Why Quantum Computing is So Powerful | Because Science Live!

that's the sound that computers make why is quantum computing so potentially powerful alliteration so in the news you may have seen that Google's Sycamore chip as they call it a quantum computer has recently achieved quantum supremacy you may have heard about this and to do this they have shown that their quantum chip using quantum mechanics can achieve a very complicated mathematical computation very quickly much faster than the fastest and most powerful supercomputers on the planet but first what is quantum computing well you may be familiar with classical computing which uses memory and moves things around with computation like a Turing machine would and you're familiar with bits so the easiest form of bit to think about is a pair of bits a 0 and a 1 to form binary or some kind of information and on or an off state that your news decoded information into memory so there are four possible combinations of that pair of bit 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 that takes some information some coding that needs some space to fit within classical computing now where quantum computing comes in and makes such waves is that a quantum bit a qubit as they call them takes advantage of a principle of quantum mechanics called super position where a value doesn't have to be a 0 or a 1 it can be both at the same time they're superimposed on top of each other and it sounds weird but quantum mechanics is very weird so the idea is with a quantum bit a qubit you can have you can have superimposed bits for all of these classical values and so the example would be that instead of having four separate placeholders for this one pair of bits with four possible combinations your quantum bit your qubit could have all of these represented by the same pair of bits and so the amount of storage the amount of him for me you can compute Rises exponentially with the number of qubits that you have for example if you had three qubits you could have eight possible combinations if you had four cubits that's ^ if you had four cubits you could make 16 possible combinations now the quantum computer the sycamore chip that Google is using has 253 253 qubits with 253 different values associated which with each of those qubits and that means possible number of combinations of about 10 quadrillion so with all these qubits and all these possible values and possible combinations and superposition and entanglement at work which we don't really have time to get into but quantum mechanics at work what can a quantum computer like this do well it to demonstrate the quantum supremacy they took a problem a mathematical problem which is effectively like asking a computer to say I want you to list out a long string of perfectly random numbers and then I want you to check that that string is random a million times and just to give you an idea that doesn't sound that complicated but for the fastest supercomputer classical supercomputer on the planet that computation would take about 10,000 years what could a quantum computer do well Google in a paper published in nature if you want to read it said that they could do it in they did it in fact in 200 seconds so given that this is 1.5 trillion times faster than the fastest classical computer on the planet you can see the potential applications of something like a quantum computer to compute very complicated things very very quickly and achieve a new style a new way of thinking in computer and machine learning and all that cool stuff I will say though that this problem they asked the Sycamore chip to compute is pretty esoteric it doesn't have a whole lot of applications outside of the world of quantum mechanics and quantum computers but they demonstrated that there are 1.5 trillion times faster than the thing that you're watching me on right now well much faster than that because you're not watching me on a supercomputer and if you are stop wasting government tax dollars so that is the promise of quantum computing by using quantum mechanics and the principles of superposition and entanglement you can process a lot more information a lot quicker bringing bringing calculation times that would take more than our lifetimes down to just a few minutes that's amazing hello and welcome to another edition of because science live the live show on the because science Channel where I take all of your comments questions Corrections and we're comments about my hair and face and things I do outside of the void and I try to answer them off the top of my head look I'm not working scientist I'm not a professional nerd well I am I'm not a professional scientist but hey I'm a professional nerd and I know a little bit about a lot of science II and pop culture II stuff so if you have any questions for me you can put them in the chat on YouTube and voice to the void we'll get to the best ones please do not spam the chat or else we will never get to it and before all this starts if you like YouTube you are probably aware and you like science YouTube especially you're probably aware of what will probably amount to be the biggest YouTube collaboration in the history of YouTube I think a combined subscriber base of 750 million and that collaboration is called team trees hashtag hashtag team trees what we're trying to do is working with the Arbor Foundation we are trying to raise twenty million dollars to plant 20 million trees by 2020 and this started off as just a Twitter suggestion to mr. beast but they made it real I think it's even on Discovery Channel that they're doing this so all of your favorite youtubers are getting in on tight team trees we want to plant 20 million trees you can go to team trees org and you can plant and you can donate for every $1 donated that's one tree planted even if we do this even if we plant 20 million trees it's not gonna solve climate change all of our environmental problems but it will show that we have some Drive some passion some impetus to do something together that's positive that can affect the environment in a great way so team trees hashtag team trees get in on the action donate it's for a very worthy cause Nate what up man