The Ancient Biblical Manuscript That Polarized Scholars | Tares Among The Wheat | Parable

this channel is part of the history hit Network [Music] for a nearly 2 000 years the world has been turned upside down over what can only be called the most controversial book of all time to its critics the Bible is merely a combination of myth and Legend mingled with history but for those who believe in its sacred writings it is the inspired and inerrant word of God a Divine record that not only tells the way by which men get to heaven but also warns of an eternal judgment for those who reject the light of Truth found within Jesus said and this is the condemnation that light is coming to the world and Men love Darkness rather than light because their deeds were evil [Music] [Music] foreign thank you [Music] foreign [Music] after he was crucified and raised from the dead the followers of Jesus Christ went into all the world to the Jews first and then to the Gentiles they preached that Jesus is the true Messiah and that he suffered for the sins of men according to the writings of the Holy Scripture [Music] give all the prophets witness that through his name whosoever believeth in him and receive remission of sins but Jesus himself had said to his disciples I send you forth as sheep in the midst of wolves the apostles also warned Believers about seducing spirits and doctrines of devils and of certain men who would creep into the church with deception and lies but there were false prophets also among the people even as there shall be false teachers among you who privilege shall bring in damnable hereses even denying the Lord that bought them and bring upon themselves Swift destruction [Music] through the Middle Ages many of the reformers came to believe that These Warnings pertained to the rise of the Roman Church in the Book of Revelation they saw the picture of Rome's apostasy presented as an Unfaithful woman sitting atop a seven-headed beast and upon her forehead was a name written mystery Babylon the great the mother of harlots and Abominations of the Earth and I saw the woman drunken with the blood of the Saints and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus but the Roman Church did not rise up overnight it came about one step at a time through the early centuries if you look at your early church history you had five patriarchists that came into being Antioch Jerusalem Alexandria Constantinople and Rome so you had five main Church centers over the first couple of hundred years but Alexandria fell and Jerusalem and Antioch also fell early on so you're left with Constantin Noble and Rome so you had those two but Rome gained the ascendancy in the west they're they're developed by the fourth fifth sixth Century controversies among all the Bishops in various parts of the world especially Europe and uh the Middle East and whenever there was a controversy some Court had to decide what the answer is and many problems that arose early on theological problems would then be a sent to Rome to be looked at and answers given while the New Testament Church had begun in ancient Jerusalem and spread throughout the Gentile World somehow the leadership of Rome dominated as the chief Oracle in matters of debate well you've got to remember the history of Rome uh the Roman Empire was a great Empire for hundreds of years and the popes became The Heirs to that kind of power in the 5th Century one of the most well-known doctors of the early church Augustine of Hippo would make reference to a conflict that arose between certain African Bishops Augustine wrote in this matter two councils have already sent letters to the apostolic sea and from thence rescripts have come back the cause is finished what Augustine was saying in that very famous statement he was saying this if Rome makes a decision that settles it so they needed a court and The Prestige of the empire was in the city of Rome uh by the you know Augustine's time and so that's all he's saying he said when we have an issue when we have a difference of opinion let's turn to Rome in the centuries that followed Augustine's statement would be paraphrased by the popes and doctors of the Roman Church his words were taken to mean Rome has spoken the matter is closed in other words if the Church of Rome sets forth an opinion all other churches must obey then in the 5th Century the ancient empire suffered its Decline and fell as it was sacked by the Barbarian tribes that would reduce the city of Seven Hills to ruin Rome was overrun by the Huns and the Attila the Hun and so the whole system of the empire was defeated and so the pope sand began to take the place of the ancient Caesars and so they came to take over not only spiritual leadership but also political leadership foreign from then on grasped at more and more power and that's how the papacy really came into being while the papacy did not spring up overnight and there were many events that led to its development the date most often looked to by Protestant historians is 606 A.D when the Roman Emperor Focus named Pope bonaface III the universal Bishop over all the Christian churches this is when the papal power was said to be officially established in Rome for a man to say that he is the true leader of all Christianity is not only a Biblical but it goes completely against God's word and it opens a door for a control system to be set up that can control the world that Satan can use and so I would say that this concept of a pope from the beginning was Satan's plan for a man to manipulate the church in the Name of Christ but set up a system of antichrist or anti-christian belief system once the papal system came into being and it was clear that it represented an apostate system that combined Pagan teachings and traditions with worldly politics all under the mask of Christianity you had Christians then that fell into two categories there were those who followed after the teachings of the Pope and the Church of Rome and then you had those who were known throughout history as Bible believers who kept themselves separate from Rome and were determined to base their faith on the scriptures alone without any kind of man-made doctrines or sacred councils which they had in the Roman system it was because they rejected the Pope's claims of authority that many Bible Believers were persecuted in the early centuries English author Adrian Hilton writes that the Roman pseudo-christianity caused many faithful Believers to flee into the mountains of Europe and Asia Minor to escape persecution and death and there they continued away from the world's view as the True Church of Christ these groups in many cases opposed Rome they usually looked upon Rome as the Antichrist they looked upon the mass as blasphemy they didn't believe in the priesthood of Rome and many other of the teachings of Rome they repudiated and claimed that they went back to the early church particularly the waldensians or the valences they claimed they were the true church they did they didn't separate from Rome but Rome separated from them there were Christians around who did not always see eye to eye with the pope of the Roman Catholic Church in fact there were a number of them you believe these earlier groups the wall densas and the Alba genzas were Christians yeah many of them were I've read their writings and studied their history and they were willing to die for their faith the politions also go back into Armenia and other places way back as early as the 4th Century they believe also they were continuing the true church and opposed they opposed everything about the papal church and looked upon it as the Antichrist the belief that these earlier groups were in fact Christians was held by nearly all of the reformers including men like John Wycliffe Martin Luther John Calvin and many others in fact many Christians are familiar with the idea of America as a city on a hill well that speech was originally given by Governor John Winthrop who was one of the founders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and as he and the other Puritans came to the new world he gave this speech about America or they themselves as a city on a hill but at the beginning of that speech he makes reference to the waldenses as an example of Christian charity in his speech Winthrop said we are a company professing ourselves fellow members of Christ we ought to account ourselves knit together by this Bond of love and live in the exercise of it this was Notorious in the practice of the Christians in former times as is testified of the walled enzas they used to love any of their own religion even before they were acquainted with them nevertheless modern histories continue to report that these early Bible Believers were Heretics who believed in occult doctrines what do you say to people who present those modern historic arguments well I would say first of all that a lot of our history comes from Rome we have to recognize that it was old Gibbon who said that when the Wars are fought the victors tell the story I'm not giving his words exactly but that's the gist of what he says he says in other words it is the victors who tell the story so if you're a defeated Christian small group then you are your story is told from the standpoint of those who conquered you and Pelican the modern American Scholar says and there is no other way many times to tell the story the common charge against the walled enzas and albigensis is that these groups held to Unorthodox ideas about God and that they were guilty of what was called the manichaean heresy the manichaeans believed they were Duelists they believed in a god of good and a god of evil and that was one of the Great heresies of the church [Music] in time the word manichaean came to be a general term for heresy but did not necessarily mean that a person actually believed the doctrines of the manichaeans when Martin Luther began the Reformation the Synod of sense accused him of being a manichaean in fact modern historian S.J Barnett writes that during and after the Reformation Catholic propagandists hoped to undermine the legitimacy of protestantism Catholic apologists usually designated Luther and Calvin as manichaean Heretics from the 3rd Century duelist heresy [Music] when they couldn't find anything wrong with a so-called heretic they would charge them with manichaeanism because that was that was always punishable by Death so if I couldn't find out that you were a heretic in some other way then I would just charge you as being a manichaean and that way I could put you to death and I didn't have to prove a whole lot of other things against you so that was one of the tactics of Rome was to charge whatever groups were being charged with whatever heresies they were being investigated for to charge them with manichaeanism so that the their case could be made easier and they could be shown to be true Heretics so you cannot take a lot of the information that we get you have to certainly investigate it thoroughly to find out what these groups believe they refuse to acknowledge the dogmas or the ideas or the doctrines that were being promoted by men that weren't biblical and so they took a Biblical position because of their biblical position they were persecuted [Music] as we said earlier most of the reformers believed that the charges of heresy against these earlier groups were falsely created by Rome to justify her persecutions yet most Protestant historians believe that the wall denses and the Alba Genesis were forerunners of the Reformation 19th century historian William Jones wrote that to justify the wall dances and Alba genzis is indeed to defend the reformation and reformers they having so long before us with an exemplary courage labored to preserve the Christian religion in its ancient Purity which the Church of Rome all this while has endeavored to abolish to be more specific it would be more accurate to say that the popes have endeavored to abolish biblical Christianity in favor of a religious system of their own making and because of this they have seen the Bible as their Chief enemy and this is the reason why they outlawed it from being read by the common people throughout history they gave different pronouncements of saying that you can't give these holy things to the swine and they use that scripture as completely bogus Pearls Before Swine doesn't have anything to do with giving the life-giving scripture to the people but the Roman Catholic Church just looked at the looked at the common man as as pigs who could not possibly understand the scriptures because of this Martin Luther and eventually the rest of the reformers came to believe that the pope was the Fulfillment of biblical warnings concerning the greatest enemy of Christ if you make a study of the life of Luther you'll find that there was a very slow transition from 1517 when he nailed the 95 Theses to the door to about the year 1520 so that's only a matter of three years but from someone who thought he was being faithful to the church even though it was the Roman Church to the time he gets to 1520 and there's a bull which actually excommunicates him he turns and he actually says that I am convinced now that the pope sitting on the throne there in Rome is the Antichrist because he was so contrary his power and his teaching so contrary to the basic truths of the Gospel Luther and many others preached the gospel of grace and brought forth the Protestant Reformation but their Chief obstacle was the conflict between the Biblical teaching of salvation by faith in Christ as a free gift from God versus Rome's teaching of a work salvation based on the rituals of the Catholic Church the Roman Church was teaching had been teaching for 500 years or longer that a man is saved by his works and some of the Contemporary Scholars say you're wrong because the medieval theologians did believe that the power or the they called it the potentia the potent power the absolute power of God can save us all by grace through faith yeah they did say that but then they said yeah but there's the portentia or dinata of God and you'll say well what is that well while God could do that because he's absolutely Sovereign that's not the method he ordained the method he ordained was the church and the ordinances