Why Nuns Threw So Many Parties In The Middle Ages | Tudor Monastery Farm | Parable

[Music] 500 years ago england was emerging into a new era after years of war plague and famine the kingdom was enjoying peace and prosperity under the reign of the first tudor king henry vii [Music] a new class of business savvy farmer was thriving boosting food production and then over she goes while wool from their sheep was generating half the nation's wealth many of the nation's farms were under the control of the biggest landowner in england after the king the monasteries their influence could be felt in every aspect of daily life they were not just places of religion they were at the forefront of technology education and farming but with the daily lives of monks devoted to prayer they depended increasingly on tenant farmers who worked and tended their lands [Music] now historian ruth goodman and archaeologists tom pinfold and peter ginn are turning the clock back to tudor england here at wielden downland in west sussex to work as ordinary farmers under the watchful eye of a monastic landlord to succeed they'll have to master long-lost farming methods those flanks are going again and get to grips with tudor technology [Music] while immersing themselves in the beliefs customs and rituals that shaped the age this is mary england for heaven's sake so to speak let's enjoy it [Music] [Applause] this is the untold story of the monastic farms of tudor england [Music] [Music] in the early 1500s no help for the poor was available from the state those in need relied solely on the charity and hospitality of others hospitality was a vital social virtue the measure by which any good christian would be judged and at the heart of this culture of hospitality and giving were the monasteries beyond their gates they ran arms houses and within the monastery they accommodated everyone from the destitute traveller to the wealthiest noble for what we're about to receive may the lord make us truly thankful amen james can i interest you in some postage well i'm sure it's good for the soul monastic expert professor james clark is joining the team for did a monasteries do much entertaining or hospitality absolutely it's really essential to the monastery's service to society the charity that is in the strict sense loving kindness to your fellow man is really at the heart of the monastic vacation at the lower end it would be akin to a kind of backpackers hostel but at the other end of the scale for the most distinguished guests there would be really lavish accommodation and food would be laid on for the monks hosting an esteemed guest wasn't just hospitable it was profitable entertaining nobility was an excellent way to encourage large donations to the monastery the nobles believed that supporting a monastery would guarantee that they went straight to heaven when they died the abbot is planning a feast for a wealthy patron and james is enlisting the team's help to prepare for the visit well i have some particular tasks in mind for you uh there's going to be a lot of preparing of battle in it so that does mean laundry no escaping the laundry and there could well be a need for some assistance in the kitchen because lavish meals are expected nice as pottage is [Music] as well as monks and workers the monastery also accommodated other members of society on a permanent basis part of the monastery's remit was to provide care for some of the elderly their retired staff or their most generous donors james is enlisting the team to renovate a room in the outer precinct of the monastery as part of something known as a corridor a corridor is a grant which is really like a kind of pension it provides an individual with accommodation and food over the course of a year and the monastery might grant that to one of their long-serving um lay servants and after 20 or 30 years service instead of a gold watch they're granted this corridor which is really going to give them room and board to live out their their days in their twilight years so it's going to need a bit of renovation really i mean this floor is is looking past its best it's worth remembering of course that they expect something of high quality this is a valuable retirement home i'll have a chat with a boy especially about the floor see what we can do [Music] before the boys set to work on renovations they must attend to an urgent matter on the farm the pea crop [Music] well if we look closely we've still got a crop that's for you oh yes please that is absolutely beautiful another taste good taste of summer peas were important in tudor england has both food and animal fodder unlike garden peas field peas were left to dry on the plant until they were harvested it made them easier to store but also vulnerable to birds this is the thing if we start trying this crop out here all the birds are going to be looking at and going they've laid on a p buffet let's get in there that's gonna be a proper feast bird control was a serious business in the later tudor period bounty payments of a penny for three birds heads were offered and farmers often employed children to frighten away the pigeons and rooks tom and i are erecting a