Who were the Sea Peoples? (Bronze Age Collapse & Sea Peoples Origins)

the 12th century BCE was a period of widespread crisis which ultimately brought the end of the Bronze Age many long-standing civilizations were completely destroyed While others took centuries to rebuild to their former glory the scholars have variously attributed such large-scale disturbance to a number of socio-economic problems and natural disasters that supposedly had weakened many of the Great cities and kingdoms and created a path for groups of scarcely attested peoples to get together and forcefully Change the World Order to the ancient Egyptians they were just the foreigners that conspired against them and other contemporary civilizations but to us they are better known as the sea peoples [Music] the period of the late Bronze Age was considered to be a time of relative prosperity of the great civilizations most of which reached their Peak when it came to wealth influence and military strength five of the main powers of this period were variously recorded as the Egyptian Kingdom the hittite Empire Babylonia Assyria and Mycenaean Greece these Powers especially the first four constantly engaged with each other in trade diplomacy but occasionally also Warfare most notably Egyptians and Hittites constantly fought over the control of Levant which culminated in the Battle of Kadesh in 1274 BCE other kingdoms did have their fair share of conflicts with the rising Assyrian Empire trying to expand at the expense of the Babylonians while Mycenaeans constantly strive to further their influence in Asia Minor however the relative balance of power remained until things quickly started deteriorating at the end of the 13 and the first half of the 12th century BCE within the time span of just several decades great kingdoms of the Bronze Age suffered successive and destructive attacks from an enemy that they were clearly not ready for cities across the Mycenaean Greece were destroyed in quick succession the hittite empire was completely wiped out from the map and the Assyrians and Babylonians shrunk in size to territories slightly bigger than their Capital Cities the ancient Greeks attributed the fall of mycenae to an event known as The Return of the heraclidi after five successive invasions over the course of a century the so-called successors of Heracles together with their Dorian itolian and other allies were able to bring down what was ravaged and the war torn mycenae after which the whole region entered a period of the Dark Ages and would not recover until centuries later the Hittites on the other hand did not live to tell the story as their civilization was completely eradicated the only Power that stood its ground and was able to repel the enemy was the New Kingdom of Egypt it is through the Egyptians that we learn of the sea peoples on apparent Confederation of many countries that swiped through Asia Minor and Levante and destroyed everything in their path until finally meeting their match in the Egyptian pharaohs the famous passage from Pharaoh Ramses III reads as follows the foreign countries made a conspiracy in their islands all at once the lands were removed and Scattered in The Fray no land can stand before their arms from hati Cody karkame sharzawa and Malaysia on being destroyed at one time besides this inscription which was commissioned in about 1150 BCE the list of the sea peoples their descriptions and whereabouts are attested in several Egyptian sources and narratives of three pharaohs from the 13th and 12th centuries BCE from these sources the Egyptians mentioned the following groups Sheridan Luca carquisa shakalesh equish teresh Daniel the earliest Egyptian inscriptions concerning one of these groups dates to the early reign of Ramses II in the 13th century BCE and the second year of his Reign the Pharaoh records repulsing a sea attack on the Nile Delta by what he calls the unruly Sheridan the unruly Sheridan whom no one had ever known how to combat they came boldly sailing in their warships from the midst of the sea none being able to withstand them Ramses ultimately defeated the attack and captured many of the Pirates many of which were then incorporated into the Egyptian Army and settled along the hittite frontier Sheridan warriors were held in a high regard by the Pharaoh so much that he had employed them as his personal bodyguard the origins of the Sheridan are still debated among the scholars with their connection to the Sea being the only thing that's for certain they have been associated with Asia Minor but even more prominently with the island of Sardinia and its nagaric civilization along with linguistic similarities of the name the Sheridan were noted by the Egyptians for their horned helmets and round Shields a feature also typical of the nugeric Warriors of Sardinia several years later the Sheridan took part at the Battle of kadash fighting among the elite units of the Egyptian Army against the hittite forces here we record the second constituent of the sea peoples the Luca just like to Sheridan the Luca people were present to the famed Battle of Kadesh however they did not side with the Egyptians but instead appeared among the allies of the hittite Empire however with the Luca we at least do have a clear picture of who they were they came from the local lands in Southwestern and Italia a hittite an Egyptian name for the region of leukia home of the lucians were not under authority of a single ruler but consisted of various cities led by their respective Chieftains they were mostly independent of both Hittites and Mycenaeans and were Infamous for their piracy they would continue to cause problems for the Egyptians most notably to Ramses his successor marnepta who himself had to deal with several hostile encounters with the sea peoples another group which just like the leukians joined the hittite Empire at the Battle of Kardash is carquisa or karkia while they may had taken part in some of the raids they are not necessarily always included in the list of the sea peoples either way carquisa represented the region of Korea in Asia Minor and its Warriors usually fought as mercenaries for the Hittites and possibly to see peoples rather than being a part of any particular Alliance during the reign of mernepta several more groups joined the list of the Egyptian enemies