or the sacraments and through the sacraments of a man and the terms are very clear uh you have to fachire in Quad say Este that's Latin four a man has to do within himself what he has to do to prepare himself for What's called the Merit of congruity and when he does that then God comes in with a merit of condignity so it's a very very complicated process and that's still believed today there's no and yet it goes back to the Middle Ages because you're building up a storehouse of Merit and that's the whole system see um is that basically Works righteousness yeah that's exactly what it is [Music] while such debates might seem tedious in the modern world to the people of the Middle Ages the understanding of Salvation was quite literally a matter of life and death [Music] centuries later and the doctrine of work salvation through sacraments and rituals continues in the Church of Rome today where more than one billion Catholics follow the teachings of the Pope to deceive one billion people about their Eternal Destiny I think you cannot get a greater lie than that nor a greater misrepresentation of the scripture when it says Christ has purged our sins when he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high and in the Latin Vulgate that is purgatory and it's the very same root from which the get Purgatory but the Bible teaches nothing about purgatory the Bible teaches that Christ has purged our sins and taken our sins in his own body on the tree that we might go free and be pardoned and not have to go to some purgatorial fires to get our sins purged away so it's a blasphemy against the crosswork of Christ and the resurrection of Christ that assures us that our sins have been forgiven and that we stand Justified before God through the cross work death and resurrection of Christ [Music] to oppose the papal teaching the reformers declared that salvation was by God's grace alone through faith alone in Christ alone where John Fox and the reformers they rediscovered beginning with Martin Luther the just shall live by faith and to prove their Doctrine they were determined to make the Bible available to all men um Martin Luther took rasmuses 1519 a new testament Greek New Testament and he translated his uh September Bible 1522 and they were sold as quick as they could come off the printing press and people began reading it and realized that Rome was telling them lies and they began trusting Jesus Christ hence you had the start of the Reformation in um in Germany there from Germany Luther's teaching spread to England and would influence William Tyndale the man whose mission would be to ensure that even a common plow boy could read the word of God William Tyndall started reading the word of God he had a desire for the people to have the word of God and so the Reformation just breaks out and Roman Catholicism the Catholics they can't put a lid on it because once the people get the Bible in their own language the Bible says you shall know the truth and the truth will make you free and people started getting this huge burden of sin off of their shoulders I think of Thomas bilney Thomas Bill and he thought he was the Judas of his generation and so he thought he would do something that was worthy of betrayal and so he went out and secretly bought a Erasmus New Testament and he opened it to First Timothy where it Paul says he's the chiefest the Sinners and that Christ came into the world to die for them he says if if God can forgive Paul he can forgive me he was gloriously saved and let me just tell you it's so he went to confession and he goes and confesses to Latimer and tells Latimer who's whose father Vladimir tells him oh Father I've sinned I went and bought this Greek New Testament and I read about how Jesus Christ forgives sins and I've trusted Jesus Christ as my personal Savior and Latimer says in his own words you're reading Fox's book of Martin he says I learned more that day from that confession of Thomas bilney that I had learned in 20 years of studying the Scripture it happened to be the Hue Latimer comes to know Jesus Christ as his personal savior so as the the word of God gets out Chris it's like a fire it goes and people read it and they're set free and I'll tell you Billy says it was like it was sweeter than eating fresh honey out of the honeycomb as he's talking about the scriptures even instead of William Tyndall he was a man who was singularly addicted to the scriptures [Music] like William Tyndale Thomas bilney and Hugh Latimer would both be condemned by the Church of Rome and were burned at the stake for their faith in the word of God nevertheless their sacrifice was not in vain as their deaths and those of many others inspired countless Souls across Europe to turn from Rome and embrace the true gospel and they were burning the ships of God thank God that gospel burned with Mighty fire [Music] Catholicism had kept him oppressed and suppressed and they had kept them under a bondage of guilt and Jesus Christ through the scriptures sets them free the Holy Spirit used the holy word of God to set him free but this Freedom would not be proclaimed without consequence the Church of Rome responded with its own counter-attack to understand what the Vatican did next we have to realize the tremendous impact that the Reformation had Protestant historian J.A Wiley wrote that the Reformation had transformed whole countries all over Europe and it would ultimately change the world foreign wrote that advancing overall opposition this great religious revival not yet half a century old had acquired a strength and a breadth truly amazing from the little Saxon town of Wittenberg it had spread itself out comprehending the powerful kingdoms of Saxony Pomerania Poland Bohemia Hungary and Transylvania the Reformation had been welcomed by Norway Sweden Denmark Holland and the Netherlands its career had been one of unimpeded continuous victory the south and west of France were Protestant and the supremacy of the Reformation seemed all but certain of the countries of Western Europe only two Italy and Spain now remained with the Pope they didn't take Martin Luther seriously at first nor did they take us movement very seriously but as it began to spread they realized they had a real fight on their hands so to speak in 1540 the pope commissioned a former Spanish soldier named Ignatius Loyola to form a military company of priests within the Catholic Church their chief purpose was to launch a counter-reformation to destroy the work of the reformers and bring the Protestant churches back under the authority of the Pope they were named The Society of Jesus or as their enemies called them the Jesuits foreign the great Roman Catholic writer would practically call them the Storm Troopers of the papacy their idea was to defeat the Protestant churches there that were going on throughout Europe at the time the Reformation and then to continue that work in education the forming of universities colleges seminaries all across America and across Europe so the Jesuits really have been engaged in just about every kind of activity known to man educational and subversive Intrigue and many of people have said they were linked to assassinations so the counter-affirmation involved Wars sieges is everything under the sun to try to defeat protestantism but the key point of contention was the Bible it was how the reformers understood the scripture and preached to the population at large that was the greatest threat to Rome they're dangerous they're dangerous to everything we believe is the Catholic church and we got to do something to stop it with the printing press the Bible was being translated and duplicated at unprecedented rates throughout Europe there was a rash of Bible translation and Bible publication and it all came to a screeching halt uh after the King James version of the Bible [Music] virtually all translation stops there was such a flurry from 1526 until 1611. it was so meticulously done by people who believed that God had inspired his word the King James translation would in time be considered the crowning achievement of the Protestant Reformation and would come to symbolize all that the martyrs had suffered for the word of God but because of its association with the reform something the Vatican saw as an act of rebellion against her Authority the King James version would come to be hated by Rome that the fruit of the Reformation that the Jesuits want to destroy above all because until they do that they cannot be sure of getting indeed the entire world and especially England back under the thrall of the potpourri in 1825 the Jesuits meeting in chieri Italy declared their intention to seize control of the Bible as part of their centuries-old plan to bring all the world under the power of Rome if you study the Jesuits in history you discover that they operate more like an intelligence Community like the CIA or MI6 rather than a religious order and they are primarily the supporters of what is called papist or Romanus Doctrine and this is the belief that Rome should govern the whole world it does not necessarily apply to all Catholics because many Catholics don't agree with it but papist Doctrine is essentially the belief that because the pope is the Vicar of Christ and he stands in the place of Christ himself and because Christ is the king of kings therefore the pope should have the authority to Reign Over all the kings and princes on planet Earth and it is this doctrine that led to nearly all the wars of Old Europe [Music] even in the late 19th century Rome's plan for World Dominion was known and documented among English churchmen in 1888 a meeting of the Protestant missions in London warned that the missionary program of the Vatican doubt it who may Embraces the conversion of Britain and the United States of America and through them the subjugation of the whole world foreign to accomplish their aims the Jesuits deemed it necessary to take control of the Bible because the Bible exposes all of the the lies and the false doctrines of the papacy it has always been hated by Rome and they've admitted repeatedly that the teaching of scripture contradicts the teaching the official teaching of the Roman Catholic church and so once you realize that that's the real conflict it's between the authority of the Pope versus the authority of the Bible and at that point the Jesuit doctrines begin to make a lot more sense in modern times the Jesuit view of the Bible was exposed by Dr Ian Paisley the former first minister of Northern Ireland who has spent decades fighting against Rome's influence in his own country we're not responsible for the violence the violence comes from the Roman Catholic Church calling himself a historic Protestant Paisley has continually protested the authority of the Pope both politically and theologically oh turn him I want to say that this weapon after it has consecrated the Church of Rome teaches as the angel body bones blood Returns [Applause] the Lord Jesus Christ offered on the cross one full complete and never to be repeated sacrifice person and he does not condone from heaven but the whim of a bachelor priest [Music] [Applause] in more recent years Paisley spoke openly on European radio exposing a document that reveals the jesuit's view of the Bible versus the authority of the Pope Bishop Wordsworth an evident Church of England divine uncovers the secrecy of the Jesuits in the the exposure of a document used by them in their early days to compel Protestants to submit to Mother Church Roman Catholic confession prescribed and proposed to Protestants on their admission to the Roman Catholic Church we confess that we have been brought from heresy to the first saving Roman Catholic theater by the singular care of our Supreme Governors and by the diligence and need of our masters the fathers of the order of Jesuits and we desire to certify this by our mouths To The World At Large we confess at whatever you think the properties whether it be in scripture or not in scripture and whatever he commands is divine and therefore ought to be held by lay people in Greater estate than the precepts of the Living God we confess that the reading of Holy scripture is the origin of heresy and Schism and the source of blasphemy we confess that Holy scripture is imperfect and a dead letter until it is explained by the Supreme father and Allied by him to be read by the laity we confess and assert that the pope is our Most Holy Father is to be obeyed in all things without any exception and that such Heretics as comfortabena's orders are not only to be burnt but to be delivered body and soul to hell [Music] since the Middle Ages the jesuit's core agenda has had to do with compelling their followers to renounce the authority of the Bible in favor of the authority of the Pope then in the 19th century their movement gained momentum and through their textual critics they insisted that the Bible was a flawed book and they set about trying to prove all the flaws they could to the world thank you and at the same time they officially declared through Vatican Council one that the pope was infallible so their message was clear don't trust the Bible trust the Pope the Bible's a flawed book the pope is infallible and so this brought everything full circle to the conflict that had been raging for hundreds of years throughout the Middle Ages and that's ultimately what they're meeting in Chiari Italy was all about oh the information discussed by Jesuit leaders in chieri was published in 1848 by a former Jesuit initiate named jacobo Leone his book was titled the Jesuit conspiracy the secret plan of the order [Music] in it he claimed to have overheard the plans of Jesuit leaders and was compelled to write down the information and publish it as a warning to the rest of the world Leone wrote specifically of how the Jesuits intended to take control of the Bible allegedly they said then the Bible that serpent which with Heather wrecked and eyes flashing fire threatens us with its venom shall be changed again into a rod as soon as we are able to seize it oh then mysterious Rod we will not again suffer thee to escape from our hands for you know too well that for three centuries passed this cruel ASP has left us no Repose you well know with what folds it