bird scarer we're putting in hazel poles we're going to tie some string between them and onto that string we're going to hang some shells tudor style wind chimes so this would be gentle work that was so we're taking advantage of the wind making sure all the shells just bounce off of each other making some noise that's the thing being a tudor farm or being any farmer you can't afford to lose a crop but especially in tuna times these peas were your sustenance right i'm going to stick another steak in tom am i going to get in trouble if i walk across the pea crop if you don't walk the birds will eat i'll be delicate [Music] whoops [Music] ruth has begun preparations for the abbott's feast starting by making butter for the table [Music] now the reason i've transferred my milk into these dishes is to help the cream separate anybody who's a little bit older remembers the days before homogenized milk and they remember that in milk bottles it always used to rise and you always used to get a bit of cream on the very top that's what's happening here each day a new bowl of milk was settled and ruth is starting to process yesterday's batch look see how thick that cream is i'm super thick not only was butter an important source of calories it was also considered good for the health and a cure for chest complaints lead on to minimize splashing hear that knowing what stage you're at is all about listening to the sounds that it makes in the churn and now it's all a matter of time a volume of cream like this can turn into butter in as little as 15 to 20 minutes butter along with other dairy produce was known as a white meat most commonly consumed by poorer members of society after all everyone had a cow the point was you could graze a cow even if you had no land yourself you could graze it on the common land you had a right to put a cow on the common which meant that you had access to some milk you could make your own butter you could make your own cream you could make your own cheese white meats therefore were a very democratic food everybody had them and the rich sneered the dairy produce wasn't the preserve of the poor for long by 1500 landowners were taking back farmland and also common land to establish parks for hunting it meant peasants could no longer graze their animals for free now you've got to actually rent a field to keep your cow on and that meant that increasingly from 1500 onwards cows and cow's milk became something associated with the wealthiest sort of peasant [Music] all feels a little bit stiffer so i'm really listening now [Music] you can't really predict whether it's seconds away or another five minutes did you hear suddenly it sounds wetter [Music] that noise has changed doesn't it oh yes look at that now that looks good there we are look butter [Music] the final stage is to squeeze all the butter particles into a solid lump now obviously doing this with your hands there's a problem the warmth of your hands starts to melt the butter so instead one uses a pair of wooden hands [Music] once the buttermilk is removed ruth adds salt which is a preservative and indeed if i put enough salt in it i can even make a product that can survive for a full year in an edible not necessarily a tasty but in an edible fashion what kind of trouble do you think ruth has got us into now oh you never know spruce to you oh there [Music] peter and tom are keen to get on with their monastic restoration project and the priority is laying a new floor it'll be made from a mixture of lime putty and ash known as lime ash which was strong flexible and a good heat insulator the boys have come to collect some limestone from the forest to produce their own lime putty this is the key ingredient to our floor it's chalk we're going to heat it up that's going to dry off the carbon dioxide we're going to put that in water that'll turn into a putty then we're going to lay it in our floor and as it dries out and reabsorbs carbon dioxide it's going to turn back into chalk back into a stone and make our floor absolutely solid to turn the limestone into the lime and ash mixture needed for the floor it must be roasted at a temperature of over 900 degrees celsius just need to make sure that every piece of that chalk hits that magic number of 900 degrees chalk or limestone was hugely popular as a building material in the tudor era while the anglo-saxons had built with wood the tudors needed lime to make mortar for their stone-built castles city walls and churches lime ash was normally gathered from the bottom of kilns where limestone was burnt lime kilns really take off in the tudor period and that's the reason why in 1500 there's a massive surge in the fashion for lime ash floors however farmers like us who might not be too close to a lime kiln could make their own such as this it's a real crossover in technology [Music] in tudor england the shadow of plague and disease was ever present people worked hard to keep a clean living environment there were even systems for waste removal centuries before germs were discovered cleaning was a surprisingly rigorous affair especially in the dairy with the butter made ruth needs to wash her equipment etude housewife