talked about the importance of the "animal face" in the preface , and then brought out that the "human face" has some characteristics that are different from other animals, and then divided it into four parts and described these characteristics in sequence . One is the eyes, The second is "eyebrows" , but Lao Gao digressed halfway through talking about eyebrows and talked about some kind of hairless mole . Talk about the third part, the nose, and the fourth lip. As for the structure of the Japanese film, except for the "Hairless Mole", it is roughly the same as Lao Gao. The biggest difference in content between the two films is the "Hairless Mole". A section of Lao Gao introduced the various habits and magical features of the hairless mole . In the Japanese film, the hairless mole is just a simple example. In addition, the main information presented in other paragraphs provides the order and proportion. It is roughly the same. For example, when talking about the human nose, both sides say that the nose is the only protruding organ of the human face, which is very different from the protruding mouth and nose of other animals . There is space for the brain to develop , so the face other than the nose is shrunk, resulting in a strange structure of the human nose. In addition, both parties also added details at the end of this paragraph that "human tear glands may have originally been nostrils" . However, there are also some details It is different. For example, when talking about why people have lips, the Japanese movie mentioned that it is "convenient for babies to drink milk." Lao Gao said it in more detail, taking chimpanzees as an example, saying that people have lips. It may be a "rejuvenation phenomenon." Bring out the theme in different ways. Japan started with "mammals including humans evolved from fish", while Lao Gao directly cut in with "human faces are not particularly natural" . In addition, when explaining certain information, only Lao Gao gave an example to explain that at the beginning, when he said that the human face is different from other animals, Japanese movies did not give an example. Lao Gao described that if you put a human nose in a photo, you can tell it is a human at first glance, but if you put a dog nose, you may wonder if it is a dog. It’s still a wolf , but there are many similar examples. For example, when it is mentioned that the nose is responsible for regulating the temperature and humidity of the air, both parties use “when people eat noodles, they will have a runny nose due to the heat” to explain that when it is mentioned that lip color can judge health status, they both use it. For example, the Japanese video does not list reference materials this time , and the most similar information we have found so far is the Japanese book "Yan の Evolution" published in 2021. It mentions several information that is the same as the video , including the human nose hair. How did the function of the white eyeball come about, etc. But the order is different from the two films. In addition, according to the introduction of the book, there are many topics that are not mentioned in both films . For example, why the face of a cat is round, and the facial differences of humans due to race and gender are the future. What will happen to your face and so on [Controversial Video 4: Ability vs Luck] For the last group to be compared, we must first talk about "reference materials" because this time both sides have the main reference materials mentioned in the film , that is, both sides of the film theme are introducing the research that won the Ig Nobel Prize in Economics last year. Ability vs. Luck: The role of randomness in success and failure.” There are also many articles introducing this research on the Internet. The structure and content of the two films are similar to each other. In terms of structure, both sides explain the experimental results in the preface. Success is based on luck, not ability. They all describe the reality of "the ability and success are not equal" but the difference is that this paragraph is only used as part of the opening in the Japanese film , while Lao Gao spends More space and introduces the background knowledge of the "Eighty-two Rule" and so on. The next structure is almost all from the experimental method, to the results and analysis, and then to another "Experiment on Asset Allocation" of the same study. Finally, it is short Summarizing and sharing opinions In terms of content and information, most of the key information in each sub-topic is the same , but the information given by Lao Gao is usually more detailed. For example, the results of the experiment, the Japanese film says "the richest person, the most frequently encountered Lucky events, and the least frequent encounters with misfortune.” Lao Gao cited data, listing how much wealth the richest people finally owned, and how many lucky and unfortunate events they encountered . In contrast, there are quite a few differences. For example, the explanation of the "experimental method" in Japanese movies is that there are a thousand people in a hypothetical environment, and they will randomly encounter three situations . Green dots and red dots represent lucky and unlucky events , and explain that there are 250 of these dots each , and they will move randomly. The thousand people are stationary . In addition, the examples of the two sides are mostly different. For example, when talking about "success has nothing to do with ability "In reality, Japan uses "the relationship between the qualifications and achievements of American scholars" as an example, while Lao Gao uses "the difference between the IQ distribution map and the wealth distribution map" to illustrate the final point. The ending views of the two sides are also different. Japan It is to say that success depends on luck or ability, everyone judges for themselves but should not be obsessed with past success. Lao Gao summed up the experiment and said "the world is unfair" and half-jokingly said "If you think the world is unfair to you , it may be that you are too talented.” [Our point of view] Through this sorting out, we ourselves feel that some of the allegations we saw at the beginning may be somewhat different from what we actually saw. For example, when we heard “100% Plagiarism "Plagiarism" We originally thought that the videos on both sides would be like full-text translations, and every sentence was the same , but after comparing them , we still saw some differences. However, we think that at least the two "insects" and "domestication" Speaking of the question, it is really hard to say that it is a "coincidence" or a "reference" that both sides have the same level of awareness of the main issues, key information , even a large amount of detailed information, and the order of arrangement. Of course, plagiarism is sometimes really a matter of fact. Different people have different opinions, so we hope to provide a possible entry angle by sorting out the same and different places this time, and leave room for everyone to think and judge for themselves . Everyone is welcome to leave a message to add or discuss this incident together because we feel that if more people pay attention to discussing plagiarism, it is definitely a good thing. After all, as creators, if we see our brainchild one day Being plagiarized by others should also feel very hurt . Of course, on the other hand, it is inevitable that content creators will be accused of plagiarism. We will also have inner demons , especially when we see others doing similar themes, we will worry about me. Will the evening film be considered as plagiarism ? Therefore, if we can further clarify what can be done and what can't be done through everyone's discussion, it may be of great help and vigilance to creators . However, it is precisely because plagiarism is not so It is easy to judge, so we can also see this time that some people feel that it is not the audience's responsibility to judge "whether there is plagiarism" or think that even if the content of Lao Gao is similar to others , the film is better-looking and can stimulate more discussions . It still has its value , but some people here will retort that it is valuable and the premise for discussion should be that the content must be correct and can be verified, etc. However, it may be a bit off topic to continue discussing this part . I just made an episode about this part. If you are interested, you can go and watch it . Then, back to this controversy , I want to ask everyone , do you think Lao Gao plagiarized? Why? Finally, if you like today's video, please share it to let more people know about the "Lao Gao Plagiarism Controversy"! In addition, you can also click here to see the plagiarism controversy of "Lao Gao talks about the Nietzsche incident" and " Lin Zhijian's paper " .