entwines us and with what fangs it gnaws us [Music] according to Leone one of the Jesuits openly admitted that the scriptures do not support the Roman Catholic faith speaking of the Bible he said if I may tell you openly what I think of this book it is not at all for us it is against us I do not Wonder at the Invincible obstinacy it engenders in all those who regard its verses as inspired in the Simplicity of Youth I fully expect it on opening the New Testament to find there the authority of a superior Chief in the church the worship of the Virgin the mass Purgatory relics but in every page I found my expectations disappointed at last after having read at least six times over that little book I was forced to acknowledge to myself that it actually sets forth a system of religion altogether different what this Jesuit priest acknowledged all the way back in the 19th century is the same thing that the reformers acknowledged they noticed that the teachings of the Bible and the teachings of the Pope were dramatically different the difference is that the reformers chose to follow the Bible while the Jesuits chose to fight against it on behalf of the traditions and power of the Catholic Church the view of the Jesuits toward the Bible could be likened to that of the ancient Pharisees two thousand years ago who opposed Christ as Jesus said of them full well ye reject the Commandment of God that ye may keep your own tradition and again he said in vain they do worship me teaching for doctrines the Commandments of men [Music] at their meeting in Chiari in 1825 the Jesuits discussed the methods to be used in their ongoing counter-reformation and their plan for the subversion of the Bible they said specifically that a few breaches made in protestantism whether these conversions proceed from genuine motives or whether they be determined by advantageous offers which shall not be spared if the person be worth the trouble we ought by every possible means to secure the aid of modern thinkers if they can be induced to right at all in our favor let us pay them well either in money or in laudation foreign since the Middle Ages have been known for seducing people outside the Catholic Church even members of Protestant churches and making deals with them to help the cause of Rome and this was especially revealed in the 19th century during what was called the Oxford movement in England and it was in the wake of this movement that the Vatican really pushed to try and take control of the Bible and that's why it's so important to understand what the Oxford movement was all about in 1833 the Oxford movement started as perhaps not without significance that we're not only looking at what Rome is doing we have to consider that the Lord himself will being bring judgment on a nation that forsakes him and and forsakes the the word of God the Oxford movement was an attempt effectively to romanize the Church of England and to get the Church of England away from the scriptures from the King James Bible and back to the ritualistic practices of Rome now it was done in a very subtle manner and and it really typified the Jesuit approach of Bishop or Tom which is above all not too much Zeal and it it tried to portray the true position of the Church of England as a sort of a middle of the road organization but at the same time it it did promote uh what it called a high view of the sacraments so that although it professed to be against what it regarded as extreme Protestants so to say bible-believing evangelicals and also what it regarded as extreme romanism say the persecutions of the by Catholicism and so on the Inquisition perhaps nevertheless it sought gradually by publications of what were called tracts for our times to give a favorable view to things like the Roman Mass in 1898 a man named Walter Walsh published a book titled the secret history of the Oxford movement in it he writes about the activities of the Jesuits in England he recorded the testimony of a former Catholic priest who told him in England there are a greater number of Jesuits than in Italy there are Jesuits in all classes of society in Parliament among the English clergy among the Protestant laity even in the higher stations he went on to say I could not comprehend how a Jesuit could be a Protestant or how a Protestant could be a Jesuit but my Confessor silence my Scruples by telling me that Saint Paul became as a Jew that he might save the Jews it was no wonder therefore if a Jesuit should feign himself a Protestant for the conversion of Protestants [Music] within less than 20 years after the Oxford movement another movement began in the world of biblical scholarship that would almost completely transform the understanding of the Bible this transformation would be affected by men who were of the Protestant profession but strangely worked in cooperation with Rome [Music] thank you [Music] prior to the 19th century Protestant Scholars depended on a collection of Greek manuscripts that had come into Europe after the fall of Constantinople in 1453 collectively these manuscripts would form the foundation of the New Testament Greek used by the reformers by men like William Tyndale Martin Luther the Geneva Bible translators and the translation team for the King James version of 1611. these Greek manuscripts were collated first by Erasmus of Rotterdam Erasmus would lay the foundation for the traditional text and further the belief that the scripture should be read by all people translate to to French to English to German at this time because it was very important for resumes that everybody can read the the Bible in his own speaking he produced five editions of his translation in 5016 50 19 50 22 15 29 a 15 35. for the first edition all the Edition was published in Basel the arrest was 1522 it was really revolutionary because here we have in this column and just the beautiful artwork but in this column you have the Greek and what Erasmus did that really blew people out of the water most people could not read Greek back then but many of them could read Latin the scholars could read Latin he took the Greek and he translated it into Latin and so many people had their eyes open because they started reading erasmus's new translation of the Latin from the Greek and they found out that it was completely different than what they had in the Latin Vulgate of the Roman Catholic church and you'll see here MD XXII that is 15 22. and so this is erasmus's second or third edition this is Erasmus says Third Edition uh it is the foundation for Texas receptus then we come to Luke again the Latin and the Greek at Erasmus had translated we can go all the way back to the apocalypse so this is this is the Acts of the Apostles right here but it of course goes all the way through Page after page after page there we go the apocalypse revelation the work begun by Erasmus would be later continued by Robert stefanus whose 1550 Greek Edition would be used for the Geneva Bible in time his work would be furthered by the famed calvinist scholar Theodore Biza Beezus 1598 Greek New Testament was chiefly used for the King James version of 1611. but it would be some years later that the elves of her brothers in Holland would publish the work even further and give the reformers Greek its official name in the introduction of their 1633 Edition they wrote what you have here is the text which is now received by all in which we give nothing changed or corrupted hence the Greek of the Protestant Reformation would become known as Texas receptus the received text so that becomes the standard Greek for Protestant Scholars and remain so for nearly 300 years but in the 19th century a German scholar named Constantine Von tischendorf would publish what would become known as the most ancient biblical manuscript ever recovered his Discovery would turn the world of Bible scholarship upside down convincing many that his manuscript was a lost version of the Bible you have to go back before that with German higher criticism and they developed a theory called the recension theory and in this recession Theory they they say that the Bible Bible was lost their Ascension theory was introduced by a man named Johann semler in the 18th century one of his disciples Jacob griesbach would popularize his theory among German intellectuals foreign held to unorthodox views of Christianity to say the least semler is known as the father of German rationalism and he clearly influenced griezbach rationalism in Germany is very much like the enlightenment in France where they rejected the idea of the Divinity of Christ because they rejected the supernatural elements of the Bible the Virgin birth Christ being raised from the dead him ascending into heaven and so on all of that to them in France it was unreasonable because of the reason movement well in Germany it was irrational hence the term rationalism so they believed it was irrational to believe those things so they rejected them and this was the view of both semler and griezbach so similar in griezbach were two men who essentially rejected the gospel and the rationalism that they were known for took hold in Germany and Germany then became the epicenter for higher criticism against the Bible foreign the concentration of activity in Germany is believed to have been the working of the Jesuits whose aim was to destroy the confidence of Protestants in the inerrancy of scripture [Music] this was acknowledged by Dr Ian Paisley who had this to say about the ongoing War waged by Rome and the Jesuits against the Bible and it's not the word of man it's the word of God now of course Rome used to burn the Bible she used to burn the people that translated them she used to burn the people that read them but that didn't succeed so she decided up on another Escape then she would please her Jesuit priests in the trimming of protestant ministers and so in to the universities of Germany Rome set at work the whole structure of unbelieving higher criticism and she had in the universities man who sought to this Roy belief in the Bible and we became cursed with what was known as higher criticism and young man at their theater the Bible destroyed the negative adversities and in the thrilling colleges and for the man that came out to be our DM didn't believable they didn't believe the Creeds of the church they didn't believe in their story Christianity and they accept to work to destroy the faith with that Spirit of of textual criticism and non-belief in the inspiration of the word of God looking at the Bible just like any other book Scholars and even quote Christian Scholars began to follow that line textual criticism in the proper sense is not necessarily A Bad Thing textual criticism is a word that is used to assess the value of one Greek manuscript over another that's what it is it's criticism bringing the manuscripts together and then showing which is the one to go with which is no one not to go with the practice of textual criticism began in the Middle Ages and grew out of the conflicts between Rome and the Protestant Reformation it is most often traced to a 17th century scholar named Richard Simon he's the one who is alleged to have really begun this this whole process uh he's called the father of textual criticism he was a French Roman Catholic priest in the world today textual criticism can mean several different things depending on who's using that term and how it's being applied you have textual criticism in the ordinary sense which is simply a process of going through ancient manuscripts collating them and trying to remove any errors and trying to figure out what the original text was and what it should be then you have what is known as higher criticism which is where you give a historical analysis of the manuscripts and then you begin to question whether or not Moses could have really written the Book of Genesis or whether Peter could have written the Epistles ascribed to him and you begin to question the authorship and the and the historical nature of the Bible and this was the process that is usually traced to Richard Simon Simon entered the priesthood in 1670. he was initially educated by Jesuit priests and then later at the sorbonne in Paris he would go on to enter the congregation of the oratory the purpose of the oratory was said to be to interpose a barrier to The Continuous and disquieting progress of protestantism all of the orders that Simon was involved with whether the Jesuits or the sorbonne in Paris and then the oratory they were all involved in variant forms of the counter-reformation they were all looking for different ways to try and overthrow the Protestant movement [Music] [Applause] yet Simon's Focus was Guided by the Jesuits from the beginning it was they who lay the foundation for Simon's work through one of their original members Alfonso salmaran who had joined with Ignatius Loyola in 1534. we read that salmaran paved the way for Richard Simon the Jesuits introduced into Catholic reading of the Bible the parameters of time place context and semantic structures the idea of applying principles of time and context don't necessarily sound like a bad thing until you realize how they were being used as weapons to try and undermine the Bible one example was a book that was written by another Roman Catholic named Isaac La pereiri during the same era and he had written a book called men before Adam in 1655 in which he argued that supposedly a new information scientific data that had come to light from Greenland and China and so on proved that men lived on the earth as far back as 50 000 BC thus throwing into Jeopardy the traditional date for creation in Genesis which goes back to about 4000 BC we read that La pereiri deployed the hypothesis of men before Adam in order to attack the calvinist method of interpreting scripture according to the literal sense and so the idea of higher criticism which grew out of this movement and is also called historic criticism the idea behind it is to arrange certain dates in history around the Bible in such a way to make it appear that the Bible is not a historically accurate book and therefore cannot possibly be the inspired inerrant word of God that's the whole point of it La Prairie's work would have a powerful influence over Richard Simon who would