what's a professional nerd Hey I don't know what to put on my business cards these days hair guy hair enthusiast what do we got first question is from Zach of chest can you explain the science behind songs getting stuck in your head ear worms the science behind ear worms and I don't I don't actually think that I can I know I know that it's a neurological and psychological quark where you hang on to certain bits of songs or not but I don't know the actual neuro mechanics of it I know advice to get that part of the ear worm out of your head is to sing the song all the way through and that kind of resets your your working memory of that little thing you keep singing over and over and I can't even give you an example because it will cost me money what's next from Rob Cunningham hello if you were to substitute in a high school physics or engineering class I would love it I would love to do that and could teach any topic you wanted what lesson would you give I would love to go into a high school classroom or maybe an eighth I'd love to go into an eighth grade classroom and teach like intro to physics or physics 101 a class that they would take in high school for example or in college and put my own spin on it I would love and I encourage science educators to do this all the time I would love to try to put an actual curricula into my own words into my own thinking my own examples my own math I would love to do that for students because my intuition is look I'm probably not the best teacher in the world I mean there's certainly great teachers out there but I think if I really applied the kinds of stuff that we do on because science to something like a lesson plan I might be able to make it very fun in a way that a lot of students don't get I was very fortunate in my education to have a lot of wonderful teachers so if I could be a good teacher to someone I would love the opportunity to do that face to face even though we try to do that here each week and that's not actually something I want to do doing like videos that are more a basic lesson plan as if I was your substitute teacher we might return to that but I would love to do it so it's probably physics 101 something like that some people in Cheddar also noting that team trees has already passed a 1 million mark already a million dollar a million trees will be planted that's incredible just just replicate that 20 times no no problem we got this from Matter beam whoo Oh G and B he's kind of talking about your running tests and an anime running sure so the episode we just did we found that anime running or Naruto Naruto sorry a style running was 3% slower for both noobs like myself and gold medalist sprinters can't believe she did that with me that was great he's asking what fascinating discoveries are we missing out on because no one is testing them riously yeah I wonder you know that's a great question because if you just mechanically think of what goes into scientific research it's grants and money and time and resources and people and there are just some questions that we'll never get all of those factors to coincide with doing a study on them and sometimes it takes a person like me or you know someone who has time on their hands and a budget to test very odd things and it would be impossible for me to speculate what we are missing out on because we haven't studied it yet but the kinds of stuff that I wouldn't love to do just as a way to show like how experiments work you know double-blind studies the mechanics of science and how we learn things about the universe I would love to do silly studies if I had you know my means where you know you could hit the one that I always think about is I would take that song by the 80s guy with the beard never gonna dance again guilty feet have got no rhythm yeah what's his name name cool I would take that very famous song by the I can't remember and I would see if being guilty having quote-unquote we would operationalize it by saying like we would make people lie about something or have them choose to lie about something and then see if guilty feet have no rhythm and see if they get worse at dancing something that they learned that day what's his name George Michael George Michael oh my gosh I would make a test about guilty whisper that's what I would do why it's in the channel title what's next from Ben mind on love the show love the hair Hey I agree Thanks do we control the atoms in our body or do they control us through the random chaos of entropy mm-hmm interesting philosophical question isn't it and I think what you're getting at is a I think what philosophers call well what determinists in philosophy people who think that we are fully determined by the laws of physics and there's no weird you know metaphysical us would say that most people are naive do lists by which I mean there's a most people think just intuitively that there is a physical us and then there is a non-physical us and I think we separated that into body and mind in popular consciousness we feel like there's a non-physical part to us maybe our mind or our spirit or what have you and then you could kind of get at that question right where well am i my atoms or am i something separate from my atoms and I is some me controlling my body in my mind in my brain or is it the other way around is my body and the laws of physics determining who I am and what I'm doing that's for everyone to decide on their own as a philosophical exercise I happen to fall on the side of if you if you really get down to the nuts and bolts of things I don't think there's a whole lot of wiggle room for you to be other than what you are which is an amazing incredibly unlikely without context an incredibly unlikely assemblage of atoms and molecules that come together make technology to talk to each other to to have love and grief and art and music just an assemblage of atoms that do all these amazing things and we are our atoms determined as determined by the laws of physics and how things interact that doesn't remove any wonderfulness out of it for me the fact that atoms and molecules can do this kind of thing is incredible and might be the only case of that happening in the entire universe