had three lines of defense in her battle for hygiene in the dairy and not one of them included soap first and foremost came salt used with a damp cloth it helps to scrub but it also of course kills bacteria she then turned to the second line of defense boiling water all the dairy utensils we're finished off by being scolded over all of their surfaces and her last line of defense was sunlight more specifically the uv element of sunlight she might not have known why it worked but she knew that it did in fact the uv kills bacteria so on a nice day like today you'd have seen a very common sight outside any woman's dairy all her dairy utensils lined up in the sun getting a good sterilizing dose of sunlight the limestone has been roasting for three hours driving off carbon dioxide and leaving a highly volatile product called quicklime it's then put in water for a process known as slaking so if we just pop that in there it goes look at it look look amazing it appears to have worked and if i bring that back up there we go look at that oh that's the dangerous bit so that is that is lime slaking and it's turning into a putty the fire drives off all the carbon dioxide and it makes uh the chalk very very volatile when it goes in the water uh the water is absorbed and there's an exothermic reaction so this isn't the heat from the fire that's doing this this is the chemical reaction that's heating up this water and you can hear it and it's slowly turning into a putty look at that that is lime putty on my shovel [Music] the lime will continue to slake in the water overnight [Music] in 1500 the shape of england's waterways and wetlands was unrecognizable from today before the extensive land drainage of the later 16th century these regions provided a wealth of resources from fish and wildfowl to peat used for fuel and something without which no tudor home would have been complete rushes hi linda oh hi ruth has come to meet rush worker linda lemieux the rushes they harvest will be made into floor mats for the room the team are renovating rush is a rather ignored resource in modern britain you look at the domestic interiors of the late 15th and early 16th century and you can spot rushes here there and everywhere they chewed our england they use them for their mattresses their chair seats their cushions their flooring their flooring hats baskets rushes were commonly cut between may and september as near to mid-summer as possible because it's a harvest we've got to do it in a certain four or five weeks of the year that's all we've got all right these will all die down if you come to the river in in october you won't see a thing right and you come to the river in april you won't see a thing so they all die down right back into their rhizome in the mud [Music] before ruth finishes harvesting the rushes she'll need a decent floor to put them on [Music] peter and tom are combining their lime ash putty with sand clay and flint to give the mixture strength this is really good our lime putty mixed with the ash the boys are adding a special ingredient to bind their floor that smell you or the milk it's a little bit of both tom i mean that should go as the floor ages so we don't have to worry about it too much [Music] used in concretes like this since roman times sour milk contains a protein called casein which bonds with the lime to make it durable and waterproof we're like tiny little bakers making a giant cake aren't we once all the ingredients are combined they can start to lay the floor if we just get it in there and stamp it down then flattening it off later with spades feeling good feeling good it's getting there [Music] i'm glad they're not too heavy yeah no good harvest we got here now i was cutting good boy before the rushes can be used they must be dried out we if we use them straight that they're so bristle they'll just snap straight away like that so what you have to do is let the cell structure dry out so here's a couple that i cut about five weeks ago and now they don't snap and if i try and just tear that i can't to make the floor mats the rushes must be plaited together i'll hold it for you just over under us right yeah i like the feel that's developing yeah that's that's tough isn't it that's strong but it's still got a certain soft and bounciness to it now if you imagine your mattress might need about 100 feet of this plaque should we do a kids one hygiene dictated that the floor mats be replaced every year so there was scarcely a time when planting rushes wasn't on the to-do list it's the final push to finish the renovations the boys are polishing the floor with milk to give it a hard waterproof coating this is going to be this is going to be a fantastic floor i can feel it and ruth has almost completed the sleeping mats i've made loads of the plaits i shall probably have to make some more but still and then i'm sewing them together into a mat this floor looks so much better that's not bad i think you made a really good job oh thank you right where do you want your mats oh just stick them out the way for a minute because i've got the hygiene to sort out first okay i've got a whole load of herbs to scatter on the floor and they