further the assault against reformed teaching we read that Simon sharpened historical criticism into a weapon that could be used in the attack on protestantism's most fundamental error the doctrine of Sola scriptura Sola scriptura was one of the mottos of the reformation and it means only the scripture and it's the idea that the Christian faith should be based on the teachings of the Bible alone without any interference with the doctrines or teachings of men and it's in contrast to the Roman Catholic teaching which says that church tradition should govern the understanding of the Bible even if the two disagree [Music] in defense of his Catholic faith Richard Simon wrote that the great changes that have taken place in the manuscripts of the Bible since the first Originals were lost completely destroy the principle of the Protestants if tradition is not joined to scripture there is hardly anything in religion that one can confidently affirm [Music] but the Bible says of itself that the scriptures alone are sufficient for the spiritual needs of all believers the Apostle Paul wrote that all scripture is given by inspiration of God and is profitable for Doctrine for reproof for correction for instruction in righteousness that the man of God may be perfect thoroughly furnished unto all good works [Music] furthermore God promises that he will preserve his words eternally and that they cannot be lost the psalmist writes Thy word is true from the beginning and every one of thy righteous judgments endureth forever Jesus said the scriptures cannot be broken and Heaven and Earth shall pass away but my words shall not pass away for All Flesh is grass and all the glory of man as the flower of the grass the grass withereth and the flower thereof falleth away but the word of the Lord endureth forever [Music] ways you can Define the conflict between Catholicism and protestantism as a conflict between the authority of the Pope versus the authority of the Bible and this is the whole reason why the Bible came to be known as the paper pope of protestantism that was the name given to it by the Catholics and these arguments against the Bible were especially active in the 19th century during the same era that Constantine Von tischendorf went searching for his ancient texts the hostility of Catholics toward the Protestant Bible was written of by 19th century historian John Dowling in his book the burning of the Bibles where he documented how Catholics in Champlain New York were burning Bibles in America back in 1843. [Music] the beliefs of Catholics during the 19th and early 20th century can be shown by the teaching of cardinal James Gibbons pictured here with President Theodore Roosevelt Gibbons was the Archbishop of Baltimore and in his book Faith of Our Fathers he wrote now the scriptures alone do not contain all the truths which a Christian is bound to believe because they do not contain all the truths necessary for salvation foreign [Music] a similar view had been espoused in England by Cardinal John Henry Newman perhaps the leading Catholic apologist of the 19th century speaking of the Bible he said surely the sacred volume was never intended to teach us our Creed and from the first it has been the error of Heretics to attempt of themselves a work to which they are unequal the eliciting of a systematic Doctrine from the scattered notices of Truth which scripture contains essentially what Newman is saying is that the error of the Heretics so-called was that they followed the example of the ancient bereans who searched the Scriptures Daily to test the things that they were hearing and this is something that the Church of Rome has always discouraged one of Newman's contemporaries was a renowned priest named Thomas Edward Bridget who said that true Faith was a surrender of the mind to a living Authority known to be divine not a puzzle over documents with doubt about correct interpretation even the modern Catholic encyclopedia openly declares that the supremacy of the Bible as source of faith is unhistorical illogical fatal to the virtue of faith and destructive of unity so we see that Rome's view of the Bible has not changed in a thousand years the reformers in their day were trying to recover the ancient scripture in such a way that they could have a full understanding of the word of God but in contrast the Church of Rome went about looking for weaknesses in the text so that the Protestant doctrine of solo scriptura could be overthrown that's the difference they were losing people very rapidly because of the text that was preserved by the priesthood of believers because they were losing people from the Roman Catholic sea from their Authority they had to do something to counter that influence but while they were fighting against Sola scriptura they were at the same time arguing in defense of the Latin Vulgate which had been declared by the Council of Trent to be the only true authoritative scripture [Music] and they also condemned Luther's conclusion that Jerome's Vulgate was a corrupt Bible which we know it is and they further condemned Luther's conclusion that to produce a pure Bible either in German or English or any other language you did have to go back to what today we would call the traditional text that is for example the Greek text of the new testament which is found in the vast majority of surviving Greek manuscripts in their introduction to the douay rheem's Bible the Jesuit Scholars wrote we see that by all means the old Vulgar Latin translation is approved good and better than the Greek text itself and that there is no cause why it should give place to any other text copies or readings 16th century Anglican scholar William Whitaker said that the papists contend that their Latin text is authentic of itself and ought not to be Tried by the text of The Originals meanwhile Protestant scholar Francis turton summed up the debate this way he said the question is whether the original text in Hebrew or in Greek has been so corrupted either by the carelessness of copyists or by the malice of the Jews and Heretics that it can no longer be held as the judge by which all versions are to be judged the Roman Catholics affirm this we deny it so Rome's position according to turitan was that the Greek and the Hebrew manuscripts had been so corrupted over time that they could not be trusted and therefore you shouldn't use those manuscripts to correct the Latin Vulgate which is what Erasmus had done back right before the Reformation began and that was their main issue we also read that in the preface of the douay Roman Catholics contended that the Latin Vulgate was translated from the Hebrew and Greek texts when they were more pure therefore many contended that the Vulgate version was dictated by the Holy Spirit was consequently of divine Authority and more to be regarded than even the original Hebrew and Greek texts hence the Jesuit Scholars at grams concluded that the Latin Vulgate is not only better than all other Latin translations but then the Greek text itself in those places where they disagree [Music] foreign arguments against solo scriptura were operating on two fronts the first part was to discredit the Greek and the Hebrew manuscripts as being so full of Corruptions and errors that they could not be trusted thus proving that the Latin Vulgate alone is the superior text and step two to argue that because the Bible is so difficult to interpret it is necessary to rely on Church tradition and the infallible teachings of the Pope me so this is the academic environment that had developed for several hundred years before tischendorf shows up in 1844. now tischendorf had embraced the rescension theory this idea that the Bible was lost and needed to be found then you add to that you had Catholic Scholars like Cardinal Wiseman who argued that the truest representation of the Bible would be found in the Latin Vulgate and all of these elements came together in the 19th century and this is what inspired tischendorf to take his famous Journey [Music] tischendorf's efforts were clearly aimed against the traditional Greek text in 1866 he would write that we have at last Hit Upon A Better plan which is to set aside this textus receptus altogether and to construct a fresh text the Curious Thing about that quote is that when tischendorf says we have hit Upon A Better plan who does he mean by we it sounds as though he was working with somebody else but he doesn't exactly say who [Music] for years prior to his journey tischendorf had been influenced by a prominent Catholic scholar named Nicholas Cardinal Wiseman Cardinal Wiseman developed a theory that old Latin texts had been developed in North Africa by the second century wise men's assertion seems to have been an attempt to try and prove that the Latin Vulgate was closer to the original manuscripts than any known Greek manuscript of that time and it was this theory that made tischendorf partial to the Latin Vulgate we read that in 1842 while at Paris tischendorf prepared an addition of the New Testament intended for the use of Catholics giving the Latin Vulgate and a Greek text rendered as far as possible conformable to it in parallel columns thank you so what tischendorf did is he developed a Greek manuscript that would conform to the Latin Vulgate he essentially reversed the work of Erasmus of Rotterdam from 300 years earlier remember Erasmus had collated the Greek manuscripts and then published the first ever Parallel Bible where the Greek in one column and the Latin and the other and he used the Greek to correct the errors in the Latin well now hundreds of years later tischendorf reverses the process he does a parallel Bible but he does it the other way he uses the Latin to correct the Greek and he did this work for the Catholic Archbishop of Paris Archbishop afre and so it shows his relationship with a Catholic Church at this time it's also worth mentioning that one of tischendorf's critics said that tischendorf only understood Greek through Latin [Music] tischendorf would make his great discovery in 1844 when he arrived at Saint Catherine's Monastery at the base of what is called Mount Sinai in Egypt but before he arrived he took a journey to Rome and was received at the Vatican in his Memoirs tischendorf wrote I hear Passover in Silence the interesting details of my travels my audience with the Pope Gregory the 16th in May 1843. my intercourse with Cardinal mezzo fonte that's surprising and celebrated linguist mezofante was famous for his ability to speak more than 50 languages fluently tischendorf wrote that mezzo fonte honored me with some Greek verses composed in my praise [Music] tischendorf was well favored by Rome which is odd considering his status as a Protestant scholar I can never quite figure that out why a Protestant scholar or one who claimed to be a Protestant scholar wood be meeting with with the Pope over the situation uh there's a lot of unanswered questions [Music] and not just anybody goes to meet in a private audience with a pope it's like going to meet the president or a prime minister or someone of that position and then we have this famous Catholic Cardinal mezzo fonte writing him a poem in Greek to praise him as this great scholar and so on it's all very strange but tischendorf was welcomed into Rome by some of the leading Catholic authorities of that time in fact in his Memoirs he reveals that it was Archbishop Alfrey of Paris for whom he had prepared The Parallel Bible that gave him his recommendation to the Vatican and then he was received by Pope Gregory tischendorf wrote Gregory the 16th after a prolonged audience granted to me took an Ardent interest in my undertaking Pope Gregory's interest in tischendorf is curious especially when you consider that it was the same Pope Gregory that openly condemned the Protestant Bible societies of that time foreign forty three American author John Dowling wrote that the present Pope Gregory XVI and his predecessor Pope Leo XII denounced all Bible societies declaring that by the Bibles they distributed they converted the gospel of Christ into a human gospel or what is still worse the gospel of the devil in his encyclical against the Bible societies Pope Gregory wrote we have taken great pains to remind the faithful of the ancient laws concerning vernacular translations of the scriptures the Pope's wording is suspicious because it was the ancient laws of the Roman Church that had Bible Believers burned at the stake for reading or handling the word of God but could this have been what Pope Gregory was referring to in his writing several years after tischendorf's private audience and the Vatican it was discovered that the Inquisition had continued underground in the ancient city Charles Spurgeon known to Millions as the prince of preachers documented the manner of torture that had been reported once the papal dungeons were revealed from spurgeon's publication The Sword and the trowel we read that they invented ovens or furnaces which being made red hot they lowered The Condemned into them bound hand and foot and immediately closed over them the mouth of the Furnace this barbarous punishment was substituted for the burning pile and in 1849 these furnaces at Rome were laid open to the public view in the dungeons of the Holy Roman Inquisition near the great Church of the Vatican still containing the cow signed bones what's disturbing is that these things were revealed in 1849 just six years after tischendorf visited the Pope and it was only revealed because the great General Garibaldi and his revolutionaries captured Rome that year and opened the papal dungeons but then you have a quote from WC Brownlee that was published in 1843 the same year tischendorf was at the Vatican and Brownlee says the Inquisition The Infernal Inquisition he says even at this day is in full operation in Rome under the patronage of Pope Gregory the 16th the same Pope that Constantine Von tischendorf met with so while tischendorf was in Rome with his Cardinal writing him poetry to praise him and so on there were people some of them quite probably Christians who were still being tortured for heresy in the underground Inquisition nearby and they were being roasted alive in these ovens right next door to the Vatican yes the Inquisition