could be so I think that you who you are is determined by the atoms that you be I'd say very well put together well you know from Calvin pass mole can I add atoms to my hair to make them shinier yeah from Calvin Passmore hey I've been trying to explain time dilation to my wife for a while sure could you try to explain it to a book editor Oh probably someone with a lot more experience than me in saying things correctly and succinctly but time dilation so when is is the principle and in relativity where if you go really fast and I'm not talking like anime running fast I'm talking like moving close to the speed of light fast when you do this because you are moving close to the universal speed limit the universe accounts for this in a very weird way because you are getting to this close to the speed of light but the speed of light has to be the same in all reference frames as Einstein noted something about you is slowing down or changing in a way and if you have mass you know this is this is going to happen and so a couple things happen when you go really fast one you contract spate you spacetime wise you contract lengthwise second thing that happens is time dilation and you as a organism your clock your time in space-time that coordinate that value starts to become slower relative to everyone else so if you were in a spaceship traveling at 99.9 in in and and then and the speed of light and you traveled at that speed for a couple of weeks when you got out of the spaceship it might ten years may have passed outside but that is because your biological clock your space time value was going slower than the rest of the universe when you got that fast it's it's harder for me to get more in detail without getting more complicated with it but when you go when you get close to the fastest speed that there is it seems like the universe wants to try to slow you down in a way to preserve the relative nosov things with relativity and one of the ways that it does that is by changing the amount of time that passes for you it also changes the apparent mass that you have and the apparent size that you are so the things that aren't really effective will anyway where you're getting too complicated but well time for one more question after this but time dilation is the universe's way of changing a value as you get super close to the speed of light but the physics girl would do a better job and then she's also team trees let's raise some money what's the last question from Gabriel Munoz you know of all the popular theories of how the universe could end mmm he death big red Big Crunch etc big rip don't laugh which is your favorite and which do you think is the most likely well I'm this is a theoretical physics and cosmology kind of question of two disciplines where I am I'm not that good on but i understanding is correct i think that heat death of the universe is i think the most likely one and i think i like it the most which i'll get to in a second so the heat death of the universe is the idea that if there is unchecked accelerating expansion of the universe if the universe is expanding but accelerating as it does so you know the edge of space moving faster than the speed of light because it's not moving into anything at all then if that keeps happening over enough time the space will stretch out enough the universe will become big enough that eventually atoms and molecules themselves will be separated down to that level and when that happens stars won't be able to form life won't be able to form stellar gas and dust won't congeal into planets and other stars the universe will slowly die from that point forward because nothing else will have the ability to become stars become planets become life and that's more or less the heat death of the universe and that sounds terrible but there's something interesting or lovely to it in that right now in the period in which we live in which we can see stars and the universe hasn't expanded so much that we cannot see stars in the sky anymore that will happen according to the heat death of the universe we are in a very fortunate period where we're not being ripped apart and we can see stars in the sky and we can do astronomy and we can do science and we can see all these things before the end is even here we're lucky if the heat death of the universe is true we are in a very lucky period what we're still able to see the rest of the universe and interact with it and we're alive for that time that's incredible so and don't worry about the heat death of the universe thing personally because that's none of us are gonna make it that far especially me and that's all the time we have for this episode because science live thank you so much for joining me for everything on the because Science Channel this week go check out the last episode that we did all about Naruto running and we got an Olympic gold medalist sprinter to do the running with us incredible you're gonna want to see it Jenna bus she's amazing also hashtag team trees go to team trees org which because science is a part of all your favorite youtubers if you like the physics girl smarter every day Adam Savage mr. beast mark Rober all of your favorite youtubers are doing it we want to raise twenty million dollars to plant 20 million trees by 2020 with the Arbor Foundation please go do that support that it's not gonna solve everything but it's gonna show that we can come together and do something positive for the planet it's done a lot for us you know like form the beings such as we be have a wonderful rest of your weekend next week we have more of the same new new footnotes new episode because science another one where we venture outside the void I'll hint at and it's very fun especially if you like card games and another because science live I will see you then have rarest your weekend and be nice to each other because before the universe stretches out so much that everything dies and nothing can therefore be ever again this is all we got you

Channel: Because Science

Views: 201,554

Keywords: Nerdist, Because Science, Kyle Hill, livestream, science, tech, math

Id: iDo4qKnHCr8

Length: 20min 30sec (1230 seconds)

Published: Fri Oct 25 2019