serve two basic functions the first thing is about smell people in this period believe that disease was carried by evil miasmas by bad smells in the air and if you breathe that evil miasma you would get sick so wherever you lived wherever you were spending time you wanted it to smell as sweet and clean as possible but then there's also a role for insecticides things like my tansy my wormwood fleabane they're for keeping insects out of the house things like flies or ants or or body lice fleas anything like that can be driven out and it will make the whole living experience not only healthier but much pleasanter do you want to stick these mats down then i've got a little lay down in addition to the room and a provision of food the corridor might include firewood and some cooking equipment is that the last one yeah i think the floor makes a huge difference you know this is easy to keep clean to look after to be comfy isn't it home sweet home yeah [Music] [Music] the influence of the church on the people of tudor england extended far beyond its role as landlord and welfare provider they also controlled the spread of ideas [Music] major centres of learning with extensive libraries the monasteries were the custodians of knowledge monasteries commissioned deluxe books costly and prestigious objects as gifts for their most distinguished patrons and tom will be making one to present to the abbot's feast historically books had been written on vellum a material made from calfskin but by 1500 another medium had taken over paper expert jim patterson is showing tom how paper was produced what we've got in here is a mixture of linen and water they're the ingredients for tudor paper making you would start off with with waste rag it would be a recycling process and that's the pulp that would result there's no wood involved at all none whatsoever not till much much later in history uh now you're gonna form a sheet on a hand mold okay here we are by dipping it in below the surface go in like that that's it that's it in you go below the surface flood the mold and bring it up clear of the bring it clear of the the vat up now shake it forward back side you'll see the sheet actually forming and it's leaving the fiber on the surface a little bit [Laughter] should i go again no i think that'll pass the tudor paper and the next stage is cooching from the french crusher delay there's placing that on there that's right bring it up right this was the job for the assistant this was the non-technical non-technical yeah fair enough yeah i'm just going to roll that roll it from one hand to the other and it should come away now you see you see it's not as easy as it looks not enough weight okay we'll make another one more weight next time d dig in deep the first paper mill in england was established around 1490 but at the time paper was mainly imported from europe making it extremely costly firmly and with confidence with confidence sir and manufacturers could be recognized by their watermarks not too bad there's quite a deep indentation here when the paper's pressed that will pretty much all come down to the same thickness and you really shouldn't be able to see it on the surface but when you hold it up to the light the displaced fibers will will show as a watermark the paper is pressed for an hour [Music] we'll take the press off now and see what we've got quite excited by this after 50 years the novelty wears off that's the first of our bits of paper that's brilliant and you can see the watermark paper making tudor style thank you very much [Music] the daily running of the monasteries required many lay workers leaving the monks free for worship prayer or study usually these workers were men but certain jobs were open to older women considered by the monks to be beyond the temptations of the flesh they helped with gardening cooking and the washing of linens [Music] which is what ruth has been commissioned to do my main cleaning chemical throughout all my housework is wood ash it's particularly good at dealing with grease with dissolving it so that you can wash it away but when you're doing the laundry you don't necessarily want pure ash in your best napkins so what i'm going to do is filter the chemical within the ash out into a nice clean liquid inside a bucket with a hole in the bottom ruth makes a filter of river gravel and straw and then ash just goes on top and this is you know just out of the fireplace and then i just need to pour some water through and let that seep through leeching out every last bit of chemical into a really strong lie solution the word lie after all is just a short form of alkali with tom and ruth attending to monastic matters peter is keeping the farm running the cows have eaten all the grass and there is a shortage of food to source a tudor solution peter has come to meet ted greene who looks after the woodlands at nap castle in west sussex hi ted how are you doing yeah not bad how are you well really really pleased because i've just found this uh tree which is going to really work for a ladder for us you're making a ladder out of this tree yeah oh gosh well there you go i'll bring the tools you bring the tools i'll bring