actually not just in Italy but in other places went well into the 1800s discoveries of the Inquisition during this era were also exposed by Dr H Gratton Guinness in the convent of Santo Domingo Mexico in 1861. [Music] he published these photographs of the remains of victims who had been walled up and buried alive [Music] the expressions of their torment still recorded in their countenance [Music] Charles Spurgeon wrote that the Inquisition was the Masterpiece of infernal craft and Malice there is a deep and indelible sentence of damnation written upon the apostate church for its more than infernal cruelties and the curse is registered in heaven nor can any pretenses to present liberality reverse the condemnation it's infamy is engraven in the rock forever a Rome did many many many evil and hateful things yet somehow during this era the Protestant tischendorf was not only accepted by Rome but received special treatment from the Vatican and her priests foreign cooperation with the Vatican was a dramatic departure from the resistance maintained by other Protestant Ministers of that era Gratton Guinness called Rome the Masterpiece of Satan and maintained that she had never repented of her crimes in 1873 Charles Spurgeon wrote that the Superstition of Rome is the worst of all the evils which have befallen our race May the Lord arise and sweep it down to the hell from whence it arose Spurgeon was so convicted against the papacy that he once declared potpourri is abhorred of the Lord and they who help it wear the mark of the beast [Music] yet in Rome tischendorf was not only welcomed by the pope but by two of the leading Cardinals of that time the first was the well-known linguist mezzo fonte while the other was a Jesuit named Cardinal Angelo Mai during the 19th century Mai was the Cardinal librarian for the Vatican Library and was credited with recovering many ancient manuscripts that pertained to church history it was said that there is not a single Century of the Christian era from the second to the 17th from which he is not produced important and previously unknown works he had transcribed all with his own hand entirely by himself this quote about the Jesuit Cardinal my is very interesting because it shows us the nature of the times and so you've got Cardinal Mai there who very much like tischendor tischendorf is out journeying trying to gather all of these ancient manuscripts at the same time Cardinal Mai is going through old Vatican records and he's producing all of these works that nobody had ever seen before that have to do with the history of the church now what's disturbing about this is that the collective efforts of both Cardinal my and tischendorf would end up dramatically changing the academic world's view of the Bible from that time forward during the same time that tischendorf was discovering the first manuscript that would change everyone's perception about the Greek text Cardinal Mai was in Rome working on the other manuscript that would accomplish the same thing and and that was the vatican's version of the Bible a codex vaticanus which today is is considered Supreme over all of the other Greek biblical manuscripts anywhere in the world what we have here is uh the Vatican manuscript also called codex B but I haven't opened to a very important section and you can see the Vatican seal here this is an exact facsimile but before vaticanus would emerge to dominate the world of biblical scholarship the travels of Constantine Von tischendorf would yield the fruit of his great ambition in his Memoirs he wrote it was in April 1844 that I embarked at Leghorn for Egypt the desire which I felt to discover some precious remains of any manuscripts more especially biblical of a date which would carry us back to the Early times of Christianity was realized beyond my expectations it was at the foot of Mount Sinai in the convent of Saint Catherine that I discovered the pearl of all my researches [Music] tischendorf tells of how he discovered this manuscript in a trash basket inside the convent the monks had been using its Pages as fuel for the fire he wrote I perceived in the middle of the Great Hall a large and wide basket full of old parchments and the librarian told me that two heaps of papers like this had been already committed to the flames what was my surprise to find amid this heap of papers a considerable number of sheets of a copy of the Old Testament in Greek which seemed to me to be one of the most ancient that I had ever seen uh he's visiting the monastery in 1844. and he's under the patronage of sponsorship of Frederick Augustus king of Saxony and while he's there he discovers an old manuscript in a rubbish basket and they were basically using it as Tinder to start to start fires [Music] according to his own testimony once he recognized the manuscript for its ancient value tischendorf responded quickly and was able to rescue many of the pages from being burned he wrote the authorities of the convent allowed me to possess myself of a third of these parchments as they were destined for the fire but I could not get them to yield up possession of the remainder the two Lively satisfaction which I had displayed had aroused their suspicions as to the value of this manuscript in total tischendorf recovered some 43 pages when he returned from his journey he chose to publish the pages but secretly he wrote I did not divulge the name of the place where I had found it in the hopes of returning and recovering the rest of the manuscript [Music] so tischendorf published his Old Testament portion of the Sinai codex but he continued to believe that the New Testament portion of the manuscript was probably still somewhere inside Saint Catherine's Monastery then he says he returned again in 1853 and didn't find anything so he finally goes back in 1859 he's able to get while the remainder it was during tischendorf's third journey to St Catherine's Monastery in 1859 that he made his most famous discovery tischendorf says that he was taking a walk with the steward of the convent and that they returned to his room at some point well they were talking about the Septuagint and he says I too have read a Septuagint meaning a Greek version of the Old Testament so then he pulls out this bulky manuscript that was supposedly wrapped in red cloth and he shows it to tischendorf tischendorf wrote I unrolled the cover and discovered to my great surprise not only those very fragments which 15 years before I had taken out of the basket but also other parts of the Old Testament and the New Testament complete I knew that I held in my hand the most precious biblical treasure in existence a document whose age and importance exceeded that of all the manuscripts which I had ever examined during 20 years of study on the subject tischendorf would transcribe and eventually publish the manuscript under the name codex sinaiticus in relationship to the sinaiticus manuscript it's republished by cursive Blake in the 1800s in the Old Testament portion you can see what appears to be even burn marks on on some of the leaves that were recovered that almost looks like he pulled that right out of the Fire doesn't it yeah it does see here's so this certainly confirms his story or it seems to [Music] that they were throwing these pages into flames yeah well they were using it to like we use newspaper to start a fire this was old it was brittle so made made good to start a fire there and the cool mornings and evenings at the monastery [Applause] [Music] [Applause] I'm very thankful and grateful for this wonderful privilege once sinaiticus was fully published tischendorf became a world famous scholar practically overnight nearly all the courts of Europe showered honors and distinctions on him for his great discovery so much so said his son-in-law that they could not all fit on one man's chest Oxford and Cambridge universities honored him with their highest degrees in the midst of all this a copy of sinaiticus was sent to the pope who wrote tischendorf an autographed letter congratulating him tischendorf even mentioned how an old man of distinguished learning had said I would rather have discovered this senatic manuscript than the Kohinoor of the Queen of England the Kohinoor was the famed Diamond of India that was in possession of the English throne and it's interesting because that's exactly how tischendorf described his manuscript as a diamond he says in his possession and for him it was because of the Codex sinaiticus Constantine Von tischendorf would go on to become one of the most famous men of the academic world and perhaps the most celebrated paleographer of all time and it's an interesting contrast on the one hand you've got the reformers who are being persecuted and killed by the Church of Rome because of their faith in the word of God while on the other hand you've got tischendorf who's being lauded by the pope and celebrated like a prince upon the Earth for his discovery foreign the scripture says concerning the great Harlot mystery Babylon that by thy sorceries where all nations deceived foreign as part of their counter-reformation the Jesuits created many fraudulent and forged documents when they could not persuade others by ordinary means they would literally create historic evidence to support their claims sometimes they dug up old bones pretending that they belonged to some saint [Music] and sometimes they created fake documents thank you 19th century British historian Thomas Carlisle said that jesuitism has poisoned the Wellsprings of Truth in the whole world yet long before the Jesuit order was formed Rome herself had an ancient practice of Fraud and deception what was the purpose of creating all these forgeries well I think it was the uh enabling the the Pope the claims to the papal claims to having absolute power uh anything that could buttress those claims and that's why they came in perhaps the most famous forgery in Rome's long history was the Donation of Constantine a document alleging that the emperor Constantine the Great gave all the lands of the Western Roman Empire to the pope as the vicar of the son of God the Donation of Constantine according to Renaissance Scholars who first began to expose some of these documents lorenzavalo for example tells us that that document could not have been written in the fourth century today it is agreed by Catholic and Protestant Scholars alike that the donation was a forgery most likely created between the 8th and 9th Century A.D developed alongside the donation were the decretals of Isidore also known as the false decreedals this elaborate forgery involved a series of letters from early figures in church history from Clement in the first century to Gregory the Great in the 6th and 7th century the letters filled more than 700 pages and were cleverly interwoven with Real historic documents to give them credibility the Diabolical Genius of the false decretals is that it was truth mixed with lies and it was very elaborately done if you're going to the 11th century when you have gration and his compilation of the canons you'll discover that in support of papal power out of something like 330 quotations 313 of those sources of authority come from those false distorted documents the Jesuits held them back and but they finally came to view that many of these documents were forgeries and they were forged specifically to give Rome power and so that they would be looked upon as the true church and as the seat of the papacy and that this was what the church had written about and what the church supported when in fact they were all forged the decretals of Isidore became the Cornerstone of canon law during the Middle Ages they would be used to deceive the church for more than 600 years until they were finally exposed by calvinist scholar David Blondell in 1628 but the false decreedals and the Donation of Constantine are said to be just two of the countless forgeries created by Rome they're all basically the same they're the same as the dictatas papay of Gregory the seventh in which they are claims made about papal power Pope Gregory VII was perhaps the most notorious forger ever admitted to by Catholic historians in the 11th century he drafted his dictatus or list of papal privileges among his 27 points he declared the following the pope can be judged by no one on earth the Roman Church has never aired nor can it air until the end of time the pope alone can Dethrone Emperors and kings and absolve their subjects from Allegiance and all princes are obliged to kiss his feet [Music] to support these ideas Gregory relied upon the forged documents of the past but chose to go even farther and create his own history for the church and the world [Music] in the book Vickers of Christ former Jesuit priest Peter DeRosa writes of Pope Gregory VII and his school of forgers he says for seven centuries the Greeks had called Rome the home of forgeries whenever they tried talking with Rome the popes brought out forged documents which the Greeks naturally had never seen DeRosa says Gregory went Way Beyond the Donation of Constantine he had a whole school of forgers under his very nose turning out document after document with the papal seal of approval to cater for his every need [Music] Pope Gregory might require justification for some action against a prince or Bishop very well these prelates literally produced the appropriate document no need for research it was all done on the premises many earlier documents were touched up to make them say the opposite of what they said originally some of these earlier documents were themselves forgeries this instant method of inventing history was marvelously successful especially as the forgeries were at once inserted into canon law thus was accomplished the quietest and longest lasting of all revolutions it was all done on paper they propagated deceptions early on and I believe those deceptions continue right up into the 20th century evidence that Rome continued her forgeries into modern times can be shown in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in 1873 Charles Spurgeon documented how The Relic Department of the Vatican had been exposed for manufacturing false relics and presenting them as the bones of various Saints of old we read that so far back as 