the shekels are a bit more mysterious when it comes to determining who they were they were depicted with flashy and colorful armors wearing medallions around their neck besides the name we do not know much of their whereabouts various theories have been formed pointing to Asia Minor the Aegean and even Sicily the Anatolian hypotheses Associates in which sagalasos a city of presidia a small region to the northeast of leukia the Sicilian Theory mentions cycos or sikoloi a seafaring tribe that occupied the eastern part of Sicily during the Iron Age and gave the island its name yet another theory relies on the hittite records in which king shipilulima II mentions the so-called chicalayu to his ugarit Governor an equally mysterious name of a seafaring Group which the hittite king describes as dwelling on their ships perhaps a little less controversial are the equish known to the Egyptians as the equish of the countries of the sea they have been generally accepted by the scholars to be the Mycenaean Greeks the achaeans or ahiyawans as they were known to the Hittites were entering a heavy decline by the beginning of the 12th century BCE known for both Warfare and seafaring prowess more and more of the achaeans became tempted with leaving the Greek mainland as it descended into chaos instead pursuing overseas adventures in search of wealth and even potentially new lands to settle such campaigns brought the akians to Cyprus putting an end to the kingdom of palacia and having namazakian Greek kingdoms emerged in the island during the Iron Age another however mythological account recounts Odysseus and his so-called cretan lie where he claims to had launched an assault in Egypt at a denial Delta ultimately unsuccessful the hero then supposedly had to spend time in Egypt living there for seven years and obtaining great wealth before coming back to the Aegean although a myth the story had notable correlation with the sea people's attack on the Nile Delta for they were eventually defeated by Ramses III with some of them then staying at the pharaoh's service another group that accompanied the equish in their assaults were the terrorists also known as the tarish of the sea they have been loosely associated with tarusa or willusa from the hittite records better known as Troy or Ilion a different Theory Associates them with the tyranians a Greek name for the Etruscans who According to some ancient writers supposedly lived in the Aegean before migrating to Italy the danyan were unsurprisingly also associated with the Aegean depicted with typical Aegean gear of the end of the Bronze Age the danyan are most prominently associated with the danayans which besides the achaeans were also a name that was synonymous with the Mycenaean Greeks much earlier Egyptian attestations of the Mycenaeans appear in the 15th century BCE during the reign of Duty Moses III there the land of the Mycenaeans was called Dinaya or tanayu with some of its major cities identified by the Egyptians as mycenae now pleon and thieves the exact relation between these two names when it came to their usage by the Mycenaeans themselves is not known so it remains difficult to determine if one was used more broadly and another was more specific when it came to the Mycenaean world appeared to be similar to the danian at least when it came to their equipment the head dress was easily recognizable likely representing the same trait of some of the other supposedly Aegean groups their possible Origins include some of the tribes inhabiting Creed while some linked them to the tracheons at the Northern parts of the Aegean Sea the teaker were among the peoples that eventually settled in Canaan presumably with the other side of the Pharaoh who at least claimed to have brought them under the Egyptian control in a Papyrus text known as the story of whenamon and dated to about 1000 BCE the tayeka were reported to had settled the city of dor and eventually brought it up from a minor Town into a major port city just like the tayaker the palace set were also a group that would ultimately settle in Canaan their Origins and identity however seems to be less of a mystery than most since Palace set represents an Egyptian rendering of the name Philistines their Origins are widely accepted as areas inhabited by the Mycenaeans unsurprisingly local Pottery of the early Philistine saddles in ashdod ekron ashkelan and Goth resembled the pottery of the Mycenaeans shortly before their collapse at the end of the Bronze Age moreover at ekron a maguran style building was discovered a unique feature of the Mycenaean culture biblical sources are perhaps even more specific connecting the Philistines to captor or Crete the island of Crete at the time of the sea peoples was home of several Greek and hellenized tribes one of which were the palaskians perhaps an original name synonymous with palisad and Philistines while the Palaces were certainly among the last enigmatic of the sea peoples the last group is the polar opposite the West Ash were perhaps the least attested among the Egyptian adversaries in fact the only thing that we know about them is their name some Scholars have hypothesized that vashish might be one perhaps smaller Clan of the achians While others discussed about possible carrion or even italic origin at this point there's just no sufficient evidence to make a conclusion what do you think which theories about to see people's Origins do you agree with what are those that you disagree with do you have your own theories please let us know in the comment section and don't forget to subscribe we're introducing the super tanks the super thanks 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Channel: Wanax TV

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Keywords: ancient history, ancient greece, bronze age, myceaneans, mycenaean greece, mycenaean civilization, mycenae, history, wanaxtv, history of greece, greek history, greek mythology, achaeans, danaans, argives, ionians, dorians, aeolians, achaea, tiryns, pylos, ahhiyawa, heroic age, dark age, archaic age, classical age, hellenistic age, wanax, basileus, lawagetas, hittites, minoans, minoan crete, minoan civilization, trojan war, ancient art, achaean history, sea peoples, bronze age collapse

Id: rNdt2GqDN5A

Length: 15min 32sec (932 seconds)

Published: Tue Feb 28 2023