the ladder straight in front of you ted is reviving an ancient farming practice which has existed ever since animals were domesticated harvesting hay from trees it's a perfect solution for the dry months as trees keep their leaves hydrated so the hay will provide a good source of moisture it's something which actually pre-dates grass it's only in modern times that people start thinking about grass animals never never at only grass we made them eat grass which trees are we looking at cutting in this particular case we've got two trees which are ash which they absolutely love it's one of the top trees for animals right i've been lugging this ladder around longer okay where do you want it well we're going to try and rest it in that tree just there you go here we go no no no no no no over your way a bit oh that's it you're in great i don't mind that go on try it i'm not only convinced about this okay right um so you're up yeah for now okay so what am i going for here ted what am i looking for this year's growth which should have leaves right down the stem to near the trunk that's brilliant and that's a good that's a good size as well that's lovely for for storing these leaves ted so they're gonna they're gonna hold their nutrients yep yep that because we're cutting on this time of the year obviously when they fall off in the autumn the tree has put all the minerals and nutrients back into itself but by doing this we're trapping them all in the in the leaves unlike coppicing where material is cut from the base of the tree harvesting tree hay like this is known as pollarding the leaves are cut and regrow above the height of the animal's head which meant farmers could control the crop it was one of the earliest forms of woodland management well pete that looks like you got most of it off to me yeah i think so wonderful as well as laundering the linen for the upcoming abbott's feast ruth is also tackling some more personal garments while most lay people had little time for bodily hygiene for monks washing was a matter of religious discipline demanded before meals and the duties of the day having clean clothes was essential [Music] according to the rule of saint benedict a monk was supposed to wear his woolen tunic next to his skin then he had his woolen scapular over it a woolen gown and a woolen hood but by 1500 lay people wouldn't have dreamed of wearing wool next to the skin they all wore linen underwear something that could be laundered regularly and the monks wanted some of that comfort and cleanliness themselves so there are records of monks buying underwear and there are also records of them having it laundered so i've put a load of um sheets in if i just keep piling up come up and up and up until the basket's full it'll all compress down and i have real difficulty getting my lie to move between so once i've got a layer i make a shelf the shelf will support the next layer of linen saving the bottom layer from being crushed [Music] so now it's the moment for my extra strong lie pour this lion it's going to slowly filtrate its way through all the greasy dirty things dissolving any grease that's there so on it goes tom is overseeing the production of a book which the abbot will present to his patron at the feast in medieval england hand-copied books were still a precious commodity mainly the preserve of nobility and the monasteries but by the reign of henry vii a new technology from the continent was changing this the printing press with movable type developed by a german craftsman johannes guttenberg the press allowed individual letters to be set into text and rearranged with ease printing expert nick smith is setting the type for the abbott's book so when you put these letters in you're not actually putting them in as you would read them no the letter on the end of the piece of type is going to be upside down and backwards as far as the compositor is concerned so he has to be able to read a line like that just to check that there are no errors in it and that of course means that when it's turned over inked and pressed into paper it'll come out the right way around printers used to refer to these types of sorts if you run out of the stock of a particular character you can say you're out of sorts once a page of type is set it is carefully transferred to a metal frame called a chase and held in place with wedges known as furniture [Music] those letters move in a millimeter it becomes a smudge it does yes you can't afford to have the type moving at all um in fact some of the inks we use are so sticky that if a type is at all loose the sticky ink will actually pull it out of position and that's a lot of work that can be a disaster so these are the ink balls these are the balls here pick up ink from the ink block there [Music] now a sheet of paper then goes on here now i'm turning the frisket down this is a a light metal frame covered in paper and this is basically a mask only the areas that want to print are going to touch the paper [Music] we provide the pressure by pulling on this bar we now have to move the press bed in again so it's a double printing process double printing process and the reason for that is simply