1828 this trade was going on with pieces of bones of sheep and hares or of human bones taken from the catacombs but such as were probably those of pagans certainly not of saints and martyrs whose names they affixed to them Spurgeon went on to say that the Jesuits play a prominent part in these transactions as they do in most Catholic affairs foreign then in the 20th century it appears that Jesuit deception played a role in the 1912 discovery of the piltdown man which was declared to be the missing link that would prove Darwin's theory of evolution but 40 years after its Discovery piltdown was proven to be a hoax the chief culprit in the deception was said to be Charles Dawson an amateur British archaeologist who sought Fame and Glory yet Dawson did not work alone his helper was a Jesuit priest named tayar de Chardon [Music] in 1980 Harvard Professor Stephen J Gould would publish his belief that tayar himself was a co-conspirator with Dawson who helped him create the pilt down hoax yet another Jesuit trained priest named George lemaitre would further these ideas and develop the Big Bang Theory in 1931. it might be said that no Doctrine has been more devastating to Faith in the Bible than Darwin's theory of evolution but was it only coincidence that Charles Darwin himself published origin of the species in 1859 the same year that tischendorf discovered codex sinaiticus just as La Prairie's theory about men before Adam worked together with Richard Simon's historic criticism so Darwin's theory of evolution would work alongside codex sinaiticus to destroy the faith of countless millions in the scripture as the inspired and inerrant word of God [Music] it's important to consider that from the period of 1828 to 1912 it can be shown that the Vatican and her Jesuit priests were involved in fakery and forgery this is significant because this time frame includes the same period that tischendorf was working with Rome [Music] foreign revealed his codex an Atticus he was hailed as a great scholar and greeted with laudation across Europe but shortly after the work was published it was challenged by a prominent expert in paleography his name was Constantine simonides Constantine simonides is undoubtedly the Forgotten Link in the history of codex anaticus and it's because he waged an open and a public debate against tischendorf for about four years arguing that codex sinaiticus was not an ancient manuscript and the more you study simonides you realize that he was a very important figure at that time Alexander Von humble declared that simonides was an enigma others believed his understanding of ancient languages to be ingenious a 19th century publication said of him Dr simonides is a Greek by birth and he speaks and writes the classic language of his forefathers with fluency Purity and elegance from his uncle simonides thoroughly acquired the art of paleography and became so great a proficient therein that few surpass him either in the practice of it or in the diagnosis of manuscripts simonides had quite a reputation in the 19th century on the one hand he was a respected paleographer but on the other hand he had kind of a cloak and dagger history and was looked upon as sort of a Greek Indiana Jones involved not only with ancient manuscripts but also fighting battles as a Greek Patriot against the ottoman Turkish Empire which is an important part of understanding who he was come my brothers we shallow things the blood of our fathers on this Turkish Invader let us be strong in our weakness and with God's help we shall prevail one of the newspapers of the time reported that the escapades of Mr simonides extend over nearly 20 years in Alexandria he contrived to quarrel with some Arabs pistol two of them received some ugly wounds on the head and face from a third in Macedonia his native country he succeeded in getting up a little Insurrection among his countrymen who joined him in the leadership of the Patriot bands he fell in a Detachment of Turkish soldiers drove them into a river and destroyed some 150 of them these are the kinds of stories recorded about simonides as a Greek patriot who was still fighting against the Turks in a conflict that dated all the way back to the fall of Constantinople in 1453 when the Turks invaded the ancient capital of the Greek Orthodox Empire in the 19th century the Greeks remembered Constantinople as if it had just happened the day before [Music] samanides was apparently involved in continued battles with the Turks and controversies against the latinizers or Roman Catholics as he called them because both the Turks and the Catholic church had fought against the Greek Orthodox Kingdom and so for simonides the Turks and the Catholics were both ancient enemies and this conflict with Rome in particular would have everything to do with his controversy against tischendorf [Music] and then as a scholar simonides was equally in the thick of debates about ancient manuscripts he had presented his work before Kings Nobles foreign ministers diplomats he'd sold a number of manuscripts to the British Museum and other prominent institutions in Europe so he was involved in the highest levels of the academic world at that time simonides owned a collection of more than 5 000 ancient manuscripts that he had partly inherited from his uncle as he traveled across Europe he presented these works at libraries and universities their content often sparked intense debate simonides debates usually centered around the understanding of ancient languages and he generally believed that his own knowledge was Superior to those around him although he did not have a reputation for arrogance but while he was in Germany he got into a vicious conflict with the scholars at the University of Leipzig and it was there in 1855 that he made enemies with Von tischendorf so now years later when he comes forward and questions codex sinaiticus he does so as tischendorf's old nemesis simonides claim that codex sinaiticus was no ancient manuscript at all but a modern work created by himself and two other Greeks in 1840. while tischendorf was in the midst of enjoying his Fame the story of simonides began to be published in the London newspapers needless to say tischendorf was Furious What followed would be a public debate that would continue in a variety of London newspapers for the next two years in July of 1861 a publication called the literary Gazette reported that we understand that in literary circles a rumor prevails that the manuscript now publishing by the Russian government under the direction of Mr tischendorf purporting to be a manuscript Bible of the 4th century is not an ancient manuscript but is an entirely modern production written by a gentleman now alive who will shortly take measures to establish his claim to the authorship the manuscript is known as the Codex sinaiticus and has attracted a large amount of attention throughout Europe should the rumor prove to be correct as we believe it will the disclosures that will follow must be of the greatest interest to archeology [Music] foreign [Music] simonides says that the controversy began over codex and Atticus when he first saw the manuscript in Liverpool in 1860 and then it was the following year that the newspapers got hold of the story so this story at first appears in 1861 but simonides did not publish his side of the story until 1862 and the only reason he did so is because he was drawn in to the conflict by two of The prominent Scholars at that time the two scholars in question were Samuel P tragelis and Fenton John Anthony hort ealous and Hort believe sinaiticus to be real and took sides against simonides almost immediately tragelis wrote that the story of simonides was as false and absurd as possible in response simonides defended his argument as published in the Guardian newspaper in September of 1862 where he said when about two years ago I saw the first facsimiles of tischendorf which were put into my hand at Liverpool by Mr Newton a friend of Dr trajelis I at once recognized my own work as I immediately told him in the book codex sinaiticus and the simonides affair author J.K Elliott confirms that simonides spoke of his authorship to a man named J.E Hodgkin in 1860 and in a letter to Sir Thomas Phillips on August 2nd 1861. simonides claim that the manuscript had not been created with any intention to deceive but was intended by himself and his uncle as a gift to Tsar Nicholas the first of Russia to prove his claims simonides challenged tischendorf to a public debate yet tischendorf refused to take part about this simonides wrote the real test of the genuineness of the Codex an Atticus is neglected the public were assured that in May tischendorf was to be in London armed with a portion at least of his great codex I have waited in England hoping to have the opportunity of meeting him face to face to prove him in error but may has come and gone and the discoverer has not appeared let the favorers of the Antiquity of the manuscript persuade him to come at once and brave the ordeal or else forever hold his peace foreign yet despite the evasiveness of tischendorf most of the newspapers in England defended him and announced simonides as a fraud the attacks were almost fanatical and often unreasonable [Music] tischendorf's relationship with Rome have had something to do with it [Music] during the same era Protestant historian J.A Wiley wrote about the jesuit's influence in English media in his book on the jesuit's morals maxims and plots he said that there are two institutions in a special to which the Jesuits will lay Siege these are the press and the pulpit the Press of Great Britain is already manipulated by them to an extent of which the public but little dream the whole English press of the world is supervised and the word is passed round how writers speakers and causes are to be handled and Applause or condemnation dealt out just as it may occurred with the interests and wishes of Rome foreign [Music] yet simonides was not without his supporters another paper called the literary Churchman question the Antiquity of codex an Atticus and argued that simonides should be heard they said for ourselves we must profess entire impartiality though we were quite ready from the first to admit the importance of the discovery of tischendorf we are not prepared at this moment to say with Dr trajelis that the statements of simonides are as false and absurd as possible tischendorf applies these terms false and absurd just now to Trellis himself the reason tischendorf attacked for jealous was because he disagreed with him about the writing of Kodak sinaiticus trigella said on one point I believe that I differ materially from tischendorf as to the writing of the manuscript he thinks that he sees traces of various hands having been employed in such a way that a change of writer must have frequently taken place I believe that the difference is to be attributed to the Scribe having more or less ink in his style the ink being more or less thick and the surface of the Vellum slightly varying in other words the Scribe dips his stylus into an Inkwell and when he first begins to write there's a lot of Ink on it but sooner or later the ink runs thin in places where the ink ran thin tischendorf believed that this signified a change of writers and hence the passage of time trijalis on the other hand believed that it was the same scribe it's just that he sometimes ran low on ink that was the difference but when you factor in that tischendorf spreads his scribes and correctors from the 4th Century all the way to the 7th Century a span of some 300 years you're left wondering just how precise the scientific methods were that they employed also consider that similar contentions are made about ancient bones that are dug up out of the ground where the scientists tell us that these are millions of years old and so forth do they really have the ability to date bones that way and did tischendorf really have the ability to date ancient manuscripts after the initial attacks against him began simonides asserted that these scholars in reality knew little or nothing about ancient manuscripts in response to one of his critics he wrote neither you nor tischendorf possess the true knowledge of paleographical science you have only learned to say it random this is genuine and this is spurious but you do not know the reason this comment might be brushed aside but for the often repeated testimony that simonides exceeded his contemporaries in the expertise of manuscript evidence James Farrar in his 1907 book on literary forgeries wrote that tischendorf was only the senior of simonides by five years and in the science of paleography had neither his knowledge nor his experience foreign whose testimony was chiefly regarded was Henry Bradshaw keeper of manuscripts at the Cambridge University Library Bradshaw sided with tischendorf and once this was known he was confronted in person by simonides in a letter describing the encounter Bradshaw wrote Dr simonides wrote to me to convince me and my friends that it was quite possible for him to have written the volume in question he had invited some of us to Christ College to discuss matters fairly he could speak and understand English pretty well but his friend was with him to interpret and explain they really seemed to believe that all people in the west were as ignorant of Greek as the Greeks are of Latin [Music] but the great question was how do you satisfy yourselves of the genuineness of any manuscript I first replied that it was really difficult to Define that it seemed to be more a kind of instinct than anything else Dr simonides and his friend readily caught at this as too much like vague assertion and a naturally ridiculed any such idea but I further said that I had lived for six years past in the constant almost daily habit of examining manuscripts Bradshaw then applied this principle to his opinion of codex sinaiticus when simonides objected Bradshaw said I told him as politely as I could that I was not to be convinced against the evidence of my senses so Bradshaw essentially admitted that there was no real scientific proof as to the age of codex and Atticus and he ultimately admitted that all he trusted in were his senses or his instincts about the manuscript and Bradshaw is very significant because it was his reputation as a scholar that really compelled people to embrace tischendorf's codex Bradshaw further said that Dr simonides always maintained that the mount ethos Bible meaning codex anaticus written in 1840 for the Emperor of Russia was not meant to deceive anyone that it was Professor tischendorf's ignorance and inexperience which rendered him so easily deceived where no deception was intended maunathos was the location where simonides claimed he had created the Codex he provided many details for how the manuscript had been written and how it came to be at Mount Sinai he also provided many names of those in the Greek world who he said could confirm that he created the manuscript but strangely most of these details were never investigated either by the supporters of tischendorf or by the newspapers of the time [Music] in 1907 James Farrar wrote that the controversy cannot be said to have been settled by the mere opinions of tragelis or Bradshaw who examined the Codex two months before simonides had made his claim to it as his work so that they had no reason to examine it with suspicion but could there have been some other motive that drove the critical Scholars at this time [Music] simonides was a real threat to the academic establishment of Western Europe if what he claimed was true it would have shown that tragelis Bradshaw Hort and tischendorf knew little or nothing about dating ancient texts so you can imagine how hard they fought to discredit him uh not only that but simonides was working at the time with a man named Joseph Mayer Who was the founder of the mayor Museum in Liverpool and while there Mr Mayor had him come and examine a series of ancient Egyptian Scrolls that he had purchased years before so Mr Mayor brings simonides to the museum and what he uncovered were first century fragments and parchments that shattered some of the claims that were being made by the higher critics he found a first century fragment of the Gospel of Matthew that was dated within 15 years of the Ascension of Christ and this proved that Matthew was the first gospel not Mark and that it was originally written in Greek not in Hebrew or Aramaic as the critics had speculated also he displayed a first century scroll that contained first John 5 7 The johannine Comma which is a hotly disputed verse among higher critics and this proved that they were wrong and that the verse was not invented in later centuries as they had been saying and this was on display at Cambridge University and then at the Royal Society in London and if you read the accounts these things were so controversial that some later historians tried to claim that simonides had sold this Scroll of the Gospel of Matthew to Mr Mayor as some kind of forgery or something but if you read the newspaper accounts it's very clear Mr Mayor acknowledged that in fact he had purchased the scroll years before he ever met Constantine simonides so there was a lot of propaganda and false accusation that came against simonides because these discoveries were so threatening to what the critics wanted to believe [Music] in December of 1862 the London review wrote that the few Believers in simonides represented him as a man whose towering genius had aroused the Envy a like of Grecian professors German students and English Librarians and banded them together in a conspiracy to crush him thank you foreign December of 1862 a publication called the Brighton Observer reported that Professor tischendorf having visited the Holy Land returned to Europe with a voluminous manuscript that he obtained from the library of the monastery of Mount Sinai the earliest known copy of the Bible in time one of the parts fell into the hands of simonides who at once recognized it as a manuscript he had himself executed he made his assertion public that the Codex an Atticus had been written by himself but tischendorf and the Learned men of Germany refused to recognize the claims of simonides and continued its publication things went on this way some persons believing simonides some tischendorf when suddenly a Greek ARCA mandrite wrote to the English papers from Alexandria corroborating the statement of simonides and stating that he remembered seeing simonides engaged in writing out the copy of the Bible in question in the ancient Greek characters on Mount ethos [Music] the Greek monk mentioned in the article was a friend of simonides whose name was kalinicos kalinicos wrote a series of letters to the English newspapers confirming the story of simonides and denouncing tischendorf whom he called the master and pupil of all guile and all wickedness [Music] in one of his letters published in the literary Churchman kalinicos wrote I repeat that the manuscript in dispute is the work of the unwearied simonides and of no other person a portion of this was secretly removed from Mount Sinai by professor tischendorf in 1844 the rest with inconceivable recklessness he mutilated and tampered with according to his liking in the year 1859 some leaves he destroyed especially such as contained the acrostics of simonides what's interesting is kalinicos's mention of how tischendorf destroyed the pages that had the markings of simonides on them which may explain why some of the pages were burned it's important to remember that to this day the monks at Mount Sinai denied tischendorf's story and his claim that he found the manuscript in a rubbish basket so where would the burned pages of the manuscript have come from is it possible that tischendorf burned parts of them to destroy the markings of simonides as kalinico suggests and this might explain why he came up with a story about the monks throwing the pages into the fire later on a story which nobody really seems to believe [Music] [Applause] claimed that he himself had been at St Catherine's Monastery when tischendorf was there and that tischendorf took the first pages of the manuscript without permission he said I further declare that the Codex which Dr tischendorf obtained is the identical codex which simonides wrote inasmuch as I saw it in the hands of tischendorf and recognized the work colleenicos also claimed that the manuscript had been washed with lemon juice and herbs to weaken the appearance of the letters and to give it a more ancient look in response to these accusations the supporters of tischendorf insisted that simonides had forged the letters himself and they claimed that kalinicos was a fictional character yet in his book James Farrar tells us that kalinicos was indeed a real person and that his letters cannot be brushed aside as the testimony of a fabulous being [Music] yet the letters of kalinicos bear within them an almost prophetic warning about the Codex he wrote to the newspapers in 1862 that you will greatly sin in foisting on the world a new manuscript as an old one and especially a manuscript containing the holy scriptures injury to the church must accrue from all this even from the evidently numerous Corrections of the manuscript tischendorf originally documented some fourteen thousand eight hundred Corrections foreign [Music] has its home at the British library in London in 2009 they finished the Codex an Atticus project which was aimed at fully examining tischendorf's famous manuscript in 2008 we interviewed Dr Juan Garces one of the curators of the project while the work was still in progress part of the Codex in NATO's project is to gather all the material commission top Scholars to go through that material and write reports sit around the table and discuss it and publish it all first of all the documents but also the the history the greed historical account of how it came from it's Monastery I think the great role of this project is to produce this history which hasn't been written as as we all agree well enough so I hope in 2009 July we will be able to tell the full story is it true is there any truth to the assertion that van tischendorf found the the first manuscript in a in a trash barrel he said in in his book that he found it in a basket but again I mean this is one of the many voices that make the whole of the history and um I'm in no position to to confirm that as being probable or not while we were suspicious of this answer when we heard it we chose to wait until they finished their research before jumping to a conclusion yet incredibly once the British Library published their website we found that they omitted most all of the documented history about codex sinaiticus they ignored tischendorf's own testimony about finding the manuscript in a rubbish basket instead they claimed that the monks brought it to his attention in 1844 and while they said they were going to tell the full story their website makes no mention of the four-year controversy with Constantine simonides we also spoke with Dr Scott mckendrick the head of Western manuscripts about the comparison between sinaiticus and the Codex vaticanus they're different also in quite what one critical way in that synopticus or two ways actually I'd say two ways one is that vaticanus does not have the the extent of Correction that's a very critical difference because is the the most corrected manuscript of a Greek manuscript of the the scriptures the second is that um vaticanus has a very now has a very strange appearance when you look at it as a sort of manuscript expert although you know that people tell you that it is a fourth Century manuscript actually looks like a 15th century manuscript and there's one very simple reason for that is that almost the entire text has been overwritten by a 15th century scribe not only that he's added in 15th century decoration titling and so forth so it has a very strange appearance [Music] is it possible that the reason codex vaticanus has a strange and even newer appearance is that it may not be a truly ancient manuscript [Music] the earliest recorded date for vaticanus is 1475 A.D when it was first entered into the record of the Vatican Library the manuscript had formerly been rejected by Erasmus and the reformers because they believed it was corrupt yet somehow the warnings of the Reformation were completely ignored by tischendorf and the scholars who supported him they all embraced vaticanus without questioning its authenticity or considering that it may have been one of Rome's many historic forgeries among this company of Scholars was FHA scrivener another prominent academic who also opposed Constantine simonides the strange thing about all of these guys Bradshaw Scribner tragelis Hort all of them who supported codex vaticanus and who questioned Constantine simonides it's understandable that they would question simonides because he had been accused of forgery that makes sense that they would take the time to investigate his claims but why they did not apply the same standard to the Vatican when the Vatican has a much longer and much more provable history of forgery and fakery and fraud why they didn't apply the same standard when they were examining codex vaticanus just doesn't make any sense and in fact if you study what happened when trijalis for example when he goes to the Vatican library to examine codex vaticanus the priest there behaved in a very strange Manner and he said while he was looking at the Codex there were priests in the room and they were making noise and so on to try and distract him and he said that if he spent too much time looking at any one page for too long and studying it they would come and snatch it away almost as though they didn't want him to have an opportunity to study it too closely among the more startling features of vaticanus are its many omissions in the gospels alone it leaves out 237 words 452 Clauses and 748 whole sentences and other manuscripts agree that those things are there while vaticanus is known for its omissions synaticus is famous for its more than 14 000 Corrections many more than the average biblical codex while tischendorf reported some 14 800 Corrections once the British libraries project was complete the number was inflated dramatically in this BBC documentary the latest number of Corrections is given by Dr mckendrick along with the theological conclusions they are said to imply on closer inspection the text of the codexoniticus is littered with revisions it is history's most altered biblical manuscript and within those changes lie its real theological secrets it has approximately 23 000 Corrections and all that survives which is an extraordinary rate of Correction it means that they're on average there are about 30 Corrections on each page given the quality of the calligraphy Scholars were surprised to find so many changes many scribes wrote for money they wrote quickly which meant they sometimes made errors but 23 000 Corrections can't be explained in this way there have to be theological reasons too [Music] if the biblical text could vary it couldn't be the immutable word of God what the Codex and articus was revealing was the instability of the story this volume is the oldest surviving copy of the New Testament complete this is the ancestor of all the Bibles that everybody else has in the world so right there notice the conclusion that the BBC is giving they're saying that if this oldest Bible supposedly had all of these mistakes and variants in it well then that proves it cannot be the immutable inerrant word of God hence confirming what the Jesuits and the Vatican and all the Catholic Scholars and the higher critics have been arguing for hundreds of years in their attempts to destroy the Protestant doctrine of Sola scriptura thank you the same BBC documentary even goes on to show how the influence of codex sinaiticus would specifically undermine the Protestant faith in the King James Bible here was a manuscript that offered unique insights into scripture and which made Scholars re-evaluate the Bible that Victorian Christians had relied on King James Bible sturdy and black on the shelves was was thought to be perfect and errant by many people across the English-speaking World which was mostly bible-believing Protestants but the fact of the matter was that Scholars had known that the translations were all based on rather shaky evidence shaky texts so this is what drove voluntechendo to go and search across