that with this simple screw mechanism it's not possible to develop enough pressure to print a whole sheet in one go and so there's our printed sheet look at that so how many of these sheets would you expect to print in an hour they should print 250 in an hour but i can't really imagine that they ever managed that for a long period you could make it a little bit faster if you had a boy who was known as a princess devil taking off the printed sheets because that that required no skill at all well you've got an unskilled labourer here and we've got a book [Music] this new printing technology was developed by entrepreneurs not the church as the century progressed they made more and more affordable books which ordinary people might own it was an invention that would change the world once the lye has removed all the grease from the laundry it's time to wash it you can find common washing places like this all over britain for hundreds of years every community had to have somewhere to do their laundry the key to tudor laundry was brute force it's hard work with this but that's the point that is what does the job for you there's no chemicals involved it is purely mechanical action what you're doing is forcing molecules of water under tension through the fibers and it just physically mechanically dislodges the dirt it's the bashing that does it [Music] once thoroughly rung out the laundry is laid on the grass to dry the combination of water and sunlight produces a bleaching effect so the monastery sheets are about six shades whiter than ours [Music] the abbott's book is nearly finished it just needs binding apprentice bookbinder eve goodman is showing tom the process one of the things with printed books is you've got to be really really careful to make sure you don't get pages out of order you look at the originals and there are quite a few pages upside down where an apprentice has not been quite paying attention once all the papers are folded they are sliced in half it should be one continuous movement okay bring the knife towards you and fold it again to form sheets making sure that all the pages are the right way up i've got that's nice stiff paper oh it's high quality i tell you this date the way book binding was working was you had a book binding shop and people would come in with their pages having had them printed and hand them over and say i want you to bind those this is the the point at which industrious book binding is happening where suddenly people can afford to go and buy their pages and take them to a book binder i suppose the ability to mass produce books of this type means that when the reformation occurred henry eighth was able to print the bible in english and get it out there making that sort of break from rome so much easier because obviously a lot of the bibles were printed in latin and you needed to have that separation exactly a small press was used to hold the pages in place while their spines were marked out and a series of slits cut right this is the vital part this is the part that holds all of the book together this is sewing on the core so a series of chords are lined up with the slits in the spine and the whole book is sewn together so you are literally just stitching a book yeah you're sewing it together look it's actually it's very precise isn't it yeah it starts to feel like a book at this point yeah a proper present next the book needs to be cut to size it's got a plow you see there's a blade here [Music] [Applause] and you'll see as soon as i got through this lot just how silky smooth the edge of the book is if you run your finger down there it squeaks that's unbelievably smooth that's amazing the spine is rounded using a hammer you can see that there's that there's a curve on it there's a bit of a curve and all books have got that and it's all about making sure that the spine is as stable as possible this also forms a ledge for the book's cover to sit on so you can see the rounding over of the spine is so that you get this seamless curve originally covered in plain vellum by 1500 luxury books had fine leather covers and the craftsmanship required to make a book emphasizes really why they were such prestige gifts doesn't it and finally the book is put in the press to set overnight i think the abbot's gonna be very proud to give that to his patron thank you for letting me observe oh that's right hey turkish hey georgie hey mildred back on the farm the pigs are flourishing peter's tree hay is going down well she absolutely loves it i'm a convert tree hey it's fantastic it's your food stop playing your dinner and with the crop finally dry it's time to bring in the peas well our pea scare has definitely worked we still have a crop i mean i think there's a lot of peas on there there's an awful lot of pizza we were trying to pick these by hand we'd be here forever [Music] the team are using scythes first developed in roman times by the medieval era they had spread throughout europe the smell's amazing isn't it tom it is but it came out quite easy as well loading the peas into our wagon and these dried peas we can thrash to get the peas out but the stems we can feed to our cows [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] you're making friends down there peter making friends for the tudor farmer a good crop would have been a godsend [Music] feeding them and their animals and even making a little cash if there was extra to sell [Applause] the crop will be beaten with sticks to release the peas a process known as thrashing [Music] isn't it fantastic standing in a farm so completely full of all of our crops yeah i know look at that there are hundreds of peas yeah this is good i don't know if it's the weather or what but this has been a really good crop i think it's well down to our tudor farming techniques to be honest or maybe enough time spent on our knees in church [Music] [Music] the abbott's feast is just days away but the elaborate food he will be serving was a far cry from the simple meals of ordinary monks benedictus benedict a jason kristen [Music] every meal began with grace talking was forbidden so instead the monks communicated over the dinner table using sign language [Music] each monk had a daily allowance of two and a half pounds of bread and a gallon of ale and two pounds of fish a fundamental part of the monastic diet but fish wasn't only important for the monks the church decreed that for three days a week and on many holy days lay people should not eat meat only fish while the general public had to make do with dried or salted fish the monasteries had become expert fish farmers they engineered elaborate systems of ponds to grow salmon pike and carp which will be served at the abbot's feast ruth has come to the monastic kitchen to prepare the food starting with the carp this would have been a luxury food it's fresh water fish and for most people you know that was in itself a sign of wealth and of privilege only those who had the rights to the fishing could take the fish so fresh water fish carried a certain social cache hay you knew if you were served any of the freshwater fish that you were being given the produce of the owner of the land ruth stuffs the fish with anchovies bread herbs and spices a valuable commodity in tudor england the monks obviously tried to keep a really close eye on what they were using and spending in their kitchens just the same way as they were keeping a close eye on the way their lands were being farmed so monks were supervising chefs they were in charge of the stores of keeping count of food going in and food coming out [Music] ruth makes a cage to support the fish during the roasting [Music] the church was instrumental in the advancement of fine dining the frequent travels of the clergy meant new ideas and cooking methods spread throughout europe ruth is trying out an elaborate pastry dish i'm building a pastry castle according to a menu from 1500 the bishop of london served just such a thing at a dinner it started with a moat of custard and then within it was a great pastry castle and in each of the turrets of the pastry castle will be a different filling and i rather thought well you know if it's good enough for the bishop of london maybe it's good enough for our rabbit peter has turned his attention to drinks for the feast in the 1500s wine was an expensive commodity there we go pop that back on there one way to make it last longer was to distill it into a spirit distiller jack green has made a still the apparatus needed to produce brandy so as i blow air into the coals here they heat up that heats the wine but what happens then we need to slowly bring it up yeah until we come to the boiling point of the alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water the alcohol evaporates goes up into the condenses on here and run down this channel here and then down the spout essentially the the alcohol evaporates at a lower temperature than the rest of the wine yes a little last little sophistication is we've put this wet blanket on it oh like a little tea cozy but the opposite so rather than keeping it hot cools it down right okay so we're getting we're getting a few drips coming out of here yes the first alcohol that comes over is methanol and methanol is the bad stuff what happens if i drink that well you probably go blind methanol has a lower boiling point than ethanol so the first drops that come over are the methanol and we discard those when do you know that you've changed from methanol to ethanol you just have to guess just have to get all right okay when the ethanol starts to come through the spout is connected to a long tube which is cooled in a bucket of water this will help the ethanol fully condense we're getting some already that's fantastic so that that is now the ethanol coming through a bit faster now a bit faster it's a very delicate business right the reason it's called spirits is that uh this is the body yeah the spirit rises and this is the spirit that's why it's the holy spirit sort of thing yeah so carry on so the the vapor of alcohol is the spirit leaving the body of wine yeah by the way i'm looking forward to trying it oh yes you'll be the first i put my thumb over the spout and it smells good how does it taste just a little sip don't drink it all that's really nice that is really nice good good [Applause] the food is prepared and