the ancient scriptoria as they were called when the manuscript was first discovered in 1844 this met exactly what tischendorf was looking for in other words a very early manuscript of the Christian Bible and in particular of course what he'd he subsequently found was the earliest complete New Testament but is Kodak sinaiticus really the earliest copy of the New Testament or is it a 19th century work created by Constantine simonides a work that was somehow tampered with and manipulated to fulfill a centuries-old agenda after presenting many names dates and places to the scholars of Western Europe simonides himself seemed to grow weary of the debates at one point he wrote what then have you to oppose to the evidence of living men oh zealous defender of the pseudo-sanatic Codex if you are still incredulous I say to you remain faithful in your faithlessness I have proclaimed the truth for I will answer as I should to the All-Seeing God in the day of judgment therefore I have spoken I have no sin holy yours Constantine simonides [Music] simonides would publish a final work in 1864 before leaving England for good in it he reaffirmed his claims about sinaiticus and included the testimonies of those who believed him yet his enemy is in the Press continued to insist that he was merely a liar and a Forger [Music] the charge of forgery was never proven against simonides but can be traced to his initial conflict with tischendorf at the University of Leipzig in 1855. when simonides presented the first known copy of The Shepherd of hermas in Greek the reason the shepherd of Hermes is important is because it's a work that was embraced by the early church but in Western Europe it was only known in Latin and yet Scholars knew that it had originally been written in Greek but nobody ever found a copy in Greek Constantine simonides was the first man to bring a Greek copy of The Shepherd of hermas into Western Europe and that's very important because the shepherd of hermas is also found as part of codex sinaiticus and this supports the idea that he could have created codex analicus why because he had access to a Greek copy of The Shepherd of hermas and he's the only person in the world who had a copy of the Greek version of The Shepherd of hermas that's why it's so significant While most of the scholars at Leipzig embraced the Hermes manuscript as genuine tischendorf declared it to be a forgery because it disagreed with the Latin version in response simonides argued that the manuscript hermus was correct and that the common Latin translations from which it differed had been made not in accordance with the Greek originals but to suit the views of the Latin translators who had put into the mouth of hermas doctrinal opinions eminently calculated to strengthen the position of the Catholic Church to which the translators belonged simonides biographer wrote that as some of the chief dogmas of the Latin church were severely attacked by an exposure of the fraud in the Latin translations simonides gained much ill will among the members of that church the charge of forgery would be exaggerated in the English press to the point that simonides would eventually be accused of forging nearly everything he came in contact with he is said to have left England about 1864. [Music] but then in 1870 a number of the men who opposed him would become involved in the new revision committee for the King James Bible the committee was led by Fenton John Anthony Hort the friend of treelis who was among the first to embrace the Codex sinaiticus under his leadership the committee would create a new Greek text in fulfillment of what tischendorf had written in 1866 they used as their Foundation codex vaticanus and the Codex sinaiticus it was an Italian new Greek text and it's different to anything that was that existed before Hort seems to have been motivated by a hatred for the traditional Greek of the Reformation he referred to it as villainous and as that vile textus receptus his partner was an Anglican Bishop named BF Wescott other committee members included tregealis along with FHA scrivener it is interesting to note that the committee also invited John Henry Newman who was at the time a Catholic priest and while he declined the offer their invitation reveals much about the theological opinions of Wescott and hort [Music] you know there's definite links to Roman Catholicism they're in the different Bibles in the west cotton heart there were deathly anglo-catholics at best so you would call Westcott and hort anglo-catholics yeah I would think that you would have to class them is that you have your whole tractarian movement going on at that time in in the Anglican church and that was the anglo-catholic movement by John Henry Newman who later became a cardinal in the Roman Catholic church but he was in the Anglican Church at that time and John Keeble and stride and many of the other writers they were all working to make anglicanism Roman Roman Catholic they wanted to introduce many Roman Catholic practices into angling and about 200 anglicans converted to Roman Catholicism at that time and thousands of members so neither are but one thousand Anglican ministers ready to convert to Rome in the year of Our Lord 2011 so the whole anglo-catholic movement has been going on in England and out of that then West cotton heart they really were in the midst of all that Fury or about uh introducing uh Ang Roman Catholic ideas into the Anglican Church Wisconsin halt in their letters they're very pro-catholic at one point Wescott described seeing a pieta statue of the Catholic Mary holding the dead body of Jesus he wrote had I been alone I could have knelt there for hours and Hort said that this night difference between Jesus worship and Mary worship it was a its causes and it affects and so uh there's a very strong Catholic thing there as it was with the American Committee with uh Philip schaff he was very supportive of the Catholicism Philip schaff would lead the committee that would develop the American Standard Version of the Bible in 1901 based on the same Greek text created by Wescott and hort like tischendorf schaff met privately with Pope Gregory the 16th and even admitted to kissing his red slipper shaft would become known as The ecumenical Prophet who claimed he was promoting the germs of a new theology and we know he was hitting with all of that because he was the one of the founders of the world parliament of religion that had their first meeting in 1893 and uh the speakers at that were from all sorts of religions they were from from Buddhist Buddhism uh Hinduism these were all the speakers that spoke uh Shintoism the bishop of Japan spoke on Shintoism and the subjects that they covered was quite amazing and so there was a mixture on Islam it was a Muslim speaker and Christian Science and a new age Annie passant was the opening speaker who was a co-author of the magazine called Lucifer which is a part of the philosophy society's publicification and so there was a real strong roots and connection there during these events the Lord's Prayer was retitled the universal prayer their motto was have we not all one father hath not one God created us if you read the historic account of the parliament there is no question that there was a very strong focus on Christianity and the Bible but the idea was that Christ was inclusive and so rather than calling for all those who worshiped Idols to repent as Paul did when he witnessed to the Athenians the parliament determined that all the Pagan religions should be embraced and intermingled with Christianity foreign ly the subject of Philip shaft's speech was The Reunion of Christendom in it he said there is a Unity of Christian scholarship of all creeds this Unity has been strikingly Illustrated in the anglo-american revision of the authorized version of the scriptures or shaft somehow suggesting that the revision Committee of 1870 was part of a greater agenda it is worth considering that when Wescott and Hort finished their revision of the King James Bible their new Greek text was openly condemned by Dean John Bergen who published a critique titled the revision revised in it he said I frankly confess that to me all this looks very much indeed like what in the language of lawyers is called conspiracy [Music] do you believe that the Jesuits counter-reformation is going on still today oh yeah I believe that that's one of the main efforts of the Church of Rome to undo the work of the Protestant Reformation and I think the Jesuits they've been in the Forefront of the battle and they were so evil that the popes finally disbanded them the first pope that was going to do that was poisoned and the second pope that's he said that they would probably get him too and he was also after he signed the bill to suppress the order he suffered a long time in agony from the poison that he got but then they were reintroduced again by the church and so they're still working today they have changed their tactics I believe to to work in The ecumenical movement foreign Century the Vatican would take the concept of ecumenical Unity to a global level through Vatican Council 2 which redefined the position of Rome on all the religions of the world [Music] but exactly what role would the revision of the Bible play in this new movement at the world parliament in 1893 Philip schaff said Christ promised us one flock under one Shepherd but not one fold the famous passage John 10 16 has been mistranslated and the error has passed into the king James's version Christ's flock is one but there are many fools we must look therefore to a much broader Union foreign [Music] Jesus said I am the way the truth and the life no man cometh unto the father but by me while the Apostle Peter declared neither is there salvation in any other for there is none other name under Heaven given among men whereby we must be saved meanwhile the Apostle Paul warned the church when he said If any man preach any other gospel let him be accursed yet if men could believe that the earliest New Testament manuscripts were full of errors and that early Christians were unsure of what to believe then it could be possible that such bold verses in the scripture are not so decisive after all and hence the door to many religions could thus be opened is this perhaps what Rome desired all along many examples might be given for the influence of Rome in modern times but among the more interesting is an interview with Leo Hendry the managing partner of intermedia Partners his company took possession of the largest Christian Publishing House in the world Thomas Nelson publishers in this interview Henry was asked about what drove him to be successful what gave you the ambition to go from you know sort of blue-collar jobs to wanting to become uh I guess a business yeah um lots of demons lots of devils that have always caused me to want to succeed I was blessed with some some intellect that uh it's been like intellectual curiosity as well that just drove me I had a lot of my early influences came from the Jesuits I was Jesuit trained at both the high school level and at college and I always knew that I wanted to be something special I don't mean that self-servingly but I did want to succeed and be well thought of and I give a lot of the early early credit to the Jesuits in 2011 intermediate Partners sold possession of Thomas Nelson to Rupert Murdoch most famous for his ownership of Fox News Murdoch is also a knight of the pontifical Order of Saint Gregory knighted by the pope for his service to Rome through Thomas Nelson Murdoch's company now publishes the new King James Bible and through zondervan he publishes the NIV Bible as well interestingly Mr Murdoch also owns Harper Collins that publishes the Satanic Bible for the Church of Satan but are these things just strange coincidences or could there be other powers at work we consider this interview with the late Malachi Martin a former Jesuit priest and author of a best-selling book on the history of the Jesuit order in this interview Martin reveals what are said to be the dark Powers at work in Rome I've got an article here entitled two eminent churchmen agree yes uh that there actually is this is a shocker to a lot of people yeah uh there is there are satanic practices going on at the Vatican could that be true yeah now when we say in the Vatican it's at a sudden level and um there's no doubt about it that they have been and still are practices that are uh formally uh venerating Lucifer the prince of this world [Music] in the scripture the destruction of spiritual Babylon is clearly foretold we read that Babylon the great is Fallen is Fallen and has become the habitation of devils and the hold of every foul spirit and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird and I heard another voice from Heaven saying come out of her my people that ye be not partakers of her sins and that ye receive not of her plagues for her sins have reached unto heaven and God hath remembered her iniquities [Music] in the gospel of Matthew Jesus told the parable of a man who sowed good seed in his field but while men slept an enemy came and so tears among the wheat the tear is said to be a type of weed known as the Darnell the Darnell is sometimes called false wheat because as it grows it appears almost exactly like the real wheat surrounding it but as it nears the Harvest the wheat turns golden brown but the Darnell turns black and its seeds are full of poison Jesus said he that soweth the good seed is the son of man the field is the world the good seed are the children of the Kingdom but the tares are the children of the wicked one the enemy that sowed them is the devil with these things in mind we ask the question when it comes to the history of the church and the Bible who are the tares and who are the wheat and through which of them has been preserved the true and faithful record of the word of God

Channel: Parable - Religious History Documentaries

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Keywords: parable, parable channel, parable documentary, religious history, religious history documentary, bible documentary, bible documentary bbc, jesus documentary

Id: LPFR5PXGTWY

Length: 173min 38sec (10418 seconds)

Published: Tue Dec 13 2022