the brandy distilled but there's one more job to do before the feast peter and tom have been called upon to serve at the banquet and they need a lesson in tudor etiquette you have no idea what an honour this is you know this would have been gentleman's sons who had been carefully trained from childhood in how to be gracious how to bow beautifully how to serve a table with exactly the right etiquette they'd have special carving lessons i mean so that they could do it precisely and cleanly and quickly you've gone up in the world exactly exactly this is your serving towel right you put the serving towel on for serving dinner it's a symbol of what sort of role you play at dinner because he's gonna have slightly different to you so you get two towels because you're carving again badge of office i mean the posh of your servants were the posture you were and the better turned out your servants were the more it reflected on you what are your bowels like come on machine bows bowing or genuflecting yeah it is more like a genuflect yeah you want to be doing the particularly when you're serving the food you want to be able to come down with the trays held in front of you yeah that's the sort of thing you're doing that in two moves i think go and have another go i thought it was pretty good the first time you see try not stepping quite so far just keep it really small and then that knee can come right into your heel it's better look you're gonna go in there you're gonna be elegant you're gonna be lovely we're gonna do you proud you are gone don't be gorgeous [Music] it's the day of the abbot's feast and the monastery's most important patron will be dining more than just an expression of hospitality it was a vital chance to win favor and donations as a sign of humility following the example of christ a senior monk would wash the feet of the guests before dinner benedict dominion said to a donor equated to a larger tarte summer somtori per christum domino nostrum amen the seating plan was meticulous only the most distinguished guests would sit on the high table with the abbot the further away you sat the lower your social status each of the elaborate dishes ruth's pastry castle with a custard moat platters decorated with gold and the carp along with many other dishes would be ceremonially presented to the abbot for approval before being served [Music] carving carp for the monastic table it's not a case of filleting the fish instead i'm running my knife around the outside of the fish cutting off the fins and and the tail and the head and then the body i'm going to cut it into equal sized portions complete with bones because when it's served it will still look like a fish but each piece can be picked up and eaten as bite-sized morsels [Music] the drinks served in cups were kept on a board the origin of the word cupboard they would be offered to the top table with the server waiting for the guest to finish before removing the cup and tom's prestigious gift is presented as a token of our gratitude i would like to present you with this book a life of saint edmund in english thank you so much any scraps of food were put in an arms bowl to be given to the poor the monasteries were so dominant in the provision of welfare that it was only after the dissolution that the government was forced to confront the issue [Music] with the dining over the guests were entertained into the night by musicians revelry was not uncommon even within the monastic walls this has been a real insight into how those above us actually live it's really different i mean when you think our dining seems quite formal we'll put our best globber on and we all sit there and be oversized but this is a whole scale above and also the sheer amount of food being consumed it's more crazy isn't it it is crazy i mean i know everything there gets eaten by somebody but that initial huge groaning board is quite a sight to see i want to stress i did not drop the custard castle because i thought i was going to a couple of times despite how much wine you drank but this sort of event it was what kept the monasteries funded yeah well they're stuffed and so they're coffers next time on tudor monastery farm it's harvest time this has taken us four and a half hours and look how much more there is produce a vital tudor resource did you think of salt as a basic ingredient having to process it down just adds so much labor [Music] and enjoy some tudor entertainment i always knew that this scythe was meant for more than just harvesting peas from here they shall not pass

Channel: Parable - Religious History Documentaries

Views: 50,586

Keywords: parable, parable channel, parable documentary, religious history, religious history documentary, bible documentary, bible documentary bbc, fun history, fun history videos, ruth goodman documentary, ruth goodman tudor monastery farm, ruth goodman peter ginn and alex langlands, bbc history shows, bbc history documentary, bbc history documentary playlist, what was life like in the middle ages, nuns, funny history, english history series, english history documentary, the tudors

Id: yUNpDotuzjk

Length: 58min 30sec (3510 seconds)

